Unansi wa ku Western ndi chivomezi wa nzimbe za ku Japan umaposa zaka zana limodzi, kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa njira zobwerekedwa, kufotokozerana nzeru zachibadwa, ndi kuyambitsanso kuŵiri. Ngakhale kuti zinenero zosiyanasiyana zowoneka ndi maso zimasonkhezera mwambo uliwonse, mafakitale aŵiriwo sanakhalepo opatulidwa. Kuchokera ku kuyesa kwapakamwa kwamakono kwa kuchuluka kwa dziko lonse, kupangira maluso a ku Yuropu amene akatswiri a zojambula za ku Japan amapanganso chinthu chinachake chawo chokha [1] ndi kutengera kulimba kwa mbiri ya kawone ndi maso kusiyira chizindikiro chosatha pa zotulutsidwa za Kumadzulo.

Magwero Obisika ndi Kuyamba kwa Mtanda

Chithunzithunzi choyenda chinawonekera pafupifupi panthaŵi imodzi mu United States, Yuropu, ndi Japan mkati mwa zaka makumi aŵiri oyambirira a zaka za zana la 20. Apainiya a Kumadzulo onga J. Stuart Blackton (amene 1906 filimu Homous Phass of Funny Faces kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa ntchito yoyamba yosangalatsa pa filimu yapampambo) ndi Émilehl maluso onga kuimitsa ndi kujambula kwa manja. Pamene mafilimu obwera kuchokera ku Japan, anakantha ojambula zithunzithunzi a kumaloko mofulumira.

Pakati pa 1914 ndi 1917, opanga mafilimu a ku Japan anapanga pafupifupi ntchito zazifupi khumi ndi ziŵiri, kaŵirikaŵiri zolembedwa ndi mabungwe a maphunziro kapena magulu a ndale zadziko. Mafilimu oyambirira ameneŵa anatsanzira choko-kulankhula ndi masitayelo amene adawona ku America ndi ku France. Mafilimu 1917 afupi Namura Gattana (Dall Rool), (apezedwanso mu 2008, amasonyeza mphamvu ya chigawo cha Western condicandicated imasonyezanso nthaŵi imene imakhala ndi miyambo ya ku Japan. Wopanga Filimu Juni’ichi Kōuchi, mmodzi wa masamu apadera, anaphunzira magazini ndi mafilimu kuti amvetsetse malingaliro ngati matan-sratection ndi maseactive, kenaka akuwawonetsa mafilimu a kujambula mafilimu a kujambulanso a ku filimu.

Nyengo imeneyi inayambitsa njira imene ingatanthauze zaka zana zotsatira: Luso la zopangapanga la Kumadzulo ndi galamala ya malamulo a kawonekedwe ka zinthu zina zinapanga zizindikiro zatsopano, ndipo opanga makina a ku Japan analabadira mwa kuphunzira maluso amenewo pamene anali kuwagwirizanitsa ndi malingaliro a kumaloko.

Disney Paradigm ndi Studio System

Pamene Walt Disney anatulutsa [FLT: 0] Woyera ndi Seven Dwarfs mu 1937, sikunangotsimikizira kuti mbali yosangalatsa ikhoza kuchirikiza chidziŵitso chonse cha sewero komanso inayambanso kupanga makina opangidwa ndi madipatimenti apadera, kukula kwa makhalidwe, ndi kamera ya mapulaneti ambiri. Akatswiri ojambula zithunziwo padziko lonse, ndi Japan sanali osiyana.

Mkati mwa 1930 ndi 1940, makampani opanga maluso a Japan anachitidwa pamlingo wocheperapo, kaŵirikaŵiri kudalira pa ndalama za sitima zankhondo ndi za boma. Komabe, madailekitala onga Kenzo Masaoka ndi Mitsuyo Seo anaphunzira ntchito ya Disney mopambanitsa. Masao’s 1943 filimu [FLT: 0] ndi Tulip [1] TuLP , ndi kachitidwe kake kake ka madzi ndi chiyambi chake, zinasonyeza mphamvu ya Disney, ngakhale kuti ndakatulo zake zowoneka bwino kwambiri zinali Japani. Kujambula kwake kokwanira mafaelo 24 pa sekondi imodzi yotchuka kunalibe ziwiya za Japani, zimene pambuyo pake zinafulumizira kufunafuna njira yopezera njira yopezera ndalama zambiri.

Disney anasintha kwambiri kuposa luso. Kusintha kwa malingaliro a mafilimu monga Bambi (1942) adaphunzitsa anthu a ku Japan kuti mafilimu angafotokoze nkhani zazikulu za kutayikiridwa, kukula, ndi kukongola. Phunziro limenelo lingamveke m'ntchito za Studio Ghibli zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake. Kumvetsa bwino kwambiri za mphamvu ya Disney yapadziko lonse kungapezeke ku Walt Netwoney Museum Family , imene ikufotokoza mmene masinthidwe oyambirira a Studio Ghiblics a dziko lonse lapansi.

Kusintha kwa Tezuka ndi Kusintha kwa Chuma kwa Zisonyezero Zochepa

Palibe munthu mmodzi amene amawonekera kukhala wamkulu pa indasitale ya anima kuposa Osamu Tezuka. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, Japan wowonongeka anafunikira zosangulutsa zofikirika, ndi Tezuka . adakonda ponse paŵiri Disney ndi Fleischer Studios’ Supurman [] machidule . Masewera ake a pa TV adawafuna kufikitsa, Astro Boy [[FLTF:3] (Truwan Atom]) anayambitsa kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa ufilosofi: kachitidwe kochepa.

Maseŵero ochepetsedwa, ogwiritsiridwa kale ntchito m'mafashoni a wailesi yakanema ku America ndi ma shodi onga Hanna- Barbera, anachepetsa chiŵerengero cha zithunzi pa sekondi imodzi, adagwiritsira ntchitonso ndandanda ya kuyenda, ndipo adadalira kwambiri pa kulankhulana ndi mfuti zamphamvu. Tezuka anakankhira mfundoyo mowonjezereka, nthaŵi zina kugwiritsira ntchito maframe asanu ndi atatu pa sekondi imodzi. Kulola Mushi Production kuyang'anizana ndi ndandanda ya kuulutsa ndandanda ya nsapato. Pamene kuli kwakuti Hanna-barbara’s [[FLT: 0] Flintos [FLT:] yosatsata] (1960) ndi Jets [FLT:] [1962] [1962]) kuonetsa kuti kupambana kwa malonda ku Westka, ngakhale kuwonjezera, zinatsimikizira kuti ndi kuyendayenda kwa .

Chithunzi cha Tezuka . Zotayika zotsika, kutchuka kwapamwamba kwa makampani opanga zinthu . Zinalola ma holoudio kukhala ndi ngozi zachuma, kuyesa nkhani zodetsa, ndi kuukira anthu osakhala ana aang'ono. Olemba ndi atsogoleri angagogomezere makhalidwe a anthu ndi mapu olakwika chifukwa chakuti kawonekedwe ka zinthu kanasintha kale ndi kufotokoza. Kuphulika kwa TV kwa ma TV mu 1970, kuphatikizapo zigawo zazikulu za ma adokopu ndi ojambula mlengalenga, kukanakhala kosatheka popanda kachipangizo ka Chingelezi kajambulidwa ndi kachipangizo kopanga zinthu.

Ma 1970 ndi Mkuntho Wotsatira

Kujambula kwa ku Western kwa ma 1960 ndi kuchiyambi kwa ma 1970, kuphatikizapo mpambo wonga Jonny Quest [1] (1964) ndi kachitidwe ka zinthu zojambulidwa za nyukiliya za ku Western zojambulidwa ndi kanema, zinapanga kujambula kosawoneka pa wailesi yakanema. America imasonyeza kuti kuseŵera kwa maseŵero kukhoza kuchititsa omvetsera kukhala ndi chidwi mlungu uliwonse. Ma holo a Japan anatengera phunzirolo ndi kulipititsira patsogolo, kupanga mizere yankhani imene inapanga zochitika zambiri.

Mtsogoleri wa wailesi yakanema Hiyao Miyazaki anayamba ntchito yake pa Fact Boy Conan (188]) akusonyeza kulinganiza kwamphamvu kumeneku. Nkhanizo, zozikidwa pa kabuku ka Alexander Key Tride yosaŵerengeka , kuphatikizapo kuyerekezera kwa kutsogolo kwa nthaŵi ya kutha kwa ambuku ndi kuzindikira kwa malo okhala kumene kukakhala chizindikiro cha Miyazaki. Myazaki waluso la kachitidwe kawo kanali ndi ngongole ya Trex Avery ndi ya ku Decneyss, komabe kugwiritsira ntchito kwa phee, kubisa, ndi ulemu kwa chilengedwe kunali kozama kwambiri kwa ku Japan.

Mkati mwa ma 1970, mastudio a ku Japan anayambanso kukonza ndi kusinthira mabuku a ku Western [1] Heidi, Girl of the Alps (1974], Anne a Green Gables [1997]) chifukwa cha wailesi yakanema kudzera mwa Masterdient Theater . Kusintha kumeneku, kopangidwa ndi Nippon Potory, anaphunzira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a ku Western Metho, pamene anali kuchepetsa kapetio kulola kupendedwa kwa moyo. Iwo anathandiza kuyeretsa kujambula kwa moyo wa moyo umene pambuyo pake ukadziŵitsa mipambo ya ma geno.

Chida Chotchuka: Chikhumbo Chotchuka Chotengedwa Kumadzulo

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa ma 1980, chuma cha Japan chinali kuchuluka, ndipo msika wa vidiyo wapanyumba unapanga njira yatsopano: Fordio Vidio FIEnce FIEnce (OVA). Atamasulidwa ku mandandanda a wailesi yakanema ndi kuulutsa, otsogolera anatha kulondola mapulogalamu apamwamba a mabodza, kuchuluka kwa omvera. Nyengo ino inachitika pamodzi ndi mafilimu anthano a sayansi a ku Western . Blade Runner [19982], Mtsogoleri wa mafilimu [FL:3] (19984]).

Katsuhiro Otomo’s Akira [1988] adakali mawu otsimikiza a nthaŵi ino. Dishtopian metair megaties , tsatanetsatane wa kuwonongeka kwa makina, ndi maluso a madzi anapangidwa ndi maluso osayerekezeredwa a ku Japan . Kupanga maluso oyenda okwanira panthaŵi imene wailesi yakanema idakali yodalira pa chitsanzo chochepa cha Tezuka. Otomo adaphunzira ndandanda ya mabuku a mafilimu a Western ficiac but ndi kuwala kwa filimu, ndi Akira] usiku wa cheza ndi filimu yokongola kuchokera ku Thupin Scolley. Komabe, filimu ya kudera la ku filimu, ndi kudera la chigawa cha ku Japan, kunali kuukira kwa filimu, ndi kuwonetsera.

Chaka chomwecho, Grave of the Firefs anasonyeza kuti kuletsa kukhoza kuchititsa tsoka la munthu pamlingo wa filimu yankhondo yamoyo yochitapo kanthu pamene mukugwiritsira ntchito kukhoza kwapadera kwa kujambula zinthu zenizeni ndi mawu. Otsutsa a kumadzulo anayamba kuzindikira. Mapwando a mafilimu a mitundu yonse anayamba kukonza masewero oumitsa mutu, ndi mtanda wa m’mphepete mwa kuwonjezera. Mungathe kujambula mwamwambo wa nyengo ya SOVAA yagolide kudzera m'zotsatira zolembedwa pa [[FLT:] [FLT]] Museum of Motion Pictures , imene kaŵirikaŵiri imapenda kudutsa kwa kuyendayenda kwa kujambula kwa madzomaseŵera kwa dziko lonse.

Kuchokera ku Western Hollywood Kutulukira Kuzama kwa Anime

Monga momwe maina aulemu a m'masitolo a Kumadzulo mkati mwa ma 1990 [1] kaŵirikaŵiri amakonzedwa kwambiri kaamba ka kuulutsa wailesi yakanema yonga Robotech [1] (kuphatikizana kwa mipambo itatu yolekanitsa) ndi yodabwitsa [[FLT:] Sailor Moon [[FLT]] [3]] , [1] Amisinkhu a Western anayamba kuzindikira kuthekera kwa kulephera kwa. Nkhani yofotokoza za ntchito zonga Evangelion [[FLT:] [5] (195]), yomwe inakonzanso gulu la zimphokosozo [m'akulu kupyola m'zindikiro zachipembedzo ndi matanthauzo, zoimiranso za mbadwo wa ku America ndi kutsogolo.

wailesi yakanema ya ku Western yakhala itatsekeredwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali m'zinthu ziŵiri: satedi ya ana kapena yaikulu . Aname anasonyeza kuti mpambo umodzi wotsagana ukhoza kuzungulira kuchokera ku kuponya khosi ndi kuwopsa kwa maganizo, ungaphe zilembo zokondedwa popanda chenjezo, ndipo ukhoza kukhulupirira omvetsera ake . "Kutsatira macheke osadziŵika bwino. Chiwonetso chimenecho pang’onopang’ono chinatulutsa Nickelope, Carton Network , ndipo potsirizira pake Disney Television Pont .

Chithunzi choyera kwambiri cha kusintha kumeneku ndi Atar: Msika wa Airbender [1] (2005-2008), wopangidwa ndi Michael Dante DiMartino ndi Bryan Konietzko. Mkhalidwe wa Avatar, kapangidwe kamphamvu ka ntchito yojambula ndi mafilimu ankhondo ndi sulukeni ndi sulungedwani ndi , ndi kudzipereka kwake ku zochitika za nyengo zitatu zotsatizana ndi mangawa ake kuyenera kuimbidwa ndi aime. Mir

Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta, Zopimira Malo, ndi Zochititsa Chidwi

Kusintha kwa makompyuta kumapeto kwa ma 1990 ndi kumayambiriro kwa ma 2000 kuchotsa zopinga za malo. Software yonga Toon Boom Harmony ndi Adobe Flash (tsopano pheefing) inalola ma holo aang'ono kulikonse padziko kupanga mafaniziro a kudyerera. Masewera a Web a Kumadzulo onga Hodystar Runner ndi kusonkhezera kwa aieee faith mafish kufalikira mwaufulu pa Intaneti, pamene masutudi a ku Japan anayamba kuphatikiza 3D CGI kaamba ka ine ndi chiyambi cha, njira yopimira ndi masuwatoko a ku America monga Pix.

Mwamsanga, kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwetsa masuku pamutu kunapatsa openyerera a Kumadzulo mpata wa kumvetsera mndandanda wa matenda a m'maola angapo a ku Japan. Kugaŵira kwa udzu kumeneku kunapanga masinthidwe: Zokonda za Western fanfes zinayambukiridwa ndi zimene zinavomerezedwa, zimene zinasonkhezera makomiti opanga a ku Japan opangidwa ndi Sries Spective . Cowboy Bebop’s jaz-noir aesthetic, Samurai Champlo’s hip-hop - Edo inde, ndi makomiti apamwamba a kuzungulira a ku Sries Sules Sult Spins adasonyeza kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lonse lapansi, osati miyambo ya mtundu wa dziko lonse.

Kuyenda kwa mapulatifomu onga Netflix ndi Crunchyroll kunafulumiza kugwirizana kumeneku. Mwa kupereka ndalama zoyambira ndi maluso, anapanga malo kumene showdi ya ojambula a ku Japan ingagwire ntchito ndi pulogalamu ya ku France, mapulani a kalembedwe angafooke chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa dziko lonse, ndipo kutulutsa madeti a dziko lonse m’malo mwa kugwedezeka. Mndandanda wa Netflix [FL: 0] Kansania [1] [20] , wolembedwa ndi wolemba Warren Ellis ndi wosangalatsa ndi Walhouse Studio, anagwiritsira ntchito kalembedwe kapedi kawoledi kapadera kapadera ka 1990 kajambu kajambu ka kulongosola nkhani ya kumadzulo. Ilo kanali koyera kapena koyera kwa kumadzulo kwa ku Chingelezi; inajambula ndi chizolowere ku piri.

Kuwoneka ndi Kuyambukiridwa ndi Zowoneka ndi Zochita za Anthu Lerolino

M'dziko lamakono, kusinthana sikumatsanzira mwachindunji ndipo kuli kochuluka ponena za nyimbo za dziko lonse. Zopanga za Kumadzulo nthaŵi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusaina kofotokoza nkhani [1] Mawu a m’kati mwa thupi, kuyang'ana kopambanitsa, kulimba kwa m'mitu yamphamvu, pamene kuli kwakuti ma aime situdio anabwereka mwaufulu kujambula mitundu ya kumadzulo, mapulinsipulo a magalasiti, ndi malens akanema.

Taganizirani mbali zotsatirazi zimene malire a dzikoli anasungunuka:

  • [[FLT : 0] Kapangidwe ka mawu: [[FLT :1] Kumadzulo amasonyeza Universe [1] ndi She-Ra ndi Kalonga wa Mphamvu [[FLT:]] amatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi ndi kufewetsa kosiyanasiyana kumene kumatulutsa chbi kunyanyira ndi kuyandikira kwa malingaliro. Mosiyana, chimine, mofanana ndi Haroademia Yanga [[[FLT:]] imajambula pa maluso aakulu a ku America ndi mawonekedwe.
  • Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Anime jasitiko ngati mtsamiro : "Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Ozu-mtsamiro" [1] Kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi a malo opanda kanthu kukulitsa mkhalidwe wa kulama [1] kwasamukira ku madewera a Kumadzulo monga [[FLT:] Nthawi [[FLT:] ndi [FLT:] ndi [FLT] Khoma la Garden Wall .
  • [[FLT: 0] Mapangidwe a mawu ndi a mawu: Magulu oimba othamanga a Studio Ghibli, osonkhezeredwa ndi mawonekedwe a ku Western sclacy ndi kumingism, amakhazikitsa muyezo umene mapokote a wailesi a Kumadzulo amaika, kuchokera ku [[FLT :] Kuphunzitsa Tragon Yanu kwa [FLT]] KLAus , tsopano akulondola mwamphamvu.
  • [[FLT : 0] Kukhwima kwa [1] Kukula kwa kumadzulo: Kujambula kwachikulire, komwe kunaikidwapo kukhala ngati [[FLT :2] Masimpson ndi Park wakum’mwera , kwafutukulidwa m'maseŵero enieni [[FLT:] ndi kuwona mtima kumene [FLT:] [[FLT] Maharkerman] ndi Kulephera [[FLT:]]. Zimenezi zimasonyeza kuchititsa tondo, chizindikiritso, ndi imfa zimene zinakhala zikuchitidwa kale kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Pamene Wophatikizayo Afotokoza Cholembedwa Chaluso

Kuti timvetse mmene zinthuzo zimakhudzira moyo wathu, mabuku angapo ofotokoza zinthu ayenera kuwapenda mosamala kwambiri.

Mzimu m’Chigoba (1995) ndi Chigawo (1999)

Mamoru Oshii ndi mafunso a filosofi a ku Japan onena za kuzindikiritsa. Mamor Oshii, mizinda ya maderesi mu Chichewa inali kale nkhani pakati pa mabuku a Western Internetppunk (Willam Gibson, Philip K. Dick) ndi Ajapani mafunso a za nzeru za anthu onena za chibwibwibwi. Mizinda yake ya mvula yopangidwa ndi mvula, ndi nsalu zopekedwa mwachindunji zinasonkhezera Wacho [[FLT:] The Movement , imene pobwerera kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa chiyambukiro cha chipolopolo, kuwonjezera magetsi, ndi chikopa chachikopa, ndi chotengera kusunthidwa kwa chiwiri cha chiwindi. Chipangizo chotchedwa Sel [FLD] chinakhala chosatheka kuwona m'Chiŵindi 2: [FLT] mu Seclomet [5] mu Sectopt [204] Fictoptoptop] [204] ndi Filosofiki ndi ku physsssssssss

Tekkonkreet (2006) ndi Chipimiyo cha Kumadzulo kwa Auteur

Michael Arias, mkulu wa ku America, anasintha Taiyo Matsuto’s manga [[FLT: 0] Tekkonkkreet [1] ndi Studio 4°C, kupanga mbali yoyamba ya nthochi yopangidwa ndi mkulu wa dziko la Japan. Kamera ya madzi, tsatanetsatane wa malo okhala , ndi kuphatikiza zojambulajambula za ku Japan ndi kujambula zithunzi za kumbuyo kwa . Chipambano cha mgwirizano umenewu chimatsegulira zitseko za mitundu yonse, monga Franco- Diagnome

Munthu Wauvege: Kuloŵa m’Nsanja Yaukali (208) ndi Gogo Wooneka wa Anime

Sony Pictures yopeka filimu yojambula filimu mozindikira kuchokera ku choloŵa cha anime: mizera ya liŵiro, kusuntha kopakidwa pa mapani othamanga, ndi maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi a kujambula zonse kumbuyo ku maluso otchuka ndi FLL[FL:1] ndi [FLT] [FLT] [] ndi [FLT] Kill la Kill [. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, filimuyo imajambula mawonekedwe ofewa ndi thekato imakhalabe yosiyana ndi ya Kumadzulo. Chotulukapo chinali chinenero chatsopano kwambiri. Chidapambana Academy Advodea Awawa ndi kusonkhezera mwamsanga, kuphatikizapo [Flustru: [4] KanFlust]

Mmene Zikhalidwe za Anthu Zimakhudzira Anthu

Palibe nkhani ya malo amakono amene anganyalanyaze ntchito yapadera ya anthu otchuka. Mapulaneti onga DeviltArthur, Tumbr, ndi pambuyo pake TikTok anapanga malo okongola kumene ojambulawo anasinthana ndi ma state, ndi opanga malungo opangidwa ndi ziwiya zamitundumitundu asanapezedwe. Akatswiri a kumadzulo akuphunzira kujambula malusowo m'ntchito yawo; ojambula a ku Japan a Preustrator pa Pixiv anatengera ntchito yojambula zithunzi za ku Western digics zimene zinaonedwa pa ArtStation.

Misonkhano, kuseŵera, ndi kujambula, ndi kujambula kwa mavitamini kunathetsanso malire pakati pa wogula ndi mlengi. Kufunidwa kwa maiko a Kumadzulo kwa ma trope . monga ngati isekekai (kuyerekezera kwina kwa dziko) kapena kung'amba kwa moyo wa yayashikekei . Zigamulo zopangidwa mozungulira ku Japan. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ma stedie die stidiredie stidirea nthaŵi zonse amatchula steam hyd , ndi mkupiti za osonkhezera a a asopopeti a kupambana zolinga zawo. Nthawi zonse, mapepala a ku kampani a kumadzulo amajambula makampani opanga mapulojeti a mapulojetiwo nthaŵi zonse amatchula kuti asonkhetsa, ndi kuyendetsa msika zonse ziŵiri.

Kugwirizana kwa Mabungwe ndi Mtsogolo

Ma holo aakulu tsopano amapanga unansi. Mafilimu oyambirira a Netflix Creator a Netfe ku Tokyo amatumikira monga malo ogwirizanitsa maluso a Japani ndi olemba ndi otsogolera a mitundu yonse. Woulutsa nkhani wa ku France Canal+ cone famince a nyengo. Warner Brots. Japan amapanga mafilimu ojambula mafilimu a m'mafilimu amodzi a Hollywood okhala ndi moyo- zochita. Mathangawa a mabungwe ameneŵa amapanga mapaipi achikhalire kaamba ka kusinthana ndi ndalama.

Kuyang'ana kutsogolo, chiyambukiro chake nchofutukukira osati kuzima. Maluso enieni opanga zinthu . Mabuku, injini zenizeni za masewera , makompyuta amakono kuti afanane ndi moyo-wochita filimu, kubwereka chilankhulo cha lens ya ziwiya za kumadzulo pamene akusunga mtundu wa manja opangidwa ndi kachipangizo ka ka kachipangizo ka m'manja. Magewu pakati pa 2D ndi 3D, omwe kale anali kutsogolo kotsutsana, afewetsa; mafashoni a madesipo amene amatsanzira 2D adama, luso longa mafikito a ku Western Sroaults asanayambe kutengedwa ndi okonza mapilo a ku Japan.

Ngakhale zochitika za metavers ndi V synthesis . Chinenero cha pafupifupi Afanimatiki chili ndi ngongole zofanana ndi maluso a ku Western programmes, maluso a ku Japan opanga ma trope, ndi kutulukira kwenikweni kwa masiku a kusewera. Sikwabwino kufunsa ngati kapangidwe kena kake kanachokera ku West kapena Japan; kuti zinthu zimene zilipo nzakuti chilengedwe chonse chimapanga nkhani yotchuka kwambiri yofotokoza za kawonedwe kuposa mmene mwambo uliwonse ungachitire.

Kumaliza

Mbiri ya kuwonjezerapo ndi kuwonjezera ku kayendedwe ka makampani a ku Western. Kuchokera ku makampani a antime si nkhani wamba ya njira imodzi yolamulira ina. Ndilo kukambitsirana kwa zaka mazana ambiri kwa mayanjano otsatizana kumene maluso, nkhani, ndi mafilosofi amaperekedwa, wothamanga aliyense akuwonjezera liŵiro ndi kalembedwe. Kuchokera ku makampani a japansi ndi otchuka kwambiri opanga zithunzi. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi otchuka, zolemba za ku America zochokera ku malo otchuka, kudzera ku Tezuka zimene zinatembenuza maluso aluso kwambiri kukhala maluso, ku malingana lerolino, kugwirizanitsa amakono, mafilimu apanga ena a zithunzi zokondedwa kwambiri ndi zokopa zopangidwapo. Olemba mbiri yakale ndi otchukawo amasinthanitsa malondawo, zolemba zolembedwa zotchuka kwambiri.