Zizindikiro ndizo chinenero chachinsinsi chosimbidwa, ndipo palibe mutu wankhani wodalira pa iwo kuposa ulendo wa munthu. Pamene munthu aima pa kalirole, atavala nyawu, kapena kuyenda pamphepo, chinthu kapena chochitikacho kaŵirikaŵiri chimangokhalapo monga momwecho. Chifaniziro chaumwini chimasintha kusintha kwa mkati kukhala chowonekera, chochititsa chidwi, cholola oŵerenga kuchitira umboni kukhaladi munthu amene ali. Pambuyo pa mafilimu, ndi nthano, zimenezi zimene zinasankhidwa mosamalitsa mapu a mapu a mzera kuchokera ku ku kuswa, kuchokera kuungwiro ku nzeru, ndi kukana kukhala wowona.

Mbali Yaikulu ya Kudziŵika m’Nthano Zabodza

Nkhani iliyonse yochititsa chidwi ndi yonena za munthu amene ali ndi khalidweli. Munthu angafunefune chuma, angafunefune chibwenzi, kapena kumenyana ndi munthu wopondereza, koma zimene akulondola kwenikweni ndizo kusintha kwa maganizo ake omwe ali ndi tanthauzo. Nkhani zosimba zimakhala zatanthauzo kwenikweni chifukwa chakuti maganizo a munthu wodzifufuza ali pangozi. Wosuliza ndi katswiri wa nzeru zapamwamba Charles Taylor anafotokoza kuti khalidwe lake ndilo khalidwe labwino.

Kuzindikira kudziŵika m’mabuku kumafuna kuzindikira miyeso itatu yotsatizana. Choyamba ndicho chizindikiritso cha munthu, gulu la zikhulupiriro, zikumbukiro, ndi zikhumbo zimene zimachititsa kuti azikhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi. Chachiwiri ndicho chizindikiritso cha anthu [[[FLT:], ntchito zoikidwa kapena zotengedwazo / mwana wamkazi, wankhondo, wosala, wolamulira , amene amapanga mmene khalidwe limadziŵikira ndi mmene amalionera. Chosankha chachitatu ndicho [[FLT: 4.] Chizindikiritso chachi chachikhalidwe [[[FLT:], khalidwe la munthu limasimba za amene ali, chimene sichingagwirizane ndi zenizeni. Zimenezi sizimasinthasintha ndi zochitika. Zimasinthasinthanso zochitika. Pamene wolemba nkhani za m’zolowekizo, ndi kufotokoza za chisinthiko chakuya.

Erik Erikson katswiri wa zamaganizo a kukonzanso kwa kakhalidwe ka anthu akupereka kufanana kothandiza. Lingaliro lake la vuto la kusadziŵa zinthu, lotchuka pakati pa zaka za zana la 8820, likufotokoza nyengo imene anthu ayenera kugwirizanitsa zokumana nazo zawo zakale ndi tsogolo lawo. Kuchuluka kwa Erikson, kuchezera wopulumukayo [[FLT:] Sayelo Psychology of therectives ya Erikson . Kupsinjika maganizo kumodzimodziko kudzera mwa anthu ongopeka: Elizabeth Ben Bennet Recalbibre ndi kunyata kunyata, Harry Burbing .

Chifaniziro cha Zifaniziro

Zizindikiro zimagwira ntchito monga chidule cha zinthu za maganizo. Chifukwa chakuti zimasintha maganizo kukhala chithunzi chimodzi, zikhoza kuchititsa munthu kuganiza mofatsa, kumenyetsa woŵerenga ndi mphamvu. Zilembo zikaikidwa m'mbali yonse ya chizindikiro, zimapanga maganizo omveka kwambiri kuposa maganizo a munthu.

Olemba amachokera ku thanki yakuya ya miyambo yophiphiritsira. Zizindikiro zina zili pafupifupi padziko lonse: kuunika ndi mdima, madzi ndi chipululu, kukwera ndi kutsika. Ena ngolunjika mwamwambo, monga ngati chingwe chofiira cha choikidwiratu kapena nyama. Komabe m’manja mwa wolemba waluso, ngakhale chinthu cha masiku onse, wotchi ya magalasi, khomo lotsekedwa, chitsekedwa chikhale chizindikiro champhamvu cha chizindikiro ngati chikhala pa nyengo yovuta ya kusintha. Kodi nchiyani chimene chili chinthucho koma unansi wake ndi kukula kwake. Unansi umenewo umamangidwa mwa kubwerezabwereza, kusintha, ndi kusintha.

Magulu ophiphiritsira ofala kwambiri m’nkhani za makhalidwe ndi madeti ndi monga:

  • Malo ozindikira (oyendetsa, madzi, zitsulo zopaka): Zinthu zimenezi zimasonyeza kudzipenda kwenikweni. Munthu wosafuna kuyang'anizana ndi zizindikiro zake zokana; munthu amene amayang'ana kuopsa kwa kutaya mtima kapena kusweka.
  • Mask ndi kubisa [1]: Kuchokera ku nyawu zenizeni kufika ku madesiki otengedwa, zizindikiro zimenezi zimaimira kutsutsana pakati pa kudzipanga ndi chowonadi chobisika. Kuulula kaŵirikaŵiri kumakumana ndi nthaŵi ya tsoka kapena ufulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Zizindikiro za Journey [[FLT :1] (mtunda, mitsinje, kudutsa): Kuyendayenda kwa thupi kuchokera kumalo ena kumka kwina kuwunikira njira ya maganizo kuchokera ku chizindikiritso china. A ford, mlatho, kapena chipululu chimakhala khomo kumene munthu wakale amafera ndi watsopano amabadwira.
  • [[NTHAŴI] Kuzungulira kwa m'nyengo (nyengo, nyengo, kukula ndi kuola): Mkuntho wa m'chilimwe ungapangitse kusintha kwa kunja, chipale chofeŵa choyamba chikhoza kubwerera m'kusinkhasinkha, ndi kubzala munda zipatso za munthu watsopano.
  • Zomwe zili choloŵa (zilembo, zilembo, makiyi): Zimenezi zigwirizanitsa chizindikiritso cha woyambitsayo ndi banja, mbiri, kapena choloŵa. Kutayikiridwa kwawo kapena kuchira kwawo kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonyeza kusweka kapena kukumbatira kwa kalelo.

Kukambitsirana kokwanira kwa mmene zizindikiro zimagwirira ntchito m’nthano, MasterClas atsogolera ku maphiphiritso [[FLT: 1] amapereka mafotokozedwe omveka ndi njira zothandiza zimene zimagwirizana ndi mfundo zimenezi.

Chimodzi cha mbali zokongola kwambiri za kusimba nkhani zophiphiritsira nchakuti chizindikiro chimodzi chingasunge matanthauzo osiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana m'mbali. Khomo lotsekedwa poyamba m'cholembera lingaimire kupondereza; pomalizira pake, ntchito yotsegula imakhala ufulu. Mkhalidwe umenewu wa chameléon umalola olemba masinthidwe obisika a chizindikiro popanda kutembenukira ku mndandanda wa mawu a mlomo.

Kufufuza za Mlandu: Kuudziŵa Kudzera m’Zopangidwa Zophiphiritsira

Kudziteteza kwa Anthu Ovutika

Zigawo zochepa za mbiri zajambula masinthidwe mwamphamvu monga , otchuka ndi Joseph Campbell mu Hero wokhala ndi nkhope 1000 . Kuyang'ana mozama pa masitepe, onani kulowa pa ulendo wa ngwazi [1]. M'kaundulayu, protagono imachoka ku dziko la anthu wamba, imapirira mayeso, ndipo imabwereranso. Masitepe alionse amasintha ndi zizindikiro: chipatso, chibadwire, mimba ya nangunda, mafuta a zipsera. Koma njira yapakati ya fano ndi yodziimira yoona.

Ganizirani za Excalibur ya Mfumu Arthur, osati monga chida chokha komanso monga umboni weniweni wa kuyenera kwake kulamulira . Lupanga lingakokedwe ndi mfumu yowona; kukhala kwake ndi kubwerera kumapeto kwa Arthur kuchokera ku mzere wobisika kumtsogoleri wa nthano ndi kuimirira kubwerera. Mofananamo, mu [FLT: 0] Nkhondo [zamphamvu] [[FLT:] Saga, magetsi , si chipangizo chokha koma chizindikiro cha Jedi, chotchuka, ndi kuima kwake. Pamene Lukeya akumanga magetsi ake obiriŵira mu [FF:]

Ulendo wa ngwaziyo umasonyeza kuti siidziŵika mwa kupenda kokha; imachitidwa mwa kachitidwe, ndipo zizindikiro zimene zimatsagana ndi machitidwe amenewo zimakhala zizindikiro zotsimikizirika za munthu watsopano. Kubwerera ndi mankhwalawo (kaya ndi chinthu chenicheni kapena nzeru yeniyeni) kumatsimikizira kuti kusinthako kuli kwenikweni ndipo tsopano kungagwirizanitsidwe m’chitaganya.

2. Kubwera Kosadziŵika: Malo ndi Kutaika

Kubwera kwa nkhani za mbiri, kapena Bildungsroman , kuli tsatanetsatane ponena za kupangidwa kwa chizindikiritso. Kaamba ka kupenda mbiri ndi misonkhano ya magenre, nkhani yachikasu yonena za kubwera kwa nkhani za moyo [[FLT: 3] imapereka mawu apatsogolo. Kuno, mzere wa chizindikiro umafotokozedwa ndi kutha kwa zopekedwa ndi kudzipha kwa munthu wamkulu wovuta kwambiri. Zizindikiro zimene zili m’nkhokweyi kaŵirikaŵiri zimasonyezedwa ndi mipata ndi kutayikiridwa kwa malire otetezera.

Ku Harper Lee’s Kupha Blackbird . Nyumba yamtengo, mphatso za khofi, ndi galu wa ana ang'onoang'ono zonse zimagwira ntchito monga zochitika zophiphiritsira m'kudzuka kwa Scout. Nyumba ya mitengo imaimira malo a ana, ochotsedwa pankhondo ya achikulire. Malonjezo achinsinsi a Booing Radley amatuluka mu mtengo [1] Cheang, pens, spenies, zizindikiro za mbanda kucha, nthanthwe, nthanthwe yakuti “kamodzi , . Ndi munthu wowopa ndi mzimu waunyama. Galu wolusa, womenyedwa ndi Attitic, anaphulitsa chinyengo kuti dziko ndi kuti limakhala lotetezeka ndi atate wake; iyo ndi mphamvu yachiwawa ndi yachiŵalo.

J.D. Salinger’s . Catcher mu Ryte [1] imagwiritsira ntchito mawu ena ophiphiritsira. Chipewa chofiira chosaka nyama, mabande ku Central Park, ndi carousing ndi zipangizo zodziŵira kuchedwa kwa Hoden Caulfield. Chisoti, chovala cha kumbuyo, chimasonyeza chikhumbo chake cha munthu payekha ndi kuthaŵa ku fungo, komabe chimabisa poyera, kulephera kunena kuti chizindikiritsocho. Funso lobwerezabwereza lonena za kumene madoko amayenda m'nyengo yachisanu imasintha mantha ake popanda tanthauzo. Pachimake, kuyang'ana mlongo wake pa chizindikiro cha ca carnel . Chithunzi cha akuona golide cha paubwana, kukana kuchuluka, kulephera kuvomereza chiwombedzero, kuphatikizapo chimene iye sakufuna kuchotsa chikhomezi. Zitsulozo . Zimalengeza kuti zikhale .

Maselo a Doppelgänger ndi Akufa

Chigothic chochuluka koma champhamvu mofananamo chimalozera kulimbanako ndi mbali ziŵiri kapena za mthunzi, kumene wopangayo ayenera kuphatikiza mbali yotsenderezedwa ya chizindikiritso chawo. Zizindikiro zonga ngati zithunzithunzi, mapasa, ndi kuwunikira zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya chizindikiritso chimenechi.

Oscar Wille’s Chithunzi cha Dorian Gray ndi chitsanzo chovomerezeka. Chithunzicho chili magwero ophiphiritsira omalizira ozindikiritsa; kukongola kosasintha kwa Dorian kumabisa kuvunda kowopsa kwa m’nsalu za m'mwamba. Kulakwa kulikonse kumadziwonetsa pa chithunzi, kupanga chithunzi cha munthu weniweni amene Dorian amakana kuvomereza. Potsirizira pake kuyesa kwake kuwononga chithunzicho ndiko kudzipha [1] Iye sangapeŵe chizindikiro cha chiphuphu chake chifukwa chakuti, kwenikweni, iye.

M’nthano zamakono, Chick Palahniuk . Kumenyanako kumakhala zizindikiro za mtundu wa Fluct Club [1] Kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba za ngongole kumaimira kuwonongedwa kwa wogulayo yemwe sanamutchule dzina. Mzera wa narrator umafika pozindikira kuti Tyler si wa kunja; chipolopolo chodutsa m’nja chiwononga chinyengo ndi mthunzi, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba zokongolazo kumaimira kuwonongedwa kwa wogulayo.

Nkhani zimenezi zimavumbula choonadi cha maganizo: Kudziŵika sikuli fano la munthu mmodzi koma nyumba ya malamulo ya moyo. Zizindikiro zakuti chithunzithunzi, mahabu, kusinthira kwa kudzitukumula , kukakamiza kulimbana komwe kuli kowopsa ndi komasula. Akaphatikizapo, khalidwelo silimagaŵikananso koma nlathunthu.

Kupenda Zinthu Zophiphiritsira: Zolemba Zofunika kwa Oŵerenga ndi Olemba

Kuti timvetse bwino mmene kuphiphiritsira kumasinthira khalidwe, kumathandiza kukhala ndi lens yopenda.

Sitepe 1: Tanthauzoni Kusintha ndi Kusintha. Onani zinthu ziti, mapulogalamu, kapena tsatanetsatane wa chibadwa cha zinthu zimene zimaoneka. M’kupita kwa nthawi, chikhocho chimaonekera pa zigubu zazikulu za mtima. Kapu ya tiyi imene imaonekera pa nkhani iliyonse ingakhale yosakongoletsa; ingasonyeze kuyesa kwa woyendetsa zinthu pa kutsendereza. Ngati chikhocho chaponyedwa pakho, chimasonyeza kuphulika kwa chizindikiro.

Sitepe 2: Mapu a chizindikiro ku Chitaganya cha Arc. Mzera wa zizindikiro umadutsa m'magawo: chinthu choyamba chonama, chochitika cha mkate, vuto lalikulu, usiku wa mdima wa moyo, ndi chosankha kapena kuposera. Pulani kaonekedwe kapena kusintha kwa chizindikiro. Galimoto umene umakula mkati mwa tsoka ndi kuphulikanso pakugamula kwake ukuyang'ana bwino lomwe mkhalidwe wamkati.

Sitepe 3: Talingalirani za Chizindikiro cha Mkati . Zizindikiro zamphamvu kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zosiyana. Madzi angamidze kapena kuyeretsa; moto ungawononge kapena kubadwanso. Kusintha kwa munthu ndi zinthu ziŵiri zimenezi . Kuthaŵa kumoto, ndiyeno kuyenda pa icho, ndipo kudutsapo. Nzosachita mantha kuti apeze mphamvu. Mu Toni Morrison’s [[FL:2] OKONDEDWA , madzi amagwirizanitsa imfa, chikumbukiro, ndi kuyeretsa, pomalizira pake kukhala malo kumene Se akuyang'ana ndi kutulutsa.

Sitepe 4: Santhula Chiyambukiro cha Chizindikiro pa Zilembo Zina. [FLT: 1] Chizindikiritso nchogwirizana. Mmene zilembo zachiŵiri zimachitira ndi chizindikiro kaŵirikaŵiri zimavumbula kusintha kwa ntchito ya kakhalidwe. Korona imene imalamulira kunyada koma pambuyo pake imasonkhezera chisoni kapena kunyansidwa imalankhula za chizindikiritso chochimwa. Kalata imene imasonkhezera mantha mwa ena koma imakhala magwero a mphamvu kwa woyendetsayo imasonyeza kusintha kwa mphamvu.

Satep 5: Yesani Chigamulo. [[FT:1] Pachimenecho, funsani ngati chizindikirocho chawonongedwa, chasinthidwa, cholandidwa, kapena chopititsidwa. Chotulukapocho chivumbula mtundu wa kusandulika. Munthu amene amaswa kalirole ndi kuyenda wakana kudzikhazika; amene amasunga zitsulozo kuyang'ana kuchokera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana avala chigulu, kudziwonetsera kwake. Chosankhacho chiyenera kudzimva kukhala chosapeŵeka, ndi chizindikiro chomalizira cha mzimuwo.

Kupyola pa Munthu Aliyense: Kujambula kwa Chikhalidwe ndi Zolembedwa

Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chikhalidwe chimodzi chokha, chizindikiro cha chizindikiro sichingasiyanitse kotheratu ndi miyambo ndi mapulogalamu a mbiri yakale. Nthanthi ya Carl Jung ya maposit ogwirizana osadziŵa kanthu kuti zizindikiro zina , mayi wachinyengo, mwamuna wanzeru wa m'miyambo yamitundu yonse chifukwa chakuti n’zolimba ku psychche. Pamene wolemba mabuku analemba za katswiri wopereka chinthu chopatulika kwa ngwaziyo, iwo amaloŵa m’chinthu chakuya cha a Archetcypypa.

Chofunikanso nchakuti mabuku amakono kaŵirikaŵiri amafunsa kapena kusokoneza zizindikiro zachikale zimenezi. Chophimba, m’nkhani yonena za mkazi m’chitaganya cha makolo, sichingaimire chinyengo koma kupulumuka . Ndi kusintha kofunika kufikira dziko litakhala lodalirika. M’mizere yotero, kuchotsa nyawuyo sikumamasula koma kumakhala kowopsa, ndipo kusintha kwenikweni kungaphatikizepo nyawuyo pa mawu a munthu. Chinenero chophiphiritsiracho chimakhalabe, koma kusintha kwake kusonyeza kumvetsetsa kwabwino kwa dzina lake.

Nthano zongopeka za m'nthano zambiri zimafutukukanso dikishonale yophiphiritsira. M'buku la Aroundhati Roy’s Mulungu wa Zinthu Zazing'ono , mtsinje, fakitale yotseguka, ndi “Malamulo a Chikondi” zimachokera ku kusiyanitsa kwa mapasa, kopangidwa ndi kagulu, mbiri, ndi chikondi choletsedwa. Mawu ophiphiritsirawo samakhala ponseponse m’lingaliro la kukhala achibadwa; ali onse, amatsimikizira kuti zizindikiro zamphamvu koposa za mawonekedwe a mawo nthaŵi ndi malo.

Kumaliza: Chiganizo Chochititsa Chidwi Pakati pa Iwe Wekha ndi Chizindikiro

Malo a zizindikiro sangokhala chabe madendene a zochitika; ndi maulendo a ku malo achinsinsi. Zizindikiro ndi kampasi ndi mapu, nyali ndi mphepo ya mkuntho. Mwa kalirole zimene zimasonyeza zinthu zoposa thupi, maulendo amene amachititsa kuti ayambe kutanthauza chinthu china chosiyana kwambiri, ndi zinthu zimene zimasunga moyo wolemera pa masamba, nthano zimatiphunzitsa kuti si malo enieni amene munthu amapita koma kuti nthano yopitiriza.

Olemba amene amapanga zizindikiro ndi cholinga amapatsa oŵerenga mphatso yaikulu: mwaŵi wa kuona masinthidwe awo osonyezedwa ndi luso. Mafufuze owonongeka a protagononist kapena makiyi okonzedwanso amamveka chifukwa chakuti oŵerenga, nawonso, atha kukayikira kuti anali ndani kapena kuti akufuna kukhala ndani. Kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro sikunawongoletse; ndi luso la kupanga zosaoneka. Pamene anthu akuyenda m’moto, akudutsa m’mipata, ndi kuyang'ana m’maso mwawo, chithunzi cha munthu mwiniyo chikhala nkhaniyo. Chomwe chidzapitiriza kubwerezapo pambuyo pa tsamba lomaliza chitembenuka.