Maseŵera ochepa anthanthi ayambitsa mkangano wa ufisi monga Tsogolo la Imfa. Pamwamba pake, nkhani ya Light Yagami ndi kutulukira kwake koikidwiratu kwa buku la zinthu zachilendo ndi zachiwonetsero za chiwonetsero chachikoka, ndi za m'bat-move pakati pa mpulumutsi wamkulu ndi msilikali wamkulu wa dziko. Ngakhale kuti pansi pa mlingo wake pali mawu apamwamba anthano amene amachokera mwachindunji ku mwambo wa anthu. Kupyo, machenjera ake, ndi kusasinthika, [[FLT:] Luso lodziŵa za imfa [FLD:3] [FLT] [oct:3] limakhala nkhani yophunziridwa m’khalidwe la munthu wofanana ndi Jean - Startre, Albertenney, ndi Syneonce, de Brouble; mfundo zake sizilingopezeka m’nkhanies, ndi zolembedwa ndi olemba la olemba la anthu olemba la imfa, omwe ali otchuka kwambiri, ndipo opezeka ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndipo opezeka ndi opezeka ndi opezeka ndi ogwidwa ndi ogwidwa ndi

Kukhulupirira Kuti Zinthu Zilipo: Kutchulapo Mwachidule

University ndi gulu la filosofi limene limaika chidziŵitso cha munthu wokhalako pachiyambi cha kufufuza. Kumachokera ku kuzindikira kuti chilengedwe chonse sichikhala ndi tanthauzo loikidwiratu, kuti kukhalapo kunayamba kuchitika, ndi kuti anthu ali omasuka kwambiri kudzilongosola okha kupyolera mwa zosankha zawo. Zoyambirira monga Søn Kierkegaard zinagogomezera kupsinjika maganizo kwa munthu mwini poyang'ana ku chidetso, pamene kuli kwakuti kulengeza kwa Friedrich Nietzer kwa imfa ya Mulungu kunawononga maziko a makhalidwe abwino. M’zaka za makumi aŵiri, Sarregetatate matanthauzo ameneŵa, kunena kuti “tiyenera kukhala aufulu [1] ndi kuti tili ndi mlandu wonse wa kukhala ndi amene tili. Kalmusmusmu, ngakhale kuti n’ngosiyana ndi kutsutsana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kuthekera kwathu pakati pa chilengedwe ndi kuthamalingaliro athu. [5]

Zimene Zinalembedwa m’Chikalata Chosonyeza Kuti Mulungu Aliko

Kuchokera pa kanthaŵi ka Light Yagami atenga Death Tchnore, dziko lake lachotsedwa zopeka zotonthoza za makhalidwe olandiridwa. Bukulo silimabwera ndi buku lofotokoza za chilungamo; limapereka mphamvu yongoyerekezera , ndipo munthuyo amafa. Kachitidwe kalikonse kakuchokera ku kulengedwa kwa Lumic. Imeneyi ndi yokhalako yolembedwa: wokhulupirira zinthu zopanda pake amene afunikira kukhazikitsa lamulo lake. Mndandandawo umalunjikitsa mosamalitsa zotulukapo za kupangidwako, kuvumbula zonse ziŵiri kutchuka ndi kuwopsa kwa kudziimira.

Kulemera kwa Ufulu Wopambana

Sartre akufotokoza kuti “kupeputsa kutsogolera chibadwa cha munthu” kumatanthauza kuti palibe chibadwa chotsimikizirika, palibe mafotokozedwe aumulungu odziŵira chifuno chathu. Timaponyedwa, ndipo pambuyo pake timadzilongosola ife eni kupyolera m'maprojekiti athu ndi zosankha. Light Yagami ndi fanizo langwiro. Patsogolo pa pepala, iye ali wophunzira wanzeru koma wonyong'onyeka wapamwamba, wofotokozedwa ndi lingaliro losadziŵika bwino kuti dziko nlovunda. Imfa imampatsa mphamvu ya kuchitapo kanthu pa malingaliro amenewo, ndipo mwakutero, iye amayang'anizana ndi kulemera konse kwa ufulu wa kukhalapo. Kupha kulikonse kuli chosankha chaufulu chimene chimatsimikizira kudzidziŵikitsa kwake. Iye saali mulungu wa chilengedwe; iye amakhala woyesayesa kukhala mulungu mmodzi mwa dala.

Komabe ufulu umenewu umamgwira iye. Kuunika mwamsanga kumazindikira kuti kuleka kupha kukakhala kuvomereza kuti ntchito yake yonse inali yopanda pake, kuti “dziko latsopano” iye akulingalira kuti ndilo njira yakeyake yodzilungamitsa. Nkhaŵa Kierkegaard yofotokozedwa kukhala “kudzipatsa ufulu . Kuzindikira kuti palibe chimene kunja kwa iye mwini chidzatsimikizira zochita zake. M’malo mwa kubwerera, Kuunika kumaŵirikiza, kunyamula mtolo ndi kupanga lingaliro lomveka bwino lolungamitsa kupha kwake. Imeneyi ndi njira yapadera ya kudzisungira kwa chilengedwe, koma imakhala ndi mthunzi. Sarre analemba kuti posankha tokha, timasankha anthu onse; timasankha chithunzi cha anthu onse. Kuunika kuli lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi kumene angachotsere ufulu wa anthu. Kuunika kuli lamulo lamphamvu.

Kudalirika ndi Chikhulupiriro Choipa

Makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri ndiwo kusiyana pakati pa kukhala ndi moyo moona mtima . Kudzipangira ufulu ndi udindo . Ndi kuloŵa m'chikhulupiriro choipa ( manuise foi]), mkhalidwe wa kudziimira kumene anthu amayesa kukhala opanda ufulu. mulungu wa kuunika angaŵerengedwe monga kapangidwe kake kabwino koipa. Iye mobwerezabwereza amadziuza kuti iye ndi “chilungamo,” kuti amachita zinthu zabwino, kuti alibe chosankha chifukwa chakuti dziko limafuna mpulumutsi. Izi zimakana ufulu wake. Iye amachita ngati kuti iye ndiye wasankha, m’malo mwake amasankha. Sarn Saren: wachita zinthu mwapadera.

Mosiyana, L, wapolisi wotchuka padziko lonse, amasonyeza unansi wosamvetsetseka ndi kuwona. L amadziŵa kuti kulondola kwake Kira kuli ntchito yaumwini, wosonkhezeredwa ndi chidwi chaluntha ndi kunyada monga ndi chikhumbo cha chilungamo. Sanena kuti ali wolankhula wa chowonadi chenicheni, ndi kuona mtima kwake kosayenera , kudya zotsekemera mopambanitsa, kumasonyeza kukumbatira kwa iye mwini wosafuna kutchuka. Samapanga zifukwa za njira zake, ndipo m’lingaliro limenelo, amakhala pafupi ndi lingaliro la munthu wodzidalira pa zinthu zachilendo. Komabe L nayenso ali wogwidwa m’maseŵera a nyawu, akumasonyeza munthu wina wosiyana pamene akudzitetezera yekha. Ching'onong'onong’ono cha imfa yake pa chisonyezero chopambana cha chikhulupiriro.

Mphekesera ya Chidziŵitso China

Umboni wa kukhalapo kwa munthu umagogomezera kuti nzeru yathu ya kudziyang'ana imaumbidwa m'kulimbana ndi ena. Sartre lingaliro la “maonekedwe” limanyamula mmene kuyang'ana kwa Wina amatilozera, kutisandutsa ife kuchokera ku munthu waulere kukhala chinthu cholongosoka. Mphamvu yonse pakati pa Kuunika ndi L ili nkhondo ya kuyang'ana. Aliyense amayesa kukhazikitsa umunthu wa wina: L alengeza kuti “Light Yagami ndi Kira,” akuyesa kuchotsa Kuwala kwa nyawu yake, pamene Kuuniza imafuna kuwononga munthu amene akuona kupyolera mwa chithunzi chake chaumulungu. Chifuno chawo sichiri chabe nzeru koma cha sayansi, kulimbana ndi kulamulira nkhani ya munthu amene amaŵerengera kukhala chida.

Kudziŵika kwa kuunika kumadalira kwambiri pa kuzindikira ena. Iye amakhumba kulambira; amafuna dziko kumvomereza monga mulungu. Imeneyi ndi msampha weniweni wa kukhala ndi moyo kwa Ena . Ufulu wake umaperekedwa ku mphamvu ya kunja imene siingakwaniritsidwe. Pamene Pafupi ndi Mello avumbula, kugwako kumatheratu: mulungu wake amazimiririka, ndipo amakhala woopa, womvetsa chisoni. Nthaŵi ya kuonekera ndiyo kutsimikizira komaliza, ndipo kusweka kwa Light kumasonyeza kulephera kwa kuchirikiza ntchito ya udani pamaso pa zinthu zenizeni.

Chikoka Chofutukuka ndi Chifuno cha Kulamulira

Light Yagami amayerekezeredwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi Žbermensch wa Nietzsch, masomphenya amene amapanga mapindu ake kupyola pa zabwino ndi zoipa zamwambo. Pamwamba, kufanana kwake nkwamphamvu: Kuunika kumakana “makhalidwe aukapolo” a chitaganya chimene chimatetezera apandu, ndipo amaika mpambo watsopano wa makhalidwe abwino kupyolera mwa mphamvu ya kufuna kwake. Komabe, kuŵerenga kwakuya kumalingalira kuti iye amalephera kukwaniritsa zabwino. Nietzsche amalephera kukwaniritsa moyo wake weniweni . Iye nthaŵi zonse amalondola lingaliro la moyo wa munthu pa moyo wake ndipo amaulondoladi. M’dziko lakale lomwelo, lomwelo lili lopanda pake.

Wamphamvu wa Albert Camus sakhala wogwira ntchito moyenerera. Nthanthi ya Sisychhus . Kasus, Camus akutsutsa kuti tiyenera kuyerekezera Sisyphus kukhala wachimwemwe, ngakhale kuti ali ndi ntchito yopanda pake, yotukula piringiza piringululu. Wamphamvu wosaganiza bwino amavomereza kusoŵa tanthauzo la chilengedwe koma akupitiriza kuchita zinthu ndi kupikisana ndi kupanduka. Kuwala, mosiyana ndi kukana kuvomereza zinthu zopanda pake. Iye amafuna, dziko langwiro, ndipo ali wofunitsitsa kuwononga aliyense amene amatsutsa zoyerekezerazo. Kupanduka kwake sikutsutsana ndi zenizeni koma sikuli kopanda pake. Kuunika kwa munthu amene akulandira moyo wa munthu ndi mphamvu yake, iye apeza njira yosiyana. M’malo mwake, iye amalimbana ndi kuyesayesa kutsutsa kwake.

Imfa, Kutaya Mtima, ndi Cholinga cha Moyo

Imfa ndi malo osalekeza a za imfa Chenjezo la imfa , ndi nthanthi ya kukhalako kwa moyo imanena kuti kulimbana mowona mtima ndi imfa kuli kofunika ku moyo weniweni. Martin Heidegger analongosola moyo wa munthu kukhala “woyembekezera imfa, [1] akutsutsana kuti kuzindikira za kukongola kwathu kungatichititse kusasamala kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukhala ndi moyo weniweni. Imfa imasintha lingaliro limeneli: imapereka mphamvu yosankha bwino nthaŵi ndi mmene ena adzafera, kuchititsa onse aŵiri kuphana ndi mikhole ya kuyang'anizana ndi imfa ndi kulimba kowonjezereka.

Chitsunigami Ryuk, chimene chimaponya buku lakuŵerengalo m'dziko la anthu chifukwa cha kunyong'onyeka, chimasonyeza kusokonezeka kwachilendo pa mutu. Monga munthu wosakhoza kufa. Ryuk wafa, wosakhoza kufulumira kuti imfa imabweretsa moyo wa munthu. Iye amaona ndandanda ya Kuunika ndi chisangalalo chosatha, kuyang'ana ku nkhondo ya munthu kaamba ka tanthauzo lenileni lakuti sangakhale ndi phande. Chochititsa Ryuk kungokhala ndi ntchito yake yosagawana. Chotsatira chomaliza cha Ryuk ndi dzina la Light m’buku lake [1] ndi chikumbutso chachikulu chakuti imfa ndi chinthu chimodzi chimene sichingatha kutha kutha. Chilicho: Chilibe chigamuletse chikayikiro chapamwamba chotani nanga chikayikire ntchito yodzipangayo, chimathera m’chimodzi.

Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe ndi Chilengedwe cha Makhalidwe

M’dziko lopanda wopereka lamulo waumulungu, kodi ndi maziko otani amakhalidwe? Funso limeneli likumveka m'nkhani zotsatizanazo monga momwe Luight bridge imachitira malamulo ake amakhalidwe abwino kuyambira pachipalepo. Iye akulengeza kuti chilungamo ndicho kuchotsa apandu, koma mafotokozedwe ameneŵa ndiwo kungopanga kwake, kochirikizidwa ndi mphamvu yake yokakamiza. Dostoevsky, mzera wotchuka wa “Ngati Mulungu kulibe, chilichonse chimaloledwa, chimapeza fanizo losokoneza m'ntchito za Kuunika. Popanda nangula, makhalidwe a munthu amakhala ntchito zomanga, ndipo womanga wankhanza kwambiri angaumirize chifuniro chake pa ena.

Komabe mpambo wa ndandanda wachinyengo umagwirizanitsa malo ameneŵa. Kulamulira kwa kuunika kumagwa mofulumira kukhala chiwawa chopanda pake; iye amapha osati kokha opezedwa ndi mlandu komanso anthu opanda liwongo amene amawopseza chinsinsi chake, kuphatikizapo oimira FBI ndi ngakhale ogwirizana. Mzera pakati pa “chilungamo” ndi kudziimira kwaumwini umabisa kufikira ithe. Kumeneku kumasonyeza chenjezo la kukhalapo kwa munthu lakuti ufulu wopanda thayo uli mphamvu yowononga. Chilengedwe chotsimikizirika, Sartre, chiyenera kukhala chapadziko lonse [1] Munthuyo ayenera kukhala chitsanzo cha zonse. Kuunika kumalephera kwambiri kuyesa kumeneku, monga momwe dziko lake lingachitire chipongwe kwa aliyense amene amaŵerengera choonadi, kuchita zinthu, kapena ulemu wosavuta.

Kukhulupirira Kuti Kuliko Kudzera mwa Anthu Achiŵiri

Pamene kuli kwakuti Light ndi L amalamulira chigawo cha filosofi, kuchirikiza kumakulitsa kufufuzako. Misa Amane, amene amapeza Chidziŵitso chake cha Imfa ndi kukhala mnzake wa Kight wodzipereka, amakhala ndi moyo wauve waukhondo. Iye amapatula ufulu wake wonse ku Kuunika, kudzilongosola yekha mwa chikondi chake kwa iye ndi kufunitsitsa kwake kupha m’dzina lake. Mawu a Mulungu, iye ali chitsanzo cha chikhulupiriro choipa, akumadzilingalira kukhala chinthu chimene cholinga chake cha munthu wina chimagamulidwa. Iye amalolera kuchotsa moyo wake kaŵiri kuti aonedwe ndi maso a Chiswina.

Teru Mimi, loya wakhama amene akukhala woimira wa Kira, akuimira kupotoza kwina kwa ufulu wa kukhalapo. Mikami amakhulupirira kuti iye akusankha chilungamo mwa kudziimira, koma kwenikweni wangotenga njira ya kuwala yamtengo wapatali monga chinthu choikika. Umunthu wake wouma, wopambanitsa umavumbula mmene makhalidwe odzilenga okha angakhalire m’ndende monga ngati chiphunzitso chakunja. Pamene iye potsirizira pake alephera kulephera kuwala, kusweka kwake kumasonyeza kuti kudziŵika kwake konse kunamangidwa pa maziko obwerekedwa.

Oloŵa mmalo aŵiri, Near ndi Mello, amamaliza kulinganiza. Mello amaphatikiza ufulu wosatsutsika, wodzitukumula , kuswa malamulo, ndi kukhala ndi moyo mopambanitsa . Komabe zochita zake ziri potsirizira pake kufunidwa mopambanitsa kuti zidziŵike. Pafupi, kumbali ina, zikhalabe zopanda pake ndi zopanda pake, wopenyerera wofatsa amene amachita ngati wotsutsa wakukhalako, kuphatikiza zidutswa za mlanduwo kuvumbula choonadi. Chilakiko chake chomalizira si kusungidwa kwa chilungamo koma kuvomereza kwake koyenera kuti maseŵerawo atha ndipo chowonadi chakhala chopanda pake.

Mapeto: Kuyang’anizana ndi Malire a Chilengedwe cha Ife Tokha

Light Yagami imakhala mbali yaikulu ya tsoka lopanda umboni. M’nkhani zonsezi, iye amachita zinthu monyenga kuti chifuniro chake chokha chingachirikize dongosolo lake latsopano la dziko. Amasintha, kuŵerengera, ndi kuchotsa zopinga ndi kulimba mtima kodabwitsa. Komabe zosoŵa zenizeni za munthu zimene amayesa kupyola [1] hubris, chikhumbo cha kuŵerengeredwa, kuwopa kuiwalidwa. Kugwa kwake sikuli chifukwa cha uyang'aniro umodzi koma chifukwa cha kulephera kwachibadwa kwa kuyesa kukhala mulungu pamene akukhalabe munthu womwalira.

Pachochitika chomalizira, pamene kuunika kwavumbulidwa ndi kuvulazidwa, kuchonderera kwake ndi kupeputsa kowopsa kwa kuvumbula munthu waumulungu, kuvumbula munthu wowopa. Ichi ndi choonadi chachikale chofotokozedwa Sartre: palibe kuthawa ku mkhalidwe wa munthu. Timamasuka, koma kuti ufulu umasonyezedwa m’mipata ya kuwala, kulephera, ndi kuyang'ana kosapeŵeka kwa ena. Kulephera kwa kuunika sikuli kwakuti adapanga cholakwa, koma kuti anakhulupirira kuti iye angachotse malirewo kupyolera mwa mphamvu ya kudzitukumula. Nkhanizo zimatha osati ndi phunziro lachilakiko la makhalidwe koma ndi kuseka kwachetetsa kwa Ryuk . Dzikolo likupitirizabe, kunyalanyaza zofuna zathu zazikulu.

Mapeto: Imfa Yazindikiridwa kukhala Chifaniziro Chokhalako

Chidziŵitso cha Imfa [[FLT: 1]] sichimangokhala chifukwa cha chiganizo chake chocholoŵana kapena luso lakusintha zinthu, koma chifukwa chakuti chimadzutsa mafunso amene akhala akuvutitsa filosofi kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Kupyolera m'kukwera ndi kugwa kwa Light Yagami, mpambo wa imfa imasintha kumasuka kwa ufulu weniweni, kuvutika kwa tanthauzo la munthu mwini, ndi mthunzi wosapeŵeka wa imfa. Imaletsa omvetsera kuyang'anizana ndi vuto lomwe linameza protagoni. Mu kukanako, imasonyeza malingaliro aakulu a wokhulupirira kukhalako: kuyang'anitsitsa m’phompho popanda kulira ndi kumvetsetsa kuti thayo la kutanthauza.

Osamuka

  • Kudalira malo kumene kuliko kuli kozikidwa pa ufulu wopambanitsa, thayo laumwini, ndi kupangidwa kwa tanthauzo m’chilengedwe chopanda chifuno.
  • Ulendo wa kuunika wa Yagami umasonyeza ponse paŵiri mphamvu ndi ngozi ya ufulu wonse, kuthera m’kuthaŵa kodziwononga yekha kuchoka ku kuwona.
  • Anthu amene ali ndi chikhulupiriro choipa amayendera mfundo imeneyi m’nkhani zonsezo, pamene anthu a m’gululo amadzinyenga okha kuti adziŵe zolinga zawo zenizeni ndi udindo wawo.
  • Kuyang’ana kwa Wina, monga momwe kunayambitsidwira ndi Sartre, kumapanga nkhondo yaikulu pakati pa Light ndi L monga nkhondo yomenyera kudziŵika kwake.
  • Imfa ndiyo chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, kuchotsa zonyenga ndi kuvumbula malire a mphamvu za munthu ndi kudzikonda.
  • Kupenda zilembo zachiŵiri kumavumbula mbali zosiyanasiyana za mayankhidwe a mkhalidwe wa kukhalapo, kuyambira pa kuweruza kotheratu ufulu (Misa) kufika pa kulandiridwa kotheratu (Near).