Munhoroondo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo zvinozara nekokorodzano dzakarovedzeka, denho hurusa yomunyori haisati iri yokungogadzira bedzi vatambi, asi kufema upenyu munhamba dzinonzwa sokunge kuti dzaivapo pamberi pepeji yokutanga uye dzichapfuurira kwenguva refu pashure peyapashure. Archetypes — mitoo iyoyo yakadzika zvikuru yemiitiro yetsika — inopa nhevedzano ine simba, asi inopawo ngozi yokuderedza muunganidzwa wemifananidzo inodeya kuoneka. Rwendo rwokubva mumufananidzo wechinhu chapakuvamba kunoda unyanzvi, urwo runoremekedza gamuchidzanwa apo runochiisa muchimwe chinhu chiri chomuzvarirwo. Nyaya inonzvera zvikuru kusvika vanhu vanopfuura mapikichairi, kunyange mugen uyo anotsamira zvikuru pamichina wavo.

Kubatsira Kunoita Zvinyorwa Munyaya

Mitauro yakanyorwa haisiyo yoruzivo rwokuvapo. Miitiro inoparirwa nemipimo yapakuvamba yomufambiro womunhu nevavariro zvinooneka mutsika namazana amakore. Murapi wendangariro weSwitzerland Carl Jung anotanga kuratidzira nhamba dzakadai seHero, mumvuri, uye Munhu Akachenjera soanobva muboka risingazivi. Mumashoko anoshanda nokuda kwavanyori, iyi mitoo inopindura mibvunzo inokosha: Ndiani anosunda chiito? Ndiani anodzivisa? Hero anoshatisa? Mumiriri anopa uchenjeri; Mushoo unotyisidzira; Trickster anovhiringidza. Kuziva aya mabasa kubetsera mugadziri wenhau, asi achivimba nayo anobudisa mapepa.

Chinoita kuti archecotype rinzwe zvakanaka kwete kurovedzana kwayo asi kuchinjika kwayo. Rudzi rukuru rwoMudikanwi, somuenzaniso, runogona kuoneka somubereki akazvipira, kunyanyisa kwokuzviparadza, kana kuti kurwira kwokuchinja nokuda kwefariro. Mitoo iripo kuti itambanudzwe. Vanyori vanobudirira vanonzwisisa kuti mapikicha makuru haasati ari madaro; ivo vari kutanga mapfundo.

Apo Mitoo Yokugadzira Zvinhu Inova Mitoo

Mumvuri wearchétype ndicliché. Cliché itsika yaichimbova inoshanda inotsvedzereka kupfurikidza nokudzokorora. Musarudzo anowana masimba akavanzwa papeji gumi, mutikitivha ane shamhu ine ngwavaira nechinetso chenyuchi, fariro yorudo iyo iripo bedzi kuti isunungurwe — iyi haisati iri rondedzero dzayo huru asi kutevedzera kwadzo kwapachivande. Mutsetse pakati pepikichai necliché unorondedzerwa nechakananga. Mumiri wehove anongopa zano refishy uye ipapo pakati peChiito II ibasa rakarongwa. Menter uyo anorega basa rokuzvidzora uyo anodzidzisa protackistration kupfurikidza nechirango chake nemhaka yokuti anorasikirwa neyeuko.

Kuti tibudise pachena, munyori anofanira kurangarira chimiro chose chohunhu chakagarwa nhaka semubvunzo panzvimbo pemhinduro: Zvakadiniko kudai Trickster akanga ari nzvimbo yetsika?

Kuvaka Mudzimu Wesimbi: Hwaro Hwemavambo

Hero ardetype ndiyo inonyanya kudzorwa. Joseph Campbell inoreva kuti ivhu rinoyera, serino udzame mubhuku rake Hero ine chidhindo cheMireniyumu. Panzvimbo pokudana kuti vashanye nechipikirwa, fungidzira danidzo inonzwa sechikanganiso, uye dzoka. asi inyika inotengesa chakavanzika chikuru cheshamwari, ichiita kuti abhajere nyika yose. Kuramba kunowanzova kupfupikisa kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Panzvimbo pokudaidza kumhanya nechinovimbisa, fungidzira danidzodzodzo inoita sechinhu chinovhiringidza — mazaiwaro anoshambadza chakavanzika zvikurusa, anomanikidzira muveri wemari munyika yesangano. Kuramba kwechinyikira kunowanzova kupfupi, asi kana zvichiramba kuve hachiyero chekupedzisira nokuda kwokuda kuziva?

Nharidzano yaHero yokunze (misa mhondi, hwina dzinza) inofanira kuva chiratidzo chokusava nechinhu chomukati. Mhare inorwisa hurumende yakaipa asi iyo imene yakapindwa muropa noudzori pamhuri yayo imene inoparira kusagadzikana kunonyandura. Chido chaichoicho panhambo iri yose — zvokudya zvaanoshuva, nzira yaanopeta nayo pepa apo anonetseka, kunyengera kwainozviudza amene mangwanani mamwe namamwe — inobvisa mupimo wezvinhu zvakaisvonaka ndokuzivisa munhu ari pasi.

Kuchinja Mavara Okugadzira Kuva Mativi Akasiyana Nemamwe

Kuchinja kunotanga nokuziva kuti munhu haasati ari ndaza yemavara asi chinhu chendangariro chinoumbwa nenhau, physiology, uye mashoko akapoteredza nzanga. Shandisa mavhaisi anotevera kuvaka kubva muchimiro chipi nechipi chendangariro.

Kukunda Senheyo, Kwete Kubvisa

Murwi akapfuma haarevi kudzokera shure kwemapaji gumi. Kunoreva kuti nhau yemunhu wacho iputirano apo nguva iri yose yazvino inova nechinoitika. Mentor uyo aichimbova murwi akashongedzwa angadhudhusa panzwi remotokari yemotokari — udzame hunobuda muchinoitika, husingatongotsananguri. Vateereri vanogovera chikonzero nei: muvaki wezvisarudzo: muTrickster anochengeta zvokudya nemhaka yenzara youhwana, Hero uyo anonyanyorangarira mari yake nemhaka yokuti mhuri yake yakarasikirwa nechinhu chiri chose. Miteveri inoshanda zvikurusa ndiavo vanokarakadza jasiro yose apo inongozivisa. Vateereri vanopa mashoko pamusoro payo. Nokuda kwokuvanzi vadzokororesa.

Mapfumo, Masimba, uye Kuoma Kwekuzvidzora

Munhu ane simba anofinha; munhu ane zvikanganiso bedzi anosuruvarisa. Kushandisa zvose zviri zviviri ndiko kunotangira nhema. Simba gurusa raHero — kutendeseka kusingazununguki — kunogona kuva muitiro umene unoparadzanisa vasonganiri vake. Simba rounyanzvi hwesimba rinova chinhu bedzi chinoponesa nzanga yaakaronga kuparadza. Kurovedza kunokosha kunyora ndaza yesimba shanu uye ipapo nokuda kwomumwe nomumwe, kuwana chikanganiso icho mumvuri unopinzwa nesimba iroro rinodzvinyirirwa. Ushingi hunova kudzorwa; tsitsi dzinova shatiso; kuda kuziva kunova shangaira. Izvi zvinoumba hunhu hwakasimba asi hwakaoma hunoramba kuva hwakaisvonaka murudzi rumwe rwechisaririra.

Kugadzira Musiyano Wenzwi Nemaitiro

Inzwi igwaro reminwe yemunhu. Rinobatanidza mashoko, mutinhimira, chisarudzo chedimikira, uye chinosiiwa chisina kusiiwa. Mentor inorerwa mumusha wokuredza wemhenderekedzo yegungwa achashandisa mamirire okunze nemifananidzo yegungwa kunyange pakukurukura nezvemari. Trickster angataura muzvirahwe chaizvoizvo zviri zvidimbu zvine mufungo. Dialogue renhau haifaniri kungotangira bedzi kuronga; inofanira kuzivisa pfungwa dzakasiana. Mannerism anotambanudza iyi: Hero uyo anobata suo nguva dzose asati apinda, mumvuri uyo anoridzira mbira apo unonzwa. Mibato yakadaro inoyeuchidza vateereri kuti vanoona chinhu chiri pedyo, kwete musere wedare.

Ukama Hwamasimba Uhwo Hunozivisa Zviso Zvakavanzwa

Hakuna vara rinovapo muudzori. Ukama hweshamwari. Hero ingava yakakombana navaduku, inozviisa pasi pomubereki, uye nenzira isingakarirwi nemhuka inorasika. batano imwe neimwe inokweva rutivi rwakasiana rwohunhu kumusoro. Inzwai munhu ane kuvapo kunoita kuti Mentor anzwe ari benzi, uye kamwe kamwe mutungamiriri akachenjera anozivisa kusachengeteka kukuru. Kuwirirana nemunhu anotova akanyongana zvikuru, uye Trickster anova inzwi renzwi rendangariro. Uku kupesana kwemifungo kunoisa pachena chitarisiko chemifungo ndokufumuranisa kwezvakaita kuti vatambi vanzwe vanzwi vakarurama vanzwe vari vechokwadi.

Mienzaniso Yokugadzira Zvigadzirwa Zvematombo Zvinozivikanwa Nevenhau

Kuongorora mabhuku anobudirira kunoratidza kuti nhamba inoramba ichiwanikwa inoramba sei.

  • Hero: Katnis Everdeen mu Mitambo yeNzara [ inovamba sedziviriri inonangwa inopukunyuka, asi nhauro yacho inozivisa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti inoshandiswawo muhoro yezvamatongerwe enyika inodzivisa kuva chiratidzo.
  • [[FOLT:0] , MET:[[FT:1] Mu [[FT:2] Hondo dzeSTAR, Yoda pakutanga anopa uzivi hwakatanhamara, bva kutaura kwake kwakangwara, kutaura kwakashata, uye nguva yeutera hwakaneta muchinoitika chake chokupedzisira zvinoomesa mamiriro ezvinhu. Haasi uchenjeri hahwo; munhu akatakura uremu hweuchenjeri ihwohwo kwemazana amakore.
  • Mumvuri: Darth Vader kuvambira pamwana womuranda kusvikira kuJedi akaputsika kunoisa mufananidzo wakashata nengwavaira. Sutu yake haisati iri bedzi muchina unotyisidzira; ijeri rinoponesa upenyu. Kutyisa kwaanonyandura kwakadzikwa mukurasikirwa kukuru.
  • , [[FLT :] Loki kubva kuChinese Chapasi Chose chinoshamisa chinoshanda nemhaka yokuti nyongano yake haitongovi inongoerekana yavapo. Inovapo nokudikanwa kukuru, kusina kuzadzikwa kwokuva munhu. Kuchinja kwaro ndekwechokwadi neruchenjeri, munhu asingazivi kuti ishanduro ipi yake amene yechokwadi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Guardian: Hagrid mu Muumbi weHarry [ mutariri wemukova asingatongorindi suo; anorivhura. Ukuru hwake hunosiyana nomugariro wakapfava, unorerekera mirangariro, uchishatisa kariro yomuchengeti wesuo anotyisa.

Iyi mienzaniso inoratidzira kuti kubveruka kunobva mukusagadzikana pakati pebasa rinokarirwa rorudzi rwomunhu rusingadeyi kuonwa. Nokuda kwemifanikiso mikuru munhau dzazvino uno dzinorondedzerwa, nongedzero huru ye TV Trops ine zvose zviri zviviri mitoo nokushandura kwazvo.

Simba Rerwisano Yomukati Neyapashure

Rwisano ichinhu chinodzvinyirira umo rudzi rwearchetype runonyautsa nokuchinja. Munyori anofanira kugadzira dzvinyiriro idzo dzose dziri mbiri dzemamiriro ezvinhu nedzondangariro.

Kusawirirana Kwemukati: Hondo Iri Mukati

Kurwisana kwomukati hakusati kuchingova bedzi panikiro; ipokanidzo kuti vara harigoni kupedza pasina kuisa chimwe chinhu chinokosha. Mufemu anodavira zvikuru mururamisiro asi ari murudo nomumwe munhu ane mhaka youtsotsi hwakapfuura anorarama mumugariro wokuzviravira wenguva dzose. Mentor uyo akarasikirwa nokutenda muchinangwa asi anopfuurira kutungamirira mukuita musengwa kuchiita uchenjeri asi kusina maturo mukati. Hondo idzi dzomukati dzinoparira zvisarudzo izvo hakuna rudzi rukuru rwoga runogona kufungidzira. Kukura kwohunhu kunobuda mukunangana ndokubatanidza idzi rwisano.

Rwisano Yapanyika Sechiono, Kwete Chete Chete Chinovhiringidza

Zvinetso zvokunze zvinofanira kusarudzwa nokuti zvinomanikidzira kukwidza bhatani chairo. Njodzi yomusikirwo inozivisa kuvhunduka kwechienzi. Kutongwa kwedare kunoisa chibvumikiso cheungwa hwesimba uye kutsigira zvapachokwadi. Kurwisana kwakanakisisa kwokunze ndekwekufananidzira: imba yakakiyiwa ndeyemunhu ari oga; bhiriji rinokoromoka iroorano yomunhu anoputsika. Kana zviitiko zvechirongwa zviri zvionioni zvokufananidzira, zviito zvomunhu zvinopfuura kariro.

Kusawirirana Muukama: Chionioni Nechinopisa

Kupesana pakati pavatambi vanoda kuwirirana asi vasingagoni kumirana imhaka huru. Isa Hero parutivi peMento asingadi nenzira yake nokushingaira, kana kuti mumvuri unogoverana nharidzano nemubati asi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiana- siana. Uku kubatana kunomanikidzirwa kunoparira kurukurirano inoparira zvakavanzika zvinoparadza uye kuzivisa kutsemuka. Rwisano muukama harusi kungova bedzi nharo; ihondo yakanyarara yetendero inonyimwa, kurwadza kwedivi iro nyika dziri pedyo zvikuru nezvokwadi, mubatanidzwa unochinja simba.

Kubvisa Mazambiringa Pasina Revo Inorasikirwa

Kushatisa hakusati kuchingochinja kariro; kuri kuendesa zvokwadi huru kupfurikidza nokunyora mutoo. Trope yakashatiswa nokuda kwoukoshi hwokukatyamadza yoga inomonereka. Kushambadza kunofanira kuzivisa chimwe chinhu pamusoro pohunhu kana kuti nyika icho kushandiswa kwakananga kusingagoni.

Kuparadza nenzira inobudirira, kutanga kunzwisisa icho trope inorehwa kuita. “Damsel Munhamo” inowanzova mutungamiriri wezano nokuda kweHero. Kubvisa kupfurikidza nokuita musungwa nyanzvi yehondo, asi kupfurikidza nokuita kuti nunuro ive nguva ino “damsel” yakaziva kuti haana kubatwa nemhondi asi nenhau yaHero seasingagoni kuzvibatsira. Trope anova tsinhiro pasangano nenzwisiso.

Kubatanidza maarchetype ndiimwe shanduro ine simba. SaDokotela mu Mutambi uyo , anotungamirira apo anenge ari manyuko enyongano. Aro-Shadow, kufanana naJoe Goldberg mu ] Iwe [[FLT]] [[FLT]], unotevera chiteshi chamafashoni chemidhoni chinobva mukati mendangariro yehomicidal. Kuzivikanwa kwetut trip kunorwisana navo. Nokuda kwenhungamiro inoshanda pamiitiro yakacherekedzwa, [[FLTF:]]

Chinosunda kupandukira kune revo. Kana zviito zvomutambi zvichibva pachisakiso chakasiana, chakagamuchirwa zvikuru, kunyange chidhinha chomupimo chichinzwa chitsva. Mutsinhiro unotsiva uyo anowana kanganwiro haasati ari chinhu chazvino uno — kutoti kutoti kanganwiro iri iyo inoparadza upenyu hwake nemhaka yokuti inoparadzanisa nzanga bedzi inomugamuchira hasha. Chiito chinogona kuzivikanwa; muuyo wacho unofanira kuva unoshamisa.

Kugadzira Mavara Asingakanganwiki

Chiratidzo inzira yokuchinja kwomukati kunoenderana nechirongwa chokunze. Munhu wokutanga anoda kanhu kasingadikanwi kana kuti kasingadi hako.

Kuchinja Kunoenderana Nemutengo

Chinjo inofanira kuva inodhura. Chinjo yakananga apo mutambi anodzidza kuvimba zvakare inofanira kuvadyira chimwe chinhu — zvichida kurasikirwa nedeko rinozvidzivirira iro rakavasiya vari mungozi kuronda vaisatongoona vachiuya. Chiteshi chisina kunaka apo chifukidziro chinowira murima chakapinda muuipi husati huri uduku asi kunonoka, nhevedzano ine mufungo yokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uko vateereri vanodokuva vanonzwisisa. Chinjo inochinja pamusoro pezvinhu zvokutanga; varadzikira vanoda chimwe chinhu chakasiana pamugumo nemhaka yokuti nhau yacho yakabvumikisa kuva inoda kusakwanisika.

Kurondedzera Zvinangwa Zvinochinja

Chisarudzo chevatambi (kuhwina bhokisi, kuhwina sarudzo) injini yedare. Nharidzano yomukati (kuratidza kukosha, kuwana kuva kuripo) injini yechiratidzo. Sezvo nhau inopfuurira, vavariro yokunze ingasara asi revo yayo inochinja. Mutengi wokuwana anova muduku pamusoro pechinhu uye pamusoro pomubiyayo wavari kuedza kusarasikirwa. Mhindumupindu yenharidzano yacho inoratidza mhindumupindu yake. Kunyora iyi chinja pagirafiti — X-axis: zvinoitika zvapamberi, Y-axis: nzvimbo yokutanga iri mukati — inovimbisa chikwarati inooneka uye inowirirana.

Chisarudzo Sechinobhadhara Murangariro

Chinoguma chinowana mutengo wacho apo mugariro wokupedzisira wemutambi unopindura zvakananga mubvunzo wakabvunzwa pakuvamba. Kana nhau yacho ikatanga nomuHero uyo anodavira kuti anogona bedzi kudiwa kana iye ane simba, chisarudzo chinofanira kuratidza chinoitika apo iye anobvuma kuti chitendero kana kuti zvimwe chinochisimbisa pamutengo mukuru. Zvisarudzo zvokutsunga zvinogona kuva zvounyanzvi, asi ivo vachiri kupedza mirangariro. Vateereri vanofanira kunzwa kuti varavi racho rachinjwa nenzira isingachinjiki nerwendo rwacho, kunyange kana vakadzokera kunzvimbo imwe cheteyo.

Kuvaka Munhu Akanaka Pasi: Kurovedza Muviri Kunobatsira

Kuti unyatsodzidza izvi, edza kurovedza muviri kwakarongwa. Sarudza rudzi rwearchetype — zvichida Mentor. Ipapo, mumagazini, pindura zvinotevera pasina kunzvera mufungo:

  • Chinonyadzisa zvikurusa ndechipi? (Hazvisi chimwe chinhu chavakaita, asi chimwe chinhu chava [[[GURU: 0] i — vara ravanovanza.)
  • Mutambi uyu anenge ari oga, hapana anomboziva nezvenguva yaachasvika, anotora pikicha, anotamba kubvira pauduku hwavo.)
  • Inhemai dzinozviudza dzimene kuti vapedze zuva? (“Ndakasarudza ushoma uhu.)
  • Ndiani munhu mumwe uyo uyu Mentator haagoni kumira, uye nei (muite muduku uye mukuru panguva imwe cheteyo.)?
  • Unyanzvi husingapindirani zvachose nebasa razvo (Kugadzira maparera akaoma kunzwisisa, matekisi, madhindindi.)
  • Munhu uyu anganzwa sei kana akaseka semwana anenge arasikirwa neupenyu hwake hwose.

Zvino, nyora chiono chine mashoko 500 umo uyu Mentor anofanira kudzidzisa chidzidzo chinokosha, asi mudzidzi anonyandura nyadzi dzakavanzika dzaMentor munzira isingakarirwi. Chinoguma chaitika chichava chapfuura zvikuru mufananidzo wemazai. muitiro wacho unobvumikisa kuti kutaura ikoko kwakabva muchinhu chaicho, kwete mukuru mukuru wehondo.

Kusiyana Kunoita Mararamiro Netsika

Mashoko haasati achitanga nefungidziro isina kujeka. Kugadza zvimiro zvetsika, mipimo, uye fungidziro yokusaziva. Mentor inobva munzanga yomugwenga regwenga regwenga achapa zano kupfurikidza nemifananidzo yakasiana chose chose kupfuura mumwe kubva muhuru inopa mibairo yomuguta. Kana munyori akatanga noumambo husina kujeka, vara racho rinotonyangadzwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, rondedzera nzanga chaiyo nemitemo yayo isina kunyorwa. Muvara unoshandisa boka renzanga, tarisiro dzemhuri, kana kuti dzidziso yorudzidziso?

Mutauro, uyewo itsika. Kudzorwa kwemiitiro yokunyarara izviratidzo zvetsika dzinorarama. Kukwereta mitoo yemitauro inobva kutsika dzenyika chaiyo pasina kunyorwa kunoda kunzvera nokunzwira urombo. Kusawirirana kweNorth Carolina Writing Center kunotungamirira kukura kwounhu kunosimbisa ukoshi hwokunzvera mukuvaka mashoko etsika echokwadi. Kuisa mavara hausi mumugariro wapasi; ndichimwe chiratidzo, uye ukama hweprotagonist kuhurondedzera zvikuru chiziviso chavo.

mhedziso

Mukaha pakati pomufananidzo wemabhii newapakuvamba wakazadzwa nokuteerera. Zvinyorwa zvinopa vanyori mutauro unowirirana; kuraira kwokutanga kuti titaure mutauro iwoyo nenzwi risina kumbonzwa kare. Kupfurikidza nokuchera mushure chaiko, kurangarira nharo, kupesana, kushatisa nevavariro, uye kuronga zvikwangwani zvakadzika midzi muzvokwadi yendangariro, munyori anogona kuchinja rugwaro rwuri rwose rwuri papeji kubva kuareka. Mumutsetse weturo-ropeta usina kumbonzwa kare, vavariro yacho haisati iri kudzivisa mitoo yakananga asi kuita kuti ive munhu asina kuoma. Apo Hero anodzikamisa mberi uye vateereri vanoona basa rinongova bedzi asi munhu wavaiziva, atyiwa, kana kuti, nhau yacho inopfuura kuva chinhu chayo.