Kuyesa Koyambirira: Dawn ya Maginito a ku Japan

Mafilimu oyambirira a ku Japan anatulukira m’ma 1910, pamene apainiya onga Oten Shimokawa, Jun’ichi Kōuchi, ndi Seitarō Kitayama anapanga mafilimu achidule opanda mawu ogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu ojambula, maluso a shakeborboard, ndi mapepala. Zoyamba zimenezi zinayamba . Koma anthu ambiri ankagwira ntchitoyi movutikira kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo ya kumadzulo, chuma, ndi kusokonezeka kwa munthu wina wa ku Ethiopia.

Ma 1920 adawona kupita patsogolo kochepetseka pamene ojambula onga Yasuji Murata ndi Kenzō Masaoka anayamba kuyesa ndi mawu a kugwirizanitsa mawu, ngakhale kuti malankhulidwe owona sanafike kufikira ma 1930. Boma la Masaoka chiChikara kwa Onna no "Yon Naka [1933]) adakhala filimu yoyamba yachijapani yokhala ndi kugwirizanitsa kukambitsirana, kukwera kumene kunafunikira kupanga zida zoimbira zamwambo. Boma la Ofesi yotchuka la maluso a machenjera a mafashoni, kutumiza mafilimu kuchokera ku mafilimu onga Geitsusha Euga ndi Shokiga. Pamene kuli kwakuti kupangidwa kwa nthaŵi yanthaŵi ya nkhondoyi kukhazikitsa, iwo anakakamiza kukonzanso kukonzanso maluso ndi kulongosolanso kachitidwe kakedwe kake kake ka nkhondo ka nkhondo. Kuphatikiza 1945, mafilimu a mafilimu, adakhala ndi mafilimu opanga a mafilimu ambiri, koma anali opanga ake opanga a filimu, koma otchuka kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa Tezuka: Kutulutsa Zakudya za Mushi ndi Kubadwa kwa Anime ya Television

Osamu Tezuka, , wotchuka kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala “Mulungu wa Manga,” anachita zambiri kuposa munthu mmodzi kukonzanso luso lodalirika. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, kujambula mafilimu kunali kochedwa ndi kokwera mtengo, ndipo palibe amene anakhulupirira kuti mafilimu a mlungu ndi mlungu anatha kugwira ntchito. Tezuka’s Mushi Production adasintha kuti ndi [FLD ,] Astro Boy [1963] [63]. Kusunga ndalama, statediyamu yopanga dongosolo la yojambula [FLT]. [magalamu a] , kudalira , ndi kudalira pa kujambula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu ya kujambula kwapadera kwapadera kwapadera kwapadera kwa pulogalamu yachiŵiri koma yovomerezedwa ndi kusungidwa kwa ndandanda ya ndalama ya mlungu ndi mlungu ndi mlungu.

Chitsanzo cha maindasitale chimenechi chinakhala chotengerapo ku wailesi yakanema aime. Mushi Production inayambitsanso chizoloŵezi cha kugulitsa kumaiko akunja kwa wailesi, kuyambitsa kujambula kwa Chijapani kwa anthu a padziko lonse. Ntchito za Tezuka zotsatira zonga Kimba ilo Loyera ndi Princessss Kight [FLT:] Farty [FLT:] Farselmn-dren amune. Ngakhale kuti Mushi pomalizira pake anayang'anizana ndi kugwa kwa chuma, chuma chake n’cho chachikulu: chinayambitsa wailesi yakanema ndi kachipangizo ya . Chifukwa chakuya cha Telmuka, ulendo wopereka [FLD]

Chomwe chimanyalanyazidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mmene Tezuka imakonzera malonda, Madhouse, ndi nyumba zina zazikulu zotayikiridwa kusungitsa makampani amtsogolo ndi kugulitsa ndalama . Makampani a Mushi Production adakhala muyezo wa makampani. Dongosolo la mushi Production linaphunzitsanso mbadwo wa opanga zinthu zimene pambuyo pake zikawomba kudutsa maindasitale, Sunusi, Madhouse, ndi nyumba zina zazikulu. Teka iyemwiniyo adapitiriza kulowa m'mafakitale, kupanga ntchito ngati [[FLT: 0] Jang Taii [[FLT:] (65))) m'maonekedwe a mitundu ndi makampani ongopanga ndalama zokha. Komabe, ndalama zongophunzitsa za malonda: kugwiritsa ntchito kwapadera: [FLT.[FLD2:]

Chipangizo cha Toei: Zimene Zimathetsa Vuto la Kutentha

Yokhazikitsidwa mu 1948 monga Japanw Expeed Films ndi pambuyo pake kutchedwa Toei Mogion , stitudio imeneyi inasonyezedwa mwachindunji pa paipi yopanga Disney. Toei anapanga malo oyamba a mzera waukulu wa dzikolo, omaliza ndi programu ya pakati, kamera zambiri, ndi gulu la makompyuta limene linaswa mayeso apadera. Mbali yawo yoyamba ya maonekedwe, Hakujaden [1] , inali pulogalamu yapadera imene inaonetsa kuti ambators ku Japan akanatha kupikisana ndi mafilimu a ku Western .

Toei anakhala fakitale ya dziko lonse imene inapanga franchis. Raganon Ball [1], [FLT , Chidutswa chimodzi , ndi Sailor Moon Sat ] . Sailor Moon [Sinangopeza] kokha zizindikiro zachilendo za m'banja komanso kukhazikika kwa aime ku Ulaya, Latin America, ndipo potsirizira pake North America. Mpando wautali wa filimuyo inasintha kawonekedwe kake kachizoloŵezi kake katsiku ndi tsiku kaamba ka mamiliyoni ambiri ndi kukhazikitsa nkhondo ya malonda. Panthaŵi yomweyo, Toeiii ikugwira ntchito monga: kulemera kwake kwa ku America, ndipo pambuyo pake kunkapezeka mtsogoleri amodzi, m'mbiri yotchuka. [F]

Kupyola pa blockbuster frankchisses, Toei adayambitsanso “kugaŵana kwa nyengo” monga chitsanzo , kuswa mpambo wautali wa madendereza ndi kukonzanso kwa pakati pa nyengo . kumene kunalola kosi ya zowongolera zozikidwa pa kuvomereza. Programu ya m'nyumba yophunzitsa inatulutsa maluwa a mabwinja onga Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takata, ndi Yoichi Kotabe, onse amene anayambitsa ntchito zawo ku Toiia asanakhazikire malo awoawo. Chikondwerero cha Sea sewero chinatulutsanso mabwalo a m'ma 1960 ndi 1970 inaika mafaketi apamwamba: mafilimu ngati [FLD:] Shopy ndi Aend-ead [FFFFOM] AFFFFF: [2] ndi kuwonjezera malonda otsatsa malonda otsa malonda otsa malonda otsa. Pamene kupitirizabe kutchuka.

Kutuluka kwa Dzuwa ndi Kusintha kwa Mecha Genre

Mu 1970, loboti imasonyeza ngati Mazinger Z [1] ndi [FT] Geter Robo adagwira kale malingaliro a anyamata achichepere, koma anatsatira njira yotsimikizirika: makina amphamvu oyendetsa ndege amphamvu omwe sagonjetseka kumenyana ndi zilombo za mlungu. Dyambu, lokhazikitsidwa mu 1972 ndi amene kale Mushi Productionon apolisi, linaswa nkhungu imeneyo. Dispoigne [[FLT:] Gundam] [[FLT:]] , , , Sun anadziŵikitsa “makina enieniwomba, kumene ndinali ndi zida zankhondo, zolakwika, ndi kutsutsana ndi nkhondo.

Gundam anachotsedwa poyamba chifukwa cha kutsika kwa ziŵerengero, koma pambuyo pake kukonzanso ndi chipambano chachikulu cha makiyi a pulasitiki a Bandai (Gunpla) anatembenuza franchise frainchise kukhala chikole cha chikhalidwe ndi cha zachuma. Chitsulo pakati pa aimame ndi malonda chinakhala chitsanzo cha makampani. Kusintha kwa dzuŵa pambuyo pake kunawongolera njira imeneyi ndi mpambo wa [[FLT] Tromorporpor Votoms , ntchito yokopa [FLT], , ndi [FLT] [FFFF:4] [FFF:] [FLT] [FF] [FFFF:]] [FLT] [i] [imodzi], chikugwirizanitsa ndi mfundo ya kusungika kwa ine ya kusungidwa kwa pulogalamu ya za za puloga.

Kusinthanso kwa dzuŵa kunapangidwa. Komitiyi inali imodzi ya yoyamba kukhazikitsa “komiti ya maluso , kumene makampani ambiri (makampani opanga toy, makampani oimba) adagaŵana mtengo ndi maupandu. Njira imeneyi, yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa [[FLT: 0] GUNDAM , ndipo pambuyo pake inayengedwa ndi [FL:] [makampani, makampani opanga nyimbo] ndi [[FLT:] Exane [[FLT]], yololedwa kutulutsa ndi kukonza zinthu zina zofunikira kwambiri. Pomwe anapangidwa ndi kukonza zinthu zotsala kwambiri. Pomwe anapangidwa ndi Azungulakuti:, zinakhala ndi malo osowererapo kwambiri kwa ofanana ndi a Youniko, Skinekine [[6] [FT.[5], ndi gulu la anthu otsala kwa [1] Mafuko: [F]

Kuwonjezeka kwa Chipanduko cha OVA ndi Chipanduko Chachiphamaso cha Gainax

Ma 1980 adabweretsa njira yatsopano yogawira: Vidiyo Yachibadwidwe Yomwe inapanga Studio Gainax mu 1984. Mbali yawo yoyamba, [FLT: 0] Makina a Halo: Mapiko a Honêmaise [1] , inali yodabwitsa kwambiri.

Chisinthiko chowona cha Gauanax chinabwera mu 1995 ndi Neon Genesis Evangelion . Hideaki Anno’s as conformation of mecha genre adachotsa nkhondo zamphamvu ndi kupsinjika maganizo, chipembedzo, ndi nkhani zosiyana zimene zinaswa misonkhano yonse ya Loŵeruka ndi yosangalatsa. Nkhanizo zinayambitsa mkangano wa dziko lonse ndi ndalama zazikulu za mercryanis, kuphatikizapo kusakaza kwa nthaka “Eva” pachinko nzang. Chofunika kwambiri, Evangelion anatsimikizira kuti akakhala ofuna ndi opanga malonda aakulu, osonkhezera kuchedwa kwa wailesi yakanema. Ganda ndi kubwereranso kwa masulo a DHDNA yopanduka yokha. [FFOT]

SOUTH OVA iyenera kudziŵika: inatheketsa ntchito zapadera zonga Mega onion 23 , Bubblegum Crisis [, ndi [[FLT] Gunster] [[FLT] , iliyonse imene inayesa ndi kapangidwe ka kukambitsirana ndi kaonekedwe ka zinthu [maonekedwe ka kanema] siingathe kuisunga. Studios monga AIC ndi Arms kukondwera mwachindunji kukonza mavidiyo oimba, kupanga chuma chimene chimadutsa msilikali woulutsa zipata. Nthaŵiyi inawonanso kukwera kwa “auni - aureteir" mu wailesi yakanema, monga mmene amachitira Mahishi, Ohitohori, Ohiro, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makampani a zamalonda a wailesi yapale, pomalizira pake, kutulutsa ndalama za kumapeto kwa ma TV.

Chipangizo Choyezera Chipangizo Chotchedwa Studio Ghibli: Chipangizo Chopimitsira Magazi

Pamene Hayao Miyazaki, Isao Takahata, ndi wotulutsa Toshio Suzuki adayambitsa Studio Ghibli mu 1985, adayambitsa mafilimu amene anasamalira mafilimu monga njira yoyenerera ya luso la misinkhu yonse. Ghibli anakana machenjera ochepetsedwa a wailesi yakanema ndi oikidwa m’maseŵera obiriŵira, dziko lokongola kwambiri, malo onse amene mpweya uliwonse umapuma. Mbuye Wanga Totoro [1] FLT sakanatha kusonyeza pulojekiti ina. [[FLT:]

Chipambano cha dziko lonse chinabwera ndi Spected Out [2001] , yomwe inapambana Academy Award for Best Epideficial profect ndipo inakhala filimu yotchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya Japan. Mafilimu a Ghibli afalitsidwa kupyolera m'magawa a mayiko ambiri ndipo potsirizira pake akutsata ulemu wa aimause kunja kwa Japan. Chithunzichi chinapanganso nzeru yapadera yopanga zinthu: palibe zolemba zokhwima, zolola kuti mafilimuwonekedwewo a zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana koma zokwera mtengo kwambiri. Chisonkhetso cha Ghibli ncho n’chosayerekezeredwa ndi kupambana, kuona masomphenya odzigonjetsa maofesi a dziko lonse. Kufutukulidwa kwa mbiri ya pulogalamu ya [1] [FLT]

Chimasiyanitsa Ghibli ndi chitsimikizo chake cha kujambula ndi manja monga momwe makampani anasinthira ku makompyuta. shadiyo inasunga paipi yozikidwa pa sel kukafika ku ma 2010, kungosintha kwambiri ndi manambala ndi Chile cha Princess Kaguya [1] ndi [FLT] [2] pamene Marnie Anali Kumene (2014]. Kukana kulolera kusokoneza luso kulenga chithunzi chooneka bwino, maluso a madzi, ndi chisamaliro chachikulu ku kuunika ndi maonekedwe. Gbli amapanganso “mo monga wopanga zinthu za kulenga. [kapenyeka], ndi Tooshizuk-ka wogwirizana ndi chipepopete. Mkizazazakejestria, ngakhale kuti ayang'ana ndi ziŵirizo zamakono za Gbli, koma akusonyezanso kuwonana kwanthaŵi yanthaŵi yapadziko lapansi.

Mmene Makina Amagwirira Ntchito

Pofika pakati pa ma 19990, maindasitale anali atasintha kwambiri. Zopanga I, zokhazikitsidwa mu 1987, zinatenga kanthaŵi. Motsogozedwa ndi Mamoru Oshii, Gaffner mu Shell [ (1995]) inakhala msanganizo wochititsa mafanizo a mwambo ndi makompyuta. Chinenero chake chojambula zithunzi, kuzama kwa nzeru za anthu, ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu za CG zinasonkhezera osati kokha a anyezi komanso opanga mafilimu a Kumadzulo monga a Wawski ndi James Cameron.

Chiwindi I.G inapitiriza kugwedeza mipata ndi [FLT: 0] Blood : Chipangizo Chomalizira cha Vamogule [1] ndi [FLT ] Kuima pa propritary mpambo wa makompyuta, kupanga zida za pulogalamu zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta zimene zimalola mamera oyenda ndi kuwala kocholoŵana ndi maseŵero okha. Kupambana kwa stadiodio kunasonyeza mapeto a nyengo ya cel ndi kuyambika kwa mapilo, kumene kunakhala kofala posachedwa kudutsa malonda. Mwa kukwatira mafi apamwamba a makompyuta ndi njira yodula ndi kujambula, Ziwitso I. GE anatsimikizira kuti kukhoza kutsogolera osati kuchitika kwa padziko lonse.

Komitiyo inagwiritsanso ntchito kwambiri ntchito zapadziko lonse, kugwira ntchito ndi Cartoon Network pa . IGPX . Ndi kugwirizana ndi akuluakulu a kumadzulo pantchito monga . Dzuwa la thambo limalolera maluwa opangira zinthu. Kufikira njira zatsopano zopangira ndi kugaŵira njira. Mapaipi a magetsi, oyengedwa pa zaka zoposa makumi aŵiri, anakhala chitsanzo cha maindasitale: ilo yosafuna kukonza, yanthaŵi yeniyeni, ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu ziŵiri za I. Kutulutsa kwa D ndi zinthu zina. Kutulutsa kwa , Witudio, pambuyo pake kutulutsa [FT.FT]

Khirisimasi ya Kyoto: Kufotokoza za kaonekedwe ka zinthu zotchedwa Repefining Storyn

Kyoto Polysition, yomwe inayamba mu 1981, inayamba ntchito ya makampani ena asanayambe ntchito zawo. Njira ya situdiyo inali yapadera: inalemba anyamata ojambula zithunzi monga antchito anthaŵi zonse, inawaphunzitsa kusukulu, ndipo inawalipira malipiro m’malo mwa ndalama zaulere. Zimenezi zinachititsa malo okhazikika, ogwirizana amene anapangitsa mkhalidwe wopanda liwongo ndi wamaganizo kukhala wochenjera kwambiri kuposa liŵiro.

Zotulukapo zinali monga [[FLT: 0] CLAND , K-ku! , ndi Mawu Opanda Mawu [[[FLT:], aliyense wodziŵa kufotokoza ndi kufotokoza kwa bata. [FLT:] Melcholy of Haruzkuya [200] (2006] Mawu a usiku watha otaku ndi dongosolo lake la kuulutsa ma TV anakhala chochitika chachikhalidwe. Chomwecho chofotokozedwa ndi “maketeaketia) [mawonekedwe ake a zikopa zatsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi tsiku, ndi tsiku lathunthu, chikaonekera ndi kupambana kwa maluso a pa TV. Zomwe zinawoneka ndi kutchuka kwa kuchuluka kwa ojambula ma TV. Zojambula zamakono zinakhaladiza.

Kuukira kwa 2019 kwa arson ndi anzake padziko lonse kumene kunawononga malo ochitira nyukiliya a Kyoto Oginkitsa kunali tsoka limene linagwedeza maindasitale onse. Kutayikiridwa kwa mamembala 36, kuphatikizapo otsogolera ndi otsogolera, kunali kosakaza ku nyumba yochitiramo zinthu yomwe inagwira ntchito ngati banja. Komabe kuperekedwa kwa thandizo kwa operekera ndi anzawo padziko lonse kwa Katototo Nation kunasonyeza ulemu waukulu. Kupangidwa kwa makampani a Priototo adapezedwa. Makampani a pambuyo pa kuukira, monga [FLT: 0] Mis Kobayashi’s S [1] ndi filimu yomwe ikubwerayi, imasonyeza kulimba ndi kudzipereka kupitiriza ntchito yabwino ndi chisamaliro. Zojambula za Kyotookito zikhoza kuwonjezera ntchito, kuphunzitsidwa kwa nyumba, ndi kujambula kwaluso la zojambula zinthu zojambula ma jinima ake.

Madhouse: Woyesa Wosatha

Madhouse anabadwa mu 1972 kuchokera ku phulusa la Mushi Production, lokhazikitsidwa ndi opanga ufulu wa kulenga. Ufulu umenewo unakhala chizindikiritso cha stadio. Madhouse sanakhalepo ndi sitayelo imodzi; mmalo mwake inakhala malo a oyang'anira amasomphenya. Inachititsa Satoshi Kon-buksidika maganizo [[FLT:] Blue Blue [[FLT:] ndi [FLT:] P [FLT] [FLT], , kachitidwe koopsa ka [FLT] [FFF:] ndi ka . [FFFFLT]

Kufunitsitsa kwa Madhouse kulolera kutaya ndalama kaŵirikaŵiri kunabwera pamtengo wa ndalama, koma kunaloŵetsa m'gawo latsopano lokongola ndi losimba. Studio inalinso wolera woyamba wa ntchito zamitundu yonse, kugwira ntchito pa Spanishi kuzoloŵera ndi kugwirizana ndi maluso akunja. M'makampani opanga mapulogalamu, Madhouse anakhalabe wotengera mafanizo a auteur ndi drive, kutsimikizira kuti kusiyana kwake kukhoza kukhala chizindikiro chodalirika.

Filosofi ya drosope yopanga kampaniyi inakonzedwa dala. Mosiyana ndi Ghibli’s Hiepical fix kapena Kyoto’s Fience system , Madhouse anatsogolera monga gulu la ziwiya zosadalirana, iliyonse ikumatsogozedwa ndi mkulu wokhala ndi mphamvu zonse zopangira zinthu. Maro Hosoda, amene [FT:] Anachita mawiro monga Satoshi Kon , amene anabweretsa maphunziro ake a zamaganizo [FLT:] [FLD] [FOLD] [FFFFF:] [FFFFFFF:] [1], adalandira kutchuka kwa mitundu yonse, ndi Mau Hosoda , amene [FTFOLD] adagwiritsira ntchitonso ntchito [FOFUT] m'zonse. [FULSE: [FUT]

Zinthu Zapadera Zamakono: Mafuta Ofewa, Ochititsa Chidwi, ndi Ochititsa Chidwi

2010 inatulutsa ma holoudio atsopano amene anaphatikiza makompyuta atsopano ndi maluso odabwitsa. [FLT: 0] Unyinji [[FLT: 1] unakhala wofanana ndi makompyuta apamwamba. Kusintha kwake kwa usiku: Suncread Blade Works [[FLT:] ndi filimu [FLT:] . .DEDM Slayer: Mystem [FLT:] (zimene zinakhala filimu yokwera kwambiri-grossting ya nthaŵi zonse) 2D ya maluso a kamera a mphamvu, ziyambukiro, ziyambukiro, ndi maonekedwe a mitundu ina yofanana ndi kulemera kwa mapulogalamu.

Supto TRUGY[FL:1], yopangidwa ndi amene kale anali mamembala a Gaualax mu 2011, inatumiza mphamvu ya woyambirirayo kukhala maina aulemu onga Kill la Kill, [[FLT]], [Kupeka] Kuwopsya kwa Mfiti Academia , ndi Cyberton: Clobns . Trigda, kujambula ndi kalankhulidwe kopanduka kopangidwa ndi kamodzi kopakedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya anthu ndi kusonyeza kuti chizindikiro cha drodia ikhoza kuwonekera monga mtsogoleri wa bungwe lotchuka.

Pakali pano, [[FLT: 0] MAPPA (Maruyama Ochititsa Kupanga Project Association) adawonekera monga nyumba yamagetsi yokhoza kusamalira ntchito zambiri zapatsogolo- profile panthaŵi imodzi, kuyambira nyengo yomaliza ya Attack pa Titan Fact ] [ku] ku [FLT:] ku [[FUT]] jutsu Kaisen ndi [[FLT:] Cainsaw Man . MaPPA's yowopsa yopanga maluso, pamodzi ndi msanganizo za maluso aulezake, ndi maluso amakono, apezanso zimene angapange.

Nthaŵi yamakono imaphatikizaponso masutudi monga [[FLT: 0] , adayalidwa ndi amene kale anali antchito a Sun , omwe anaphatikiza mamecha maluso ndi njira ya madzi yochitira machitidwe monga [[FLT:] Almetial Almemist: [Ubale] , [[FLT:] , [[FLT]] , [iyeyomweyo] ndi [FLT:] Magazine 100 [[FLT]]. Mabanja akhazikitsa mbiri ya nkhondo yapamwamba ndi ya mtima, kuchuluka kwa mabwinja, kumakhaladia. [FFUFUFUFUM]. [mu , Supt , kuwonjezera pa , kuti:]

Kumaliza

Mbiri ya Anime si ndandanda ya zinthu zimene zinasintha, iliyonse ikusonkhezeredwa ndi kuona kwapadera kwa nyumba yochitira zinthu imene inayesa kuchita chinthu china. Kuchokera ku Mushi Production I. Grouble’s digitable yomwe inachititsa wailesi yakanema kukhala yotheka, ku mafakitale a Toei opanga zinthu, ku kusintha kwenikweni kwa maloboti a Sunice, Gainx defictive confictive, Ghibli’s uniction I.G’S digioc, kujambula kwa Ptootookieling, kusiyanasiyana za Madhouse, ndi kujambula kwamakono kwa Ufolable, Trgger, ndi MAPPA.

Mastudio amene anasintha maseŵerawo sanangopanga maluso okha; adalembanso mmene alimi amapangidwira, kupatsidwa ndalama, ndi kuzindikira. Malo amakono oyenda , madesiki a tsiku ndi tsiku apadziko lonse, amatulutsidwa, ndi maprojekiti a mitundu yonse amakhalapo. Monga maluso atsopano monga kukonza ndi kupanga zinthu kwanthaŵi yeniyeni, kujambula kwa mbiri yakale kukujambula kale madesiki ake oyamba, okonzekera kubwereranso. Phunziro la mbiri imeneyi nlakuti staudio-ault-ion-tition , kulolera kwake, ndi kufunitsitsa kwake kutsutsa msonkhano wachigawo, ndi kutsendekera kwamphamvu kwa injini ya chisinthiko m'chijapani.