Mabuku a zoseketsa a ku Western akhalapo nthaŵi zonse pa kuwombana kosayembekezereka kwa dziko. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ofalitsa onga kuzizwitsa ndi DC analinganiza zochitika zazikulu zimene zinaphatikiza madesiki, kuyambitsa kusintha kwa maluso a zithunzithunzi, kapena kuponya ma flames ndi mametamans pamodzi pamodzi m'kulimbana kodabwitsa. Koma malongosoledwewa a bata, mtundu wochuluka wa mpikisano wa m'maseŵera wa m'deralo wakhala ndi mphamvu: kuphatikizana kwadala kwa Ajapaniane ne ma ma ma enthetics, tropes, ndipo ngakhale kufuula mwachindunji m'malemba a steous . Zithunzi zimenezi zimawonekera kupyola mazira wamba a Isitala . Zing'onozing'onozi ndi kuzungulira mphamvu zamakono, zomwe zimawonekera ndi kukongola kwa olemba ndi olemba olemba mabuku onse aŵiriwo. [FFFFF: FT] [FF] ndi ku trans, monga momwe zimawonekera kwa zivosssssssss, kuti kuzungulira kwa anthu ambiri kuzungulira kwa anthu a m’madera a m’

Kukula kwa Animics ya Kumadzulo

Mizu ya kuloŵetsedwa kwa anime m'mabukhu odabwitsa a ku America imatsatira kuyambira m'ma 1980 ndi ma 1990, pamene mpambo wonga [[FLT: 0] Akira , Ghost mu Shell [[FLT]], ndi [FLT] Sailor Moon [[FL] [5] yoyamba kupezedwa trakiti kunja kwa Japan. Mabaibulo oyambirira kaŵirikaŵiri anatsegulidwa kuŵerenga chamanze - kumanja, koma ngakhale kuti kachitidwe kodabwitsa kanali kopeputsa chithunzi. Ojambula zithunzithunzi zogwira ntchito kaamba ka DC ndi ma mersssssssss adakopa ndi kukopa maluso ambiri a ku Japan. Mukhoza kutulukira njira zachilendo ndi kuulutsa kwamphamvu yamphamvu ya kutsogolo, ngakhalensonkhoma ndi kutembenuzanya, kugwiritsa ntchito kwamphamvu kwamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu yamphamvu ya m’madzi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa anthu ambiri.

Kuipitsa kumeneku sikunali khwalala limodzi. Ma holo a Japan kaŵirikaŵiri anasintha malo a makomiki a ku America kukhala a iwo eni, kuchokera ku mdima wa directive [[FLT: 0] Batman: Gotham Knight kujambula kwa omvetsera olinganizidwa mokwanira [[FLT:]] Marvel Disk Warss [[FLT:] . Kusintha kulikonse koloŵetsedwa m'chinthu cha magwero, kulimbitsa olemba a ku America kujambula zilembo zawo ndi magigilu owoneka ndi kaŵiri kokha kumene kukanasintha. Pamisonkhano, ma cosques anayamba kusakaniza ndi [FLD] [FF:NUT]

Malo Oonekera ndi Kujambula

Akatswiri ojambula zinthu zouziridwa mofala amagwiritsira ntchito zojambula zokhala ndi magetsi zokhala ndi magetsi zokhala ndi zojambula zokhala ndi magetsi zokhala ndi mizere yochititsa chidwi. Tsamba looneka bwino la Wolverine lodumphadumpha ndi zingwe zotambasuka lingavomere kujambula kujambula kwa chiwiya cha Bleach . Zosankha zimenezi sizichitika mwangozi. Mapensulo ambiri alankhula poyera za kuphunzira kutsendeka kwa Studio Trag kapena mzera wa CLP kuwonjezera mphamvu ya [FLMP] ku lingaliro lachibadwa la za kuzoloŵera ndi kuzoloŵera kwa kuzoloŵera kwa ku America.

Imodzi ya njira zodziŵika kwambiri ndiyo “kuwombera kwatsopano” kotengedwa ku aime: nkhope ya munthu imapanda mawu kaamba ka chiŵiya, ndiyeno imaphulika kukhala kupotoka kwachikondwero ndi misozi yokwanira kapena mlomo wokhotakhota. DC’s Harley Quinn [1] mpambo wa munthu, pansi pa mlembi ndi albist , wamira kwambiri m'mawu ameneŵa, akuonetsa Harley monga wojambula wamoyo amene angathyoke khoma lachinayi ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi ya 1990 ōshjo proganist. Momwemondwerani, pamene akufa akuwonekera m’buku lina lowopsa kwambiri la X-Amans, buku lokhala lomveka bwino, lomveka bwino, lomveka bwino kwambiri.

Ngakhale zilembo zofiira za zovala zimasonyeza chikhoterero chimenechi. Kamara Khan’s Magiya wodabwitsa wapangidwa ndi mizere ya m'madzi ndi maonekedwe otsekereza zimene zimandikumbutsa suti ya woyendetsa ndege wa jasi, pamene malumbiro a Iron nthaŵi zina amadzutsa sleek, mametal a fisiti ya [FLT] GENEN Evangelion [1]. Zimenezi nzobisika , chipsepse cha phee, ndipo kwa otsatsa malonda amene akhala akuthamanga kwa maola ambiri, mzera watsalira uli wolondola.

Zingwe ndi Malingaliro Odzionetsera

Kuposa luso lakujambula, zilembo zambiri za makomiki za ku America tsopano zokhala ndi madeti aakulu omwe anachokera ku manga ndi aime. “Nthambi yamphamvu ya mwazi” imene imapeza mphamvu kupyolera mwa kutsimikiza mtima ndi maubwenzi ali mbadwa yachindunji ya mtovu wa suluken. Pamene Jon Kent, Superman, imayang'anizana ndi mdani ndi mphamvu zokulira zamphamvu zochokera ku ku chigamulo cha malingaliro, nkhaniyo ikujambula kuchokera ku chitsime chomwe chinatipatsa ife Goku Sayan ndi Deku’Zuik Cowlings chungs. Tsopano imawoneka ngati gulu la anthu opikisanawo, chotero ku [FLT:] [FLT:] [FT] [5] "NT] "NUT] ndi kudana nawo.

Masinthidwe a masalaulo apezanso mafilimu a Kumadzulo. Pamene Zatanna alankhula mawu ndi zovala zake zapakalipa kuzungulira thupi lake mu liboni ya kuunika, malongosoledwewo amafanana ngati kuulutsidwa kwachindunji kwa Sailor Moon kusinthika kwa chithunzithunzi. Ngakhale malongosoledwe a mpambo wochepa wa zinthu [“masewera oikizidwa a maphunziro, kugonjetsedwa, ndi chilakiko chomalizira cha [1] Kugonjetsa mawonekedwe a Satga kukonzedwa ndi Yu Yu Kus Hahos : 3 [FLT] ndi [FLT:] AHHHHFFF [FF] AFFFF] A. Zimenezi zikumveka bwino kwambiri chifukwa chakuti alenjezedwa ndi otchuka, omwe amakula kwambiri.

Dialogue, nayonso, imanyamula zilozero zosewera. Munthu wina anganene kuti “Nani?” Panthawi ya nkhondo yamphamvu kwambiri, kapena wothamanga anganene kuti asuntha mofulumira kwambiri choncho adachoka “ndi Chidutswa chimodzi [[[FLT: 0] Kamodzi] kachiwiri. Masewera ameneŵa sachedwa kuchotsa malo ozungulira; m’malo mwake, amapanga chinthu chosangalatsa kwa oŵerenga zinenero ziŵiri kapena opembedza. Ndi mawu ofanana ndi kugwedezeka pa tsamba, kuvomereza kuti masiku ano mafilimu sadziimira pa chinthu chimodzi.

Zodabwitsa ndi Zomwe DC Anapanga

Ofalitsa aŵiriwo “Big Aŵiri” ali ndi ntchito zonse zimene zimaphatikiza mwachindunji magalasi a mamina ndi helihero. Mantabide [[FLT: 0] . Mzera wa mamenti [magita] kuyambira kuma 2000] unakhalanso Akufa, X-M, ndi Fanttastic Yachinayi kupyola m'lens youziridwa kwambiri, yokwanira ndi chibi yodulidwa ndi liŵiro. Ngakhale kuti moyo wake waufupi, chiwonetsero chosonyeza kudzipereka chenicheni cha kusanganiza maluso aŵiri ndi kudziŵikitsa ojambula ndi oimba nyimbo za ku Japan monga Ben Dunn. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, [FLD] [FLD2] inafalitsidwa ndi munthu wotchuka m'nkhani zakufa.

DC ili ndi zipambano zake za mtanda. Mafano ndi mavitamini a physics opangidwanso monga ma freen a secure, ndi changu chozungulira mzerawo chotsogolera ku kubisa zinthu zimene mwadalashōjo. [[FON] 2019 [FL:] Tenties Go! [FFT:3] chochitika cha “Titan Roar! " ndi chokwanira cha trin trop of tropes, koma chachinsinsi chinachitika m'mayambo pamene Dayi Yayyy Yayn inaphunzitsidwa mwachidule [FFFUN:] [FFFFFFFFFFF] ndi , yosanja ya mtonzengwa. [FF4]

Mwinamwake chitsanzo chapamwamba kwambiri chimachokera ku Bizare Admion Kampasi yaposachedwapa. Malo okongola, ntchito yojambula ndi yogulitsa ndi yogulitsa ya Carol Datmoepoeia anapezeka m'mbali imene aliyense wolankhula kupyolera mwa Joo’s Bizarre Adting imawonekera. Malowonjezedwawo okongola, flamboy a mzera wokongola ndi womangira ndi womangirapoia m'makeyakeyake , ngakhale kuti nkhani yonse inali mu Chingelezi. Mawu a mkonzi a mkonziyo analongosola kuti: “Inde, amene ali ulemu weniweni, ndi inde, Hiroko Araki adziŵa. Mitundu imeneyi ya kugulitsana kwa pakati pa anthu ogulitsana malonda ndi otchuka, imakhala yogulitsa ndi kugulitsana malonda ndi kugulitsana kwa anthu.

Indie Comics ndi Kusintha kwa Manga

Opanga adziko-lomya achititsa kuti alimi ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otsalira. Omasulidwa kuchokera ku kupitiriza kwa zipikica za kampani, ofalitsa monga Chithunzi, BOOM ! Studios, ndi Vault Comics apange ntchito zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimafanana ndi ma ma mangapo a ku Western America kuposa a a azungu. [[FL:] Suctut [[FLT]] Pricial , [FOL:1] mpambo wa Brown Lee O’Malley ndi chitsanzo chotchuka cha Brown , ngakhale kuti amapanga mavidiyo-ganito, koma nthaŵi yake ya madetime, mawu a nkhope, ndi opikisana ndi . Zomwe sizingakhudzetsedwe kwambiri m'chimwe zachimwe. [FT.FFN:]

Mike Mugnola’s [[FLT: 0] Brook [[FLT: 1], pamene kuli kwakuti amachokera ku mlingo wa nyukiliya, nthaŵi zina amatembenukira ku nthano za ku Japan ndi nkhani zimene zimadzimva ngati Mushushi [1] [[FLT] mwa njira ya Chikondi. Mlengi-drumun Weblyctures pa mapulatifomu onga Webtoon ndi Tapas angowongoletsedwanso [1] Ambiri amakokedwa m'folo yochokera pansi pa pepala lachia ku Korea kwa Manhwa ndi Chijapaniya, ndi m’kamzere wawo wotchuka ndi zionetsero zokongola (mo [[FLD]] Arcchi [FT] [FLT]]

Mazira a Isitala ali ndi mabukhu a mazira amwazi ambiri. Chikalata cha mbiri yakale chingalengeze maluwa ongopeka otchuka ndi dzina laulemu limene lili ndi kuchenjera kwa kuwerenga ndi kulimbikitsa lingaliro la chikhalidwe chimodzi. Iwo amayambitsanso makambitsirano onena za kupeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwaluso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Kufufuza kwa Polygon kwa chisonkhezero cha manga pa makomiki a Kumadzulo [1] Kudziŵa kuti ndi nyenyezi zamphamvu zotani zimene zilipo, kuphatikizapo Sana Takeda ndi Jorge Jiménez, amayamikira poyera kuti nyenyezi zamphamvu ndi zosonkhezera kwambiri pa kujambula ndi makhalidwe awo. Kuchuluka kwa matalente kwakulitsa kotheratu maina apamwamba, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kupenyeratu thambo lakuthambo Lachitatu popanda kuyang'ana thambo lokongola.

Kusintha Chikhalidwe ndi Kuchilandira Mwachidwi

Kulandira kwa zilozero za nthano za ku America kumakhala pa kudutsana kochititsa chidwi kwa malonda ndi pulomenti. Pamene achitidwa mwanzeru, zolembedwa zingapange malonda aakulu a zinthu za m'mafakitale; otsatsa malonda amajambula zithunzithunzi ndi kuziika pa Reddit, Disnord server, ndi Twitter, kumene amagwira ntchito monga kutsatsa malonda aulere kwa masewero ndi a avitamine olemekezedwa. Kukhoza kuchititsa kugulitsa zinthu modabwitsa. Ofufuza anena kuti nkhani zosonyeza ngakhale kampando kamodzi [[FLT:] Attack pa Tito [1] . Attack akufuula mobwerezabwereza m'malemba a olemba zinthu zimene amagula kaŵirikaŵiri, kusonyeza kuti mchira wautali wa gulu la otchuka ndi otchukawo ali olephera. Ofalitsa satha kunyalanyaza mphamvu.

Komabe, kachitidweko kali ndi ngozi. Ngati buku likuona kuti ndi lokakamiza kapena lokhutiritsa, likhoza kusokoneza omvetsera. Ena apolisi amanena kuti kuika chibi gags m'maluwa oopsa a Batman, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amayamikira kulira kwa mawu. Palinso vuto la kujambula kwa chikhalidwe ndi kuyamikira. Pamene wojambula wa ku Japan amalemba mawu osonyeza kuti ndi wochezeka, koi nsomba zomwazikana m’kukambitsirana, popanda kulemekeza tanthauzo lake, zotsatira zake zingaŵerengedwe ngati nthano. Zolembapo zambiri zimachita ndi chidziŵitso ndi chikondi. Ojambulawo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala odzikongoletsa, amene amadzimvetsetsa okha, amene amamva bwino kwambiri [Flpt:]

Academic yayamba kupenda mmene kupendera masinthidwe ameneŵa a dziko lonse. Nyuzipepala mu Journal of Popular Culture (kupezeka mwachidule kudzera ] Projectie Musse [[FLT]]] ) yosanthula mayankhidwe a oŵerenga ku mazira a Isitala ndi kupeza kuti amachita monga “mapasipoti,” kulola oŵerenga a Kumadzulo kumva kuti akugwirizana ndi Japan ndi kupeta kwachiŵiri kwa ku Asia , kuona kuti munthu wawo wokondedwa wosonyezedwa m’masamba a Chigwirizano cha Chiyankhuni angavomerezedwe motsimikizirika. Zimasonyeza kuti kugonjera kwawo kwa miyambo sikungoonedwa.

Kusintha kwa M’tsogolo ndi Kudalirana kwa Mayiko

Pamene malire a pakati pa zoulutsira mawu akupitirizabe kutha, muyezo wa “Western comiaint” ndi“maning” potsirizira pake ungasiye kukhala watanthauzo. Kugwirizanitsa kwaposachedwapa kwa Webtoon-style, chipambano cha Marvel Meow [[FLT]] m'bat , ndi kukwera kwa zidutswa zonga Lamlungu, (zimene zimasinthasinthasintha, zojambula ndi zojambula kuchokera ku maluwa ochokera kuzungulira dziko) zonsezo zilozero zonse za mtsogolo kumene shelukedi ya mabuku salekanidwanso ndi“ Zambia ndi . Zochitika za . Zochitika za m'mabwalo zidzakhala zotchuka kwambiri, mwina kuphatikizapo zochitika zenizeni zimene zimalola oŵerenga kuyang'anizana ndi mafomu ogwirizana a ukwati.

Makina omasulira ayamba kufululira zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, ComiXology Exploricts, yayesa ndi mawailesi ndi mizere yoyenda imene imaseŵera pamene mukuŵerenga, kutsanzira chidziŵitso cha mawu a aime. Panthaŵiyi, zipangizo zotembenuzira za AI zikupangitsa kukhala zosavuta kwa anthu a ku Japania doujundins kufalitsa pa mapulatifomu a Western, ndi kusiyanitsa, kutuluka m'macheza enieni a padziko lonse. Zotsatirazo zikhoza kupangidwa ndi siteshoni ku Shibuya ndi ng’ombe ku New York, ndi masinthidwe amodzi mu [FLT:] Sukn Shoven .

Chimodzi nchotsimikizirika: zilozero za Thosey si masitayelo akutha. Ndizo zotsatirapo zomveka za mbadwo umene umayang'ana mopambanitsa. Malinga ndi kuthamanga kwa mawu, kuthamanga, kuuluka, ndi kunyong'olana pa mayanjano awo, kudzakhala chipinda cha “Plus Ultra". Maluso, maso, ndi kulira kwa malingaliro kwa mbadwo kwakhala mbali ya mawu ofala a maseŵero. Ngati titayamba kulira, kuuluka, ndi kunyodola ndi kukongola kwa mayanjano awo, kudzakhala chipinda cha“ Plus Ultra" kapena kuthamanga kwa liŵiro. Pakuti, mawu alionse ndi mphatso yapansi pathu, kuti nkhani zachikondi n’zosasinthasintha.

Mmene Mungachotsere Mawu Osonyeza Anime m’Chikomyunizimu Chanu

Kwa oŵerenga amene angoyamba kumene kusaka, pali zizindikiro zingapo zosonyeza kuti wojambula kapena wolemba akukokera chisoti chawo ku chisoti:

  • Mizere ya liŵiro ndi kuyang'ana: Kusintha mwadzidzidzi ku mizere ya mizere kumbuyo kwa chizindikiro, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi maluŵa kapena nyenyezi, imatsanzira mwachindunji kuyang'anitsitsa kwa malingaliro kogwiritsiridwa ntchito mu shōjo manga.
  • Sweat imagwa ndi zizindikiro za mitsempha: Pamene chizindikiro chikwiya ndipo kamtsempha kopingasa kawonekera pamphumi pawo, chimenecho chiri tanthauzo lachindunji kuchokera ku maso a Japani.
  • Kusweka kwa Chibi : Mkhalidwe wokokedwa kwa kanthaŵi mu mtundu wapamwamba, wa mutu wa mutu waukulu sungakhale nthaŵi zonse chizindikiro cha nthaŵi yosakhala yofunika kwambiri yobwerekedwa ku zopereka za medic.
  • Ulemu m’chitsanzo: Mawu onga “-san,” kapena“ senkai” yowonekera m'mabaluni a kulankhula kwa Chingelezi kaŵirikaŵiri imasonyeza kuti wolankhulayo ali kaya web kapena wolembayo akuseketsa.
  • Kusintha: Ngati zovala za ngwazi zivala m'mawonekedwe onyezimira kapena kuima pakati pa metts kaamba ka mphamvu ya pepala lonse, chisonkhezero cha manga chimakhala chowonekera bwino.
  • Kulimbana ndi mipikisano: Mzera wonse wa nthenda wopatulidwa ku mzere wolinganizidwa wa mameseji amodzi olinganizidwa, okwanira ndi makambitsirano olimbitsa mphamvu, ndimpangidwe wotchuka wa magetsi wachilendo wa ku macapide a Kumadzulo okha.

Nthaŵi yotsatira pamene mutsegula kope latsopano, penyererani kaamba ka malingaliro ameneŵa.

Zofufuzira Zowonjezereka

Ngati mungakonde kukumba mozama m’mphambano ya makomiki a ku America, mfundo zingapo zoyamba zokonzedwa bwino zingakutsogolereni:

  • Nkhani ya CBR [[FL: 0] Times Shonen Manga Ifection Superhero Comics [1] imathyola malo ena ndi mizere ya nsanja yokhala ndi kuyerekezera.
  • O’Malley’s [[FL:0] Spects ndi Spect Spect zosonkhanitsidwa za mitundu zikukhalabe makalasi odziŵa bwino kuphatikiza chinenero choonera ndi chinenero cha Kumadzulo chosavuta kumva.
  • Kaamba ka kuwona kwa m'mbiri, funafunani Fred Patten’s Watching Anime , Kuŵerenga Manga: 25 Zaka za Essays ndi Review , zimene zimatsata fardom yoyambirira imene inatsegula njira kaamba ka malo ozungulira amakono.
  • Nkhani za mu vidiyo Mawonekedwe a Ojambula [[FLT: 1] pa Inu kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi mafunso a ojambula ozizwitsa ndi a DC amene akukambitsirana mwatsatanetsatane zolemba zawo.
  • Pomalizira, Maseŵero a mphamvu [1] Ofesi ofalitsidwa ndi BOOM ! Studios ndi kufutukulidwa kwachindunji kwa Super Sentai anai . Ntchito imene mwachibadwa imalamulira maiko aŵiri ndipo njodzala ndi zilozero ku mabaibulo onse aŵiri a ku Amereka ndi ku Japan a Arander Fatos.

Monga ndi kukambitsirana kulikonse kwa chikhalidwe, njira yabwino koposa yoyamikirira kuipitsa kumeneku ndiyo kukumana ndi mbali zonse ziŵiri. Onerani zochitika zingapo za animi yotchuka, ndiyeno bwererani ku kachidutswa ka nyukiliya waposachedwapa; mudzayamba kuyang'ana pa nsinga zimene olengawo alukana ndi cholinga ndi chimwemwe. Kukambitsirana pakati pa mawotchi ndi kanema kukupitirizabe, ndipo sikumasonyeza chizindikiro cha kuchedwetsa.