Chinjo Sengano Imwe: Nzira Iyo Mapfundo Makuru Akashandura Nayo Kuzvimirira kweAmerica

Hondo yeAmerica yemhindumupindu inomira seimwe nguva, yakakomba saga(a) imwe munhoroondo huru yorusununguko rwomunhu. Nguva dzayo dzinokosha hadzina kungosarudza bedzi jambwa renyika dzine gumi nenhatu asi dzakatumira katyamadzo mupasi rose, kunyandurazve hurumende, kunyandura chinjo, uye kuchinja pfungwa chaiyo yezvigadziko. Kunzwisisa kuti kuunganidzwa kwekumukira kwapakarepo kwakabatana mukuva chinoitika chenyika, tinofanira kunzvera mapfundo okuchinja kusava nechokwadi kuva kubudirira uye kupandukira kwehurumende kwaizova muenzaniso wenyika yose. Kuchinja kumwe nokumwe kwakachinja nzvimbo yemhoteredzo yakananga, uye pamwe chete kunoumba sei nhau youshingi yezvibvumirano, uye kutsungirira.

Dutu Rinounganidza: Mavambo Echinjo

Pakasvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi18, ukama pakati peGreat Britain namakoroni ayo eAmerica hwakanga hwave hwasimba mukusawirirana kwakakura. Pashure peHondo inodhura yeFrance neIndia (1754-1763), Britain yakatsvaka kutsiva mari yayo kupfurikidza nokuisa mitero nemiraudzo nemitemo (Sugar Act, Stamp, uye Townshend Acts Greater. Macronenti, akashairwa muParamende, akadzivisa zvakakomba zvakakomba nheyo ye “mutero pasina kumirira.” Zvibvumirano, vakomana, uye zvimurenga-mhoshonga zvakaputika, zvinoshamisa zvikurusa muBoston Maston ye 1770 neBoston Party ye 1773. Mupote yeChipomendero, yakapfuudza Coercracts , yakakurumbira zvikuru muAmerica seanogona kudzora Massachusetts. Parameokswo padzokeserose, uye kupfiga zvibvumirano zvehondo zvakapfuutswa.

Kutendeuka Chikamu 1: Lexington naConcordal – The Shot Aged Round the World

Nhano yokutanga isingachinjiki yokuzvimirira yakaitika pana April 19, 1775. Nhano dzenguva dzose dzeBritain dzakafamba kubva kuBoston kuzotora migove yehondo yakachengetwa muConcord. Yakanyeverwa navatasvi kubatanidza Paul Revere naWilliam Dawes, varwi vomunzvimbomo vakaungana paLexington Green. Masimba masimba akaputika mupfuti. Mapfumo akaputika ndokupinda mupfuti. Pazuva, varwi vanopfura vanosvika 88 vafa. British yakamanikidzira kuConcord, kuzosangana bedzi nokudzivisa kurwisana neNorth Bridge, apo varwi vakamanikidzira kudzokera kudzokera shure kuBoston inokatyamadza 16. Vamirieti vadzoke. Pakasvika chiverengero chavarwi vanorwi vehurumende vanopfuura 4 000 vakanga vagona kuratidzira, vachiparira kuurayana kupfumba kusingakwaniki. Kuparadzana kupi nokusingagumi kwehondo kwavagari vemo vomunyika yose yehondo kwakakwana. Ralphlson Belson Lavelley gareverley gare gare gare gare gare gare gare gare gare gare gare gare, vaigona kubvumikisa kubvumikisa kubvumikisa kuva varwi varwi

Kuchinja Kwokutanga: Chiziviso Chokuzvimirira – Injini Yetsika Nenyanzvi Dzefilosofi

Kana Lexington naConcordad vakaita hondo chaiyoiyo, Chiziviso Chorusununguko chakagovera budiriro yacho yetsika neuzivi. Chakagamuchirwa neContinental Congress pana July 4, 1776, chinyorwa, chakarongwa zvikurukuru naThomas Jefferson, chakaita zvinopfuura kugura batano dzezvamatongerwe enyika neBritain; chakaratidzira chiono chapose pose chekodzero dzavanhu. Kuwana mirangariro yavanhu veNzvero yeNzvero seJohn Locle, Chibvumirano chakasimbisa kuti “vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana” nekodzero dzisingachinjiki ku“ Upenyu, Rusununguko nokurondwa kwoMufarwa” uye kuti hurumende dzinowana “masimba adzoro adzoro kubva mubvumirano yokutongwa.” Kupfurikidza nokurwisa kupfurikidza nokusarwisana kwehondo. Kutevera kurwisana kwechinjowo zvayo somutero wokupandukira mukurumbira wezvamatongerwe enyika zvechiNgeri, uye kupfurikidza nokutsigira kupfurikidza nokutsigira kupfurikidza nehurumende zvechinjo yechiNgeriso. Chiregoso chapasi chakapa chirego chamasimba chire. Chire. Chiretso chaMabva chika chaipa chikashanyiri cha

Chimiro Cha 3: Hondo yaSaratoga – Hinge yoRukundo

Gakava rakasiyiwa nerwisano kusvikira pamunakamwe wa177, apo Hondo dzeSaratoga muruwa rweNew York dzakapa rukundo runoshamisa rweAmerica urwo rwakashandura hondo yose. Urongwa hweBritain hwakanangidzirwa kuparadzanisa New England kupfurikidza nokutora Hudson River. Mukuru mukuru John Burgoyne akatungamirira hondo huru kumaodzanyemba kweCanada, achikarira kubatana nedzimwe shongwe dzeBritain. Panzvimbo pezvo, akazviwana amene achizviwana amene akabatanidzwa nehondo yake inodzorwa namauto eAmerica muOctomagrands, Benective Arnobyth, naDanice Morgan. Pashure pokurwa kwakakomba paHhost Farm’s Farm (Stepy neBemis Racer, anotambura zvikuru muhondo yenyika yose, uye mukurwisana nemari, muFrance, mupasi perejinga yakakwirira, uye mubatanidzwa muhondo, akawana simba renyika yose, uye muuyo mukuru wehondo, akawana muFrance, uye muuyo mukuru wehondo, wakawana muFrance, uchitsigira simba renyika yose.

Kuchinja Nhengo 4: Valley Forge – Kudzorwa

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, mukati mechando cha 177-1778, inoyeukwa zvishoma nokuda kwehondo pane kutamburira nokuchinja. Pashure pokurasikirwa nePhiladelphia kuBritain, Mutungamiriri wehondo George Washington’s Continal Army akadzoka kumusasa, umo varwi vakatarisana nenhambo yakashata nenguvo dzisina kukwana, pokuvanda, uye kuperevedza kwezvokudya kusingaperi. Zvirwere, zvikurukuru typhus neritis, zvakada kuva 2 000, zvakapinda muchirimo chapapo cha 1778, hondo yakanga yakasiana zvikuru nesimba rapambwa rakasvika. Murwi wehondo akanga ari Rriedriedhelhelhel Streng, von Been, muProle, mukuru mukuru mukuru wehondo uyo akazvipira mabasa ake akazvipira nokurovedza muviri wake akaoma zvikuru. Vteudheonben yakadzorwa mumiteve, uye musasa wehondo, uye unowedzera kuganza mitoo yehondo yapamhiko.

Kuchinja Kwomusi wa5: Siege of Yorktown – Chinoitika Chokupedzisira

Denho yokupedzisira yehondo yakauya mumunakamwe wa 1781 paYorktown, Virginia. Mukuru mukuru weBritain Charles Cornwallis, apedza nhimbe muCarolinas, akaendesa hondo yake kuchamhembe kuVirginia Peninsula, achitanga nzvimbo yakasimbiswa pedyo neRwizi rwa York. Washington, akabata nzvimbo, yakaronga kushanda kwakatanhamara nemauto eFrance. Mauto eFrance pasi peAdmiral de Grasse akadzika muganhu de Corn Bay, akavamba pa September 28. Magennake Bay, achidzivisa mauto eBritain, nepo mauto eFrance akabatanidzwa anosvika ku 1000, kupfuudzana kwechipfura, kupfuvura kwapa makomo eFrance kwakatungamirira kukunda kweCombeault, uye kupfuvura kwapasi penyika yehondo kwakakurumbira zvikuru kwaMabva kuMabva kuMabvazuva amwe. Kumwe kuMabvazuva anosvika 198, kuMabva kuAmerica, anongo-40, anobvumirwa nokupfupika kukuru kwehondo kupfurikidza nokupfuvura kukuru kwehondo kupfuvura kukuru kweRoma. Kubva kweRoma kupfuurira kupfuurira kupfuurira

Kuparara Kwenyika Dzose: Kurwira Umambo Munyika Yose

Kuri nyore kurangarira Rrevolution Hondo senhau yeAmerica bedzi, asi kubatanidzwa kwamasimba eEurope kwakakudziridza rwisano kuva hondo yenyika yose. France, Spain, neDutch Republic ose akaona banza rokunzvera udzori hweBritain. Spain yakazivisa hondo paBritain muna 1779, kwete zvikurukuru kubetsera kutorazve Gibraltar neFlorida; mauto ayo akakwikwidza mauto muGulf Coast ne Missississippi Valley, achikunda Baton Rouge nePensaco. Dutch, yakakweverwa nerwisano yeBritain mukurwisana nengarava dzavo, yakawedzera dzvinyiriro yengarava. Britain zvino yaifanira kudzivirira zvinhu zvayo muCaribbean, India, uye chiNgezi, achiparadzira hondo yayo yakatetepa. Iyi nzvimbo yehondo yenyika yose yakashanda sechikamu chikurusa yeRtoto York, inodzongonyeresa mari yadzorwa nokudzorwa kwehondo dzinodzorwa muhondo dzinodzorwa.

Kupfuura Nzvimbo Yehondo: Zvinetso Zvenzanga Nezvamatongerwe Enyika

Miuyo yorukundo rweAmerica yakasvika kure kupfuura miganhu yeUnited States itsva. Chiziviso Chorusununguko chakava mutsigiri nokuda kwerwisano dzakatevera, zvikurukuru kuchipesvedzera Chinjo yeFrance (1789) uye Chinjo yeHaiti (1791-184). Mutauro wacho pakodzero dzomusikirwo wakawanikwa mumibato yeLatin America yezvimirimo mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi19, uchitungamirirwa naSimón Bolívar naJosé de San Martín. Kunyange mukati meUnited States, mirangariro yechinjo inonyandura rwisano pamusoro pouranda, maruramiro avakadzi, uye rusununguko rwerudzidziso, zvakasima mbeu dzechinjo dzenguva yemberi. Zvinjo dzechinjo dzechinjo dzechinjo dzechinjo. Zvibvumirano zvacho kupfurikidza nokuedza kwechinjo dzehondo dzakaramba zvichidzorwa kwehurumende yenyika itsva, izvo Hurumende dzenyika itsva uye kubuda muhurumende yehurumende yehurumende yenyika itsva dzakarega kutsigira kubetsera kutsigira upfumi. Murangariro mukuru wacho “mumwe murangariro wokuzvidzodzodzorodzorwa. Mushoridzoro mukuru mukuru mukuru wekutsigira . Kutsigira . Kutsigira

Mabasa Avakadzi, vaAmerica veAfrica, uye vaIndia vokuAmerica

Rupanduko rwakanga rusina kurwiwa bedzi navarwi vechichena. Vakadzi vakapa savateveri vomusasa, vakoti, uye tsori; nhamba dzakafanana naAbhigail Adams vakatsvaka kodzero dzavakadzi, uye Martha Washington vakachengeta tsika paValley Forge. VaAmerica vose vari vaviri, vakasununguka navaranda, vakabatira muContinational Army neNavy, vachitsvaka rusununguko pauranda. Vanhu vazhinji vakapinzwa muuranda vakaona British savasununguri, sokupa kuvana vadzori, sezvo vaBritish vakapa avo vakapukunyuka vatengi vavo; zviuru vairwira British murusununguko, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji gare gare gare gare vakadzoserwa kana kuti vadzoreswa muNova Scotia neSierra Leone. MaIndia okuAmerica akatungamirira kupfurikidza nemhindu huru huru yenhamo mumugariro wavanhu vanotambura zvikuru mupasi penyika inopfuvura mungozi. VaAmerica vanoparira nguva zhinji kupfurikidza navanotambura zvikuru. Vareveridzi vanopa mhoshoridzodzodzodzodzo kupfurikidza.

Nhaka Yacho: Kuvaka Kwakaita Mapfundo Akachinja Republic

Tichirangarira Rmhindumupindu Hondo sechikamu chimwe chete chakakwana netsauko dzinobatanidzwa, zvinosimbisa kunzwisisa kwedu kuti nhambo yokuchinja imwe neimwe yakatsamira sei pane dzimwe. Lexington naConcordad vakanyandura moto; Chiratidzo chakaupa revo; Saratoga akakunda mubatanidzwa mukuru; Valley Forge yakava nehondo inokwanisa kukunda; uye Yorktown yakabudisa denho yokupedzisira. Yakabatanidza pamwe chete, iyi nhambo dzinoratidzira kuti chinjo yakanga isiri mhedziso yeimwe asi nhambo ine ngozi yezvinoitika umo kuwirirana, utungamiriri, uye kupindira kwamamwe marudzi kwakaita mibato. Hondo yakarambawo donzo reConstitution of 1787, apo vapfuumbi vanorwisana naidzodzo inopfuvura muidzo inopfuvura muidzo huru. Rukudzo rwehondo runobvumirawo rumwe rudzi rwenyika yose. Rumutongedzero rwehondo dzinopfuurengurira kupfurikidza naidzo dzinopfumisa, dzinopfuurira kupfurikidza nemhizha rwavanhu vose. [F.BF.]