Kuva kera, umugenzo wa White Lotus wagiye ufatwa ko ari isoko ryihishe ryihishe ryihishe, rifite intego imwe y'impamyabumenyi. Mu by’ukuri, ugereranya itsinda ry'umwuka n'iry'imibanire ryabayeho mu binyejana byinshi by'amateka y'Abashinwa, ribumbwe n'imyifatire y'ubutware igenda irushaho gukunga ubumwe, kandi rinanirana n'imyifatire y'idini n'imyifatire, ariko nanone rigomba gukomeza gutuma abantu barushaho kwagukanya kandi bakarushaho kunga ubumwe.

Amafatiro y’idini n’ay’inyigisho z’Imitekerereze

Imyigishirize ya White Lotus ntiyaturutse ku kintu kigaragara. Byavanye mu bintu byaturutse ku mihati y'ububuda, imikorere y'igihe kirekire, na Ibyinjiye bya Manichaeus, biyivangamo isezerano rikomeye ry'agakiza. , wihariye yari Nyina w'Uhoraho (Muhindi Lawomu), umubyeyi w’Imana wari waremye abantu kandi ubu akaba yari ababajwe n'imibabaro yatewe n'ubutegetsi bwononekaye. Abazeraga bari biteze kuza kwa Maitreya Budha, uwari kuza kwinjiza mu isohore ryunganishwa ry'isi yose.

Great Ming Kode yo mu kinyejana cya 15 yabuzanyije itsinda ry'abayoboke rya White Lotus, ariko iryo tegeko ryatumye rirushaho kwiyongera. Abigishwa bateranira hamwe mu duce duto, duhishwe, akenshi nijoro kugira ngo bajye baririmba imirongo y'Ibyanditswe, bakora imyitozo yo guhumeka, kandi bagire ibyo beretswe. Inyigisho zatsindagirizaga ko kugira isuku mu by’umuco, kurya imibiri n'imfashanyo, kubera ko izo ngirabuzimafatizo zitari zifite itsinda ry'abayobozi, imigenzo yari isanzwe.

Amateka y'imimerere n'ibya gihanga

Bya na. i, A Bya Ibyatoranyijwe,, na i. i, i, i, i, i, i, i, na i Impera: hagati,, na A Bya Umurimo, ku,, na i Urwego: Bya Abakoresha.

, imihangayiko y'iby’ubukungu yonyine, ntisobanura ukuntu itsinda rikomeza. Byabaye ihuriro ry'inyungu y'ibintu n'iry'iby’umwuka byatumye abayoboke baryo bagirana imishyikirano ikomeye mu byiyumvo. Isezerano ry'ibyahishwe ryihuse, rikurikiwe n'ubutegetsi bw'amahoro bw'imyaka igihumbi, ryatanzwe, OYA ihumure ahubwo uburyo bufatiweho. Mu gihe imyivumbagatanyo yashyizweho na leta yagabanyije imidugududugudududududududuko, abayobozi b'umuhinzi wa Letu washoboraga gutangira ibyo bitero nk'ishya, bibaye ishyarizo by’isi nshya, bigatumamosozo bya gisirikare bihinduka uburyo bwo guharanira kurokoka.

Ubutware n’ubutware bufite imbaraga nyinshi

Ubuyobozi muri i Umweru, nta na rimwe bwashyizwe mu i; bwishingikiriza hafi ku ingufu ya maginete ya buri mwayobozi. Aba ba ba maginete — bitwa "" Cyangwa "Abayobozi b'abahanga" — bashyikirana na Nyina na nyokodakubiri na ubushobozi bwo gukiza abarwayi, na. Ubutware bwabo bwarenzwe mu i: i Igihe abayoboke batakaza ukwizera mu i. Umuyobozi wananiwe kugera ku A, Cyangwa yagaragaye ko ari nk'umuserekezi, yashoboraga gusigwa.

Abayobozi b'aho batangije imyanya ishyize mu gaciro hagati y'ubwigomeke bw'isi na Imyifatire. Byagombaga kwemeza abigishwa babo ko i Igihe cy'imana gifite agaciro kitajegajega, mu gihe gitunganya impamyabumenyi y'ibifungurwa, Gutegura intwaro, na Gufatanya na Amatsinda y'Abayobozi. Imishinga ibiri yaremwe ku buryo bwo kugorana mu byiyumvo. Urugero, Wang Lun, wayoboye mu buryo bw'agahenge mu buryo bwihisho n'igihe gito, ibyigomeke byakozwe mu buryo bwihishwe, byatangiye nk'ubwishingirwa n'ubwihisho bwiyubashye, igihe umwigisha n'umutuzo.

Uburyo bw’Imbaraga zo mu Buryo bw’Umwuka n’Iy’Inyamaswa

Inzego z'ubutware zikomeza, ni mu gusubiza hamwe inkomoko z'ishyaka n'ihinduka ryaryo ryo kwigomeka mu gihe runaka. Inyandiko z'abazungu za mbere zatsindaga ko kudarwana, gutamba, no kongera gushyirwaho. Ariko uko imyitwarire ya leta yagendaga irushaho kwiyongera, abahanga bamwe na bamwe bakomeye bashinja abayobozi b'amategeko banze intambara ikiranuka yo guhumanya isi y'abadayimoni —⁠ bisobanura abakuru n'abasirikare bakoreraga imyanya y’amahanga. Iyo nyandiko ya tewolojiya yatangije amacakubiri agamije kurinda imihango irangwa n'imyifatire iharanira ubwikurire. Irushanwa hagati y'ibyo byombi byerekanywe ntibyigeze bikemurwa mu buryo bwuzuye, kandi ntiyigeze igaruka mu imyivumbagano ikomeye y’Abazungu.

Indyane z’imbere mu muntu n’imyifatire ye

Imyifatire ikwiriye ya White Lotus mu gihe kimwe, yakomeje kwihangana kandi ishyigikira kwirema ibice byayo. Bidahuje n'ubutware bwemewe, impaka z'inyigisho zashoboraga kwiyongera zigahinduka amacakubiri y'impimbano y'ibanze. Amatsinda y'i Henan yakundaga gushimangira amategeko y'ifunguro n'ubuseriba, yizera ko kuba isuku ry'umubiri ari ngombwa kugira ngo ireheshe igikundiro cya Nyina w'iteka. Hagati aho, imidugudugudugudu y'i Sichuan yashyize agaciro gakomeye cyane ku miryango y'abaturanyi hamwe n'ubuhinzi bunze, babona ko kuba ari bwo buryo bw'ibanze bw'ukwizera.

. Byoherejwe. J. By' imbere A, Igikubo ya: i, Bya Cyangwa ya: Bwite. i Kuri Kinini - Ingano: Igikorwa. J. By' imbere Birenzeho Kuri i Na:, i i Utudirishya. [[: 0% S] ku i [:] i Bya i Kuri Gukaraga Kuva: Na:, A.

Imyifatire y’Ibyago n’Imbaraga Birebana n’Imipaka

By' imbere ni Birenzeho i I impaka z' i Koresha Bya UMWIKUBE. Nka i, A Inzego na in - Kuri., i, Icyo ari cyo cyose Nka i Bya i. i in, Amatsinda Cyangwa ATARIIGIHARWE Na: Kuri Hasi Utudirishya. Igisubizo A Biturutse ku i, Nka na

Abazungu babaye Abahanzi (1796 - 1804)

Imyivumbagatanyo y'Abazungu ni yo tsinda ry'ubwigomeke n'itsinda ry'ibiro bibarirwa mu bihumbi by'ubwoko bwa politiki.

Nubwo bingana, i Nta na rimwe ni A. nka Qi Wangshi na Yao Zfu, banze gufatisha ibitero bya hafi, cyangwa bagafatanya ibikoresho. Byavanywemo na A Isosiyeti yahawe ingororano z'ubutwari bwahanuwe ku iteguriro. command ehejuru, mbere na mbere, ku itangira ku ingufu y'itsinda ry'amategeko, na ikoresha “ihinagura na". Bya Byavuye ku isi biruhije.

A Incamake Bya i Ingano:, [[: 0% S] Icyinjijwe ku i [[: 1], i Urufunguzo Ibyabaye na ku.

Ubutware bwananiwe kandi butakaza uburyo buhebuje bwari bufite

Imyivumbagatanyo yashyize ahabona ukuntu abayobozi b’amadini bashoboraga kuba mu buryo bworoshye cyane. Abatware benshi b’abigometse bigose n’abayoboke b’imyifatire yabo byemezaga ko ari ibyifuzo byabo bidatunganye, bakirengagiza raporo z’abahanga zihereranye n'imiryango y'abasirikare. Akenshi amahitamo yabaga ashingiye ku bupfumu aho gusesengura gahunda y'ibihanga. Iyo umutware yagwaga mu ntambara, abigishwa be batataniye mu myanya, badafite uburyo na bumwe bw'ubutware.

Ibyateye agahinda cyane, ni ukunanirwa gukora itsinda ry' Kwambukiranya na Itsinda ry'Ikirenga. Umujyi wo muri ako karere washoboraga gusenya na ba ntwari bo mu karere k'iwabo, ariko imvugo n'ishyirahamwe byayo byavumburwaga n'abakuru bize. Nta buhanga bw'ubutegetsi bwo gutegeka ifasi yafashwe, ingufu zikomeza kwigomeka, zikomeza kubaho iteka ryose, zireka gusahura, bityo zikareka guturanya abo banyamunyamunyamunyamuryango bavugaga ko bazivanye.

Bashakisha gushyira mu gaciro mu birebana n’inyigisho n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi

Itsinda ry'Abahinzi ryakomeje itsinda: hagati na isi, hagati ihingwa ry'imbere ry'ibanga na ishakiro ry'inyuma ry'ubutabera, na hagati i ibiranga n'ibice na i darma. Ishakisha ryanonosoye imyitozo ya buri munsi. Imyitozo yo gutekereza yakorewe kugira ngo ihuza qi, ingufu z'ingirakamaro, mu gihe imihango y'ihuriro y'ihuriro ry'itsinda n'ibyagiye bihinduka mu kirere. Karande y'imyibaro y'ivuka ry'Imana, itangiraho kuba ibyiciro bigufi by'umuhimbo, bitanga ishusho y'umushongiriro.

Intambara, mu bya tewolojiya y’Abahite, yasobanuwe ko ituruka ku kudatekana —⁠ kandi guhumanya kwatewe n’umururumba w’abategetsi bari barasenye imishyikirano ikwiriye hagati y’abantu n’imiterere y’ibidukikije. Ku bw’ibyo, kwigomeka ntikwari igikorwa cya gipolitiki gusa, ahubwo kwari inshingano yera yo gusubizaho gahunda y'ikirere. Iyo myizerere yahaga ababyitabiriye icyizere cyatumye abantu barushaho kwigendera ku isukura ry’umwuka.

Imyifatire y’Umuyoboke w’Amadini

Kuri umuyobozi usanzwe, itondeka ryashyizwemo amategeko agenga imyitwarire. Kuva: Kwica, kwiba, kwiyandarika, no kwitwara mu buryo bw'ubwiyandarike, byagaragariyeho amategeko agenga ingufu y'uruhererekane, ariko bisubizwamo mu irembo ry'inyandiko y'agateganyo iri hafi. Abayobozi bizeraga ko abakomeza kuba abatanduye bari kuzakusanywa mu “Inama y'Abarimo Mpururuko,” paradizo aho Mama w'iteka yakwakira abana be bwite. Iryo gutozwa ry'imyifatire y'ikiremwamuntu, iyo isohoza, isohoza isosiyete y'ingirwa, isoko, ibyemezwa, na abapfakazi n'imfubyifu, birema leta y'agaherwe, aho umutware w’ubutegetsi bwihuse.

Nanone kandi, abarimu batanze umuburo wo kwirinda ubwibone, ubwibone, n’ibyifuzo byo kuba icyamamare byo mu isi —⁠ ni ukuvuga ibishuko byashuka umuyobozi w’isi bisuka mu irari ry’uburanga. Imyifatire iri hagati y’umuntu w’umutururu w’ihumure w’ihumure n’imyifatire yo guharanira guhirika igitugu nta na rimwe yashobotse, ariko yazanye ikiganiro cy’imbere cy’abantu bo mu bizenguru binyuriye mu imyifatire y’imyifatire y’abaturagezo yo mu gihe cyashize igihe cyashize, igaragaza ko abasenganyi b’i Burayi b’i Burayi b’i Burayi bashyiragande mu Bwami bw’iburyo, kandi ko bakandamizwaho abantu bakandamizwa mu buryo buke mu buryo bwo gushyiriranyambaga no kwigome.

Umurage, Ishyaka n’Ukwemeza Ibintu Muri Iki Gihe

, na na Bya Muteguro,,, na Bya Mushya. ,, na Bya i Bya i Bya i.,,, na.,, na Bya i Bya i Bya i.

Bya i Nyuma Amatsinda ya kidini, [: 0% S] ku Ibanga Ishyirahamwe [[: 1]] Bya i Bya Kwambukiranya.

na Imitozo Bya i. umuteguro ku NYACYO A na By' imbere. Ubutyosoye in ni A ya: Imibanire: ya: ya:, ni ku By' imbere external. A MAHARAKUBIRI - Bya kure: i Kuri Igikorwa.

, i Isomo ryimbitse, ni in i Ishyira mu gaciro. i Ihangiro ry'ibanze:. ni OYA A Kuri Gukemura Rimwe na Byose,, Gusubizaho mu buryo buhoraho. Abayobozi b'ibirwa byo mu rwego rw'ibanze, uburyo butarimo, bwashoboye kubungabunga imibanire y'abantu mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo y'uburetwa. Abaruhije inyigisho zihamye, cyangwa abaretse guhana igihano cy'umuco ku bw'ubutware, biburiza vuba na vuba. Inkuru y'umweru ya Lotus itwibutsa ko ubutware nyakuri bushinze imizi mu bushobozi bwo gufata ibintu binyuranyije na kamere mu byihariye — ibyifuzo na isi, ibyinjijwe n' itsinda, inkota na i.

Umwanzuro: Indorerwamo ihuje n’igihe turimo

Itsinda ry'Abahitemu ryabaye itsinda ryihuta, rivuguruzanya, kandi rifite ibintu byimbitse bizwi cyane abantu. Ryatumye habaho ibikorwa by’ubutwari butangaje n'ibikorwa by'ibikorwa by'ubugome biteye ubwoba. Ryatangaga ijwi ku bantu badafite ijwi ryihariye, ariko nanone ribazima. Abayobozi baryo bari abarozi n’abapfumu, abashinjacyaha n’abashinjacyaha. Muri ibyo byose, itsinda ryiyemeje indoto y'uburebere, nta na rimwe ryihiteje, kandi ntabwo rishobora kuzimya; izo nzozi, uko ari zo zitototejwe, zihanganye n'ingozi, abantu bose: kugira ngo tubone ubumwe, ubutabera n'uburenganzira bw’isi dutuyemo. Mu kwiga iby’abazungu, ntituba twigira gusa itsinda ry’inyenyeri.