Kuchokera kwa mafumukazi oipa a nthano kufikira kwa akatswiri odabwitsa a mafilimu amakono, olakwa ali pamalo apadera m’maganizo a anthu. Iwo sali chabe zopinga kwa ngwazi kuti zigonjetse; iwo ali maso osonyeza nkhaŵa zamphamvu ndi mawindo a chitaganya kunsi kwa mbali zodabwitsa kwambiri za maganizo a anthu. Kumvetsetsa mpandu ndiko kufunsa mafunso osakondweretsa ponena za mphamvu yathu ya nkhanza, kupeputsa malamulo a makhalidwe abwino, ndi tanthauzo lenileni la ufulu. Kufufuza kumeneku kumagwirizanitsa pamodzi filosofi, nzeru za maganizo, ndi luso la zosimba zinthu zopanga zinthu zopangitsa akatswiri a maganizo a anthu kukhala ochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Kuipa: Kufufuza Kogometsa

Anthu afilosofi asintha kwambiri maganizo awo pa nkhani ya mmene zinthu zinayambira, mmene zinayambira, mmene zinayambira, ndiponso mmene zinakhalira.

Plato ndi Kusadziŵa kwa Zabwino . M'nkhani za Solta , kuipa sikumavomereza mwadala kuipa chifukwa cha kulakwa kwake. Plato adatsutsa kuti anthu nthaŵi zonse amalunjikitsa zimene amalingalira kukhala zabwino; kulakwa kumachokera ku kusoŵa chidziŵitso kapena kumvetsetsa kolakwika kwa ubwino. Wankhanza, m’lingaliro limeneli, sali chiwopsezo cholakalaka chiwonongeko koma moyo wochititsidwa ndi mkhalidwe wa chilungamo, kulondola zosangalatsa zothetsa mavuto aakulu. Lingaliro limeneli limasonyeza kuti kaŵirikaŵiri zolakwa ndi zinthu zoipa, kufunafuna zabwino zimene zimawasunga iwo m’kugwidwa m’kuvulaza.

Augustine ndi Chikalata cha Kuwonjezedwa kwabwino . . Augustine adapereka kusintha kwa zaumulungu kumene kunasonkhezera zaka mazana ambiri a malingaliro a Kumadzulo. Kwa iye, kuipa sikunakhale ndi chibadwa chake; kunali chivundi kapena kusakhalapo kwa chabwino, monga ngati chilonda chiri kusoŵeka kwa thanzi m’thupi. Mpandu, pamenepo, sali wodzazidwa ndi mkhalidwe woipa koma wabwino umene walengedwa. Chiphunzitso chimenechi, chodziŵika monga naoniyo [FLT] [FLT]], chimatanthauza kuti ngakhale woluluzika wonyansa kwambiri, amasunga mbali zina za ubwino woyamba, kulowa mumdima, osati cholengedwa chilichonse.

ndi Chilungamo Chachikulu [[FLT: 1] . Immanuel Kant anabweretsa vutolo kotheratu m'malo a ufulu wa anthu. Analankhula za “zoipa zachibadwa cha munthu . monga chikhoterero chachibadwa cha kuchepetsa lamulo la makhalidwe abwino kuti adzikondweretse. Si mphamvu yakunja koma kusiyanitsa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Mpandu, m'banja la Kantian, ali ndi liŵongo lenileni la chosankha chimenecho. Zimenezi zimatitsutsa ife kuwona kukhala zoipa osati monga zinthu zotsimikizirika za malo awo okhala koma monga osonkhezera amene, amadziŵa lamulo lamakhalidwe, mwadala amasankha kuiipitsa.

Filosofi yamakono inawonjezeranso mbali ina: kusokonezeka kwa kuipa . Hannah Arendt, akusimba za kuyesedwa kwa Adolf Eichmann, adawona kuti kawirikawiri kamachita zinthu zachilendo osati chifukwa cha udani wauchiŵanda koma chifukwa cha kusalingalira, ntchito, ndi kulephera kochititsa mantha kuyerekezera malingaliro a wina. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti kulakwa kungakhale kodzionetsera ndi dziko, kutikumbutsa kuti ozindikira kuti andale safunikira kuseketsa ndi kuseka kwa munthu. Iwo angakhale ofatsa amene amachitira umboni lamulo. (Exlore Arendt'. Kukambitsirananso kwa [FFF:]

Sayansi ya Maganizo Oipa

Kodi ndi njira ziti zimene zimasonkhezera munthu kuvulaza ena mobwerezabwereza?

Vuto la Umunthu ndi Mkhalidwe Wokonda Kutengeka Maganizo

Mapu ambiri osaiŵalika a mabuku amajambula bwino lomwe mapikica odziŵika m’kaundula wa zamaganizo, ngakhale ngati sangapeze matenda enieni a matenda a maganizo, koma kuti adziŵe kuti magulu ena a nyenyezi aumoyo amapanga kachitidwe kankhanza.

  • [[FLT: 0] Narcissistic Personal Disorder: [[FLT: 1] Kudzitamandira kwakukulu, kusoŵa kwakukulu kwa kukhumbira, ndi kusamverana kwakukulu kumachititsa munthu kukhala ndi khalidwe limene lidzagwiritsira ntchito molakwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa. Ganizani za Iago kuchokera ku [[FLT:] Zomake], zimene zikuchititsa nsanje ndi kunyada kupha miyoyo yake kuti adziwonere. Mabuku amagwirizanitsa njira imeneyi ndi kudziona ngati wosalimba ndi kunyada. (Kuphunzira kwambiri pa [FLT:] Psychology Today [FF:]]
  • Disophone ya Kusoŵeka kwa Anthu: Kunyalanyaza kofala kaamba ka zoyenera za ena, kosonyezedwa ndi chinyengo, kusagwirizana ndi makhalidwe a anthu. Joker imachitira chitsanzo ichi ndi kuswa kwake kosangalatsa malire alionse. Kufufuza kosalekeza kumasonyeza kuti anthu oterowo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi chisoni chamaganizo chakuya, kukhoza kuŵerenga malingaliro a ena . Koma kugwiritsa ntchito icho kuipitsa mmalo mwa chifundo.
  • Burline Personal Disorder: [[FLT: 1] Kusakhazikika kwa malingaliro, zoyesayesa zopambanitsa za kupeŵa kusiyidwa, ndi kufooka kwa kudzidziŵikitsa kungatulutse zigawenga zimene nkhanza zimatuluka ndi kupweteka kwakukulu. Liwongo la mkazi Macbeth ndi kusamva bwino kwake, potsirizira pake kuswa ubongo wake, kubwereza chipwirikiti chachikulu cha mkati mwa kachitidweka.

Mthunzi wa Kuvulala

Akatswiri a maganizo amati mavuto oyambirira angasokoneze kutukuka kwa makhalidwe abwino ndi kuchititsa anthu kuona zinthu mopanda malire m’dziko lonse.

  • Kuzunza ndi kunyalanyaza ana: Voldemort, wokulira m'nyumba ya ana amasiye yopanda chikondi, amaphunzira kwanthaŵi yoyamba kuti mphamvu ndiyo ndalama yokha imene imatsimikizira chisungiko. Kulondola kwake kosadziletsa kwa kusafa kungaŵerengedwe monga kuthaŵa kothedwa nzeru kosoŵa nzeru kumene anakumana nako pamene anali mwana.
  • Kukana ndi kudzipatula: Cholengedwa mu Mary Shelley’s Fradenstein chimakhala choipitsitsa kokha pambuyo pa kukanidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mlengi wake ndi chitaganya. Chiwawa chake ndicho kuchonderera kopotozedwa kwa kuvomereza, kusonyeza mmene kunyada kungasokonezere kufunika kwa kuyanjana ndi kubwezera.
  • Zisoni ndi chisoni chocholoŵana: M'nkhani zosaŵerengeka, imfa ya wokondedwa imakhala yozungulira. Kusintha kwa Darth Vader kumasonkhezeredwa ndi mantha a kutaya Padmé, kumtsogolera ku mbali yakuda imene imalonjeza kulamulira imfa yeniyeniyo. Zotulukapo za kupha anthu ambiri nzowopsa, komabe malingaliro a munthu ali mantha aakulu a kutaikiridwa.

Kupotoza Maganizo ndi Kuphophonya kwa Makhalidwe

Villans samadziyesa oipa. Amapanga zolungamitsa zazikulu zimene zimawalola kukhala ndi moyo ndi zochita zawo. Katswiri wa zamaganizo a kakhalidwe ka anthu Albert Bandura anatulukira njira zothetsera makhalidwe abwino: kutchula anthu kuti ndi anthu olakwa, kuchotsa anthu ovutika, ndi kuchotsa udindo. Wolamulira anganene kuti kupulula mtundu wa anthu “kuyeretsa”; wokonda wansanje angawonongenso chiwonongeko monga“ kuphunzitsa phunziro. [1] Zopeketsa zimenezi siziri zachilendo kupeka. Zidagwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi anthu wamba kuvulaza kodabwitsa. Kumvetsa bwino kumachititsa anthu kukhala opuluputira mtunda wosangalatsa pakati pa “ius ndi“ aziyawo.

Mabuku a Akatswiri a Chiphunzitso cha Anthu Otsutsa

Kupezeka kwake pa tsamba kapena pa wailesi yakanema kumatikakamiza kufunsa ngati makhalidwe athu ndi mmene alili.

Ufulu Wosankha, Kusankha Zochita, ndi Thayo la Makhalidwe

Kodi munthu wolakwa angaimbidwe mlandu ngati umunthu wawo unaumbidwa ndi nkhanza, kukonza ubongo wawo kumakhala ndi upandu, ndi chiwawa chamwambo? Nkhani ya pakati pa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi ufulu wa kudzisankhira si yongopeka ayi; ndilo maziko a mmene timaweruzira munthu aliyense. Ngati chilichonse chimene chingakhale chotulukapo chosapeŵeka cha zinthu zoyambitsa, ndiye kuti wolakwayo sachita zinthu zabwino ndipo sachita ngozi yachilengedwe. Komabe madongosolo athu a zamalamulo ndi nzeru zathu zongouza anthu zimene timaganiza sizikutsutsa mfundo imeneyi, kumangofuna kuti tisankhe zochita. Makampani a kutsutsa kuti ngakhale m’chilengedwe chopanda mphamvu, chosankha chochitidwa popanda kukakamiza ndi zofuna za munthu mwiniyo chingakhale chodzisankhira. Munthu amene akudziŵa bwino kusamala kusamala, angaonedwebe, chifukwa chake, chifukwa chake, n’chinthu chomveka cholakwa.

Kuletsedwa kwa Villamy ndi Wochita Zoipa Wachibadwa

Arendt amatsutsa lingaliro la chikondi cha wolakwa wamkulu, wausatana. M'moyo weniweni . . ndipo m'nkhani zopeka zopeka kwambiri . Mtsogoleri amene amalemba zilembo zobisa kuti achotsedwe ntchito amadziŵitsa mabanja kuti adzakhala opanda pokhala, mkulu wa kampani amene amatsendereza chidziŵitso chonena za zinthu zakupha, msilikali amene amatsata malamulo popanda kukaikira: Awa ndi anthu achiwawa amene sada kwambiri koma osalingalira.

Kuda kwa Hero-Villain Yoloŵerana

Apandu amafotokozedwa ndi adani awo, ndipo olakwa kwambiri ndiwo awo amene amasonyeza zimene ngwazi ingakhale. Unansi umenewu wa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala umadzutsa funso lakuti: Kodi ngwazi imafunikira mpanduyo kuti akhaleko? M’nkhani zina, womenya nkhondoyo ndiye amene amachititsa kuti munthu akhale wamphamvuyo adzuke. Popanda Joker, Batman angakhale wolemera kwambiri ndi wodziŵa bwino zinthu za kuwala, amene amasinthasintha maganizo ake kuti asinthebe malamulo ake a makhalidwe abwino. Pamlingo waukulu, kaŵirikaŵiri chikhoterero cha anthu chingakhale chopondereza ndi kuyesa kutchuka. Mwakumvetsetsa kumene anthu akuona “Illa, timaphunzirapo za mantha ake obisika.

Zithunzithunzi za Villainy: Kufufuza ndi Maseŵero Atatu a Ngozi

Kupenda mosamalitsa akatswiri a zithunzithunzi za anthu kumasonyeza mmene zingwe zamaganizo ndi za filosofi zimagwirizanitsidwira kupanga anthu amene amativutitsa kwa nthaŵi yaitali nkhaniyo itatha.

Kamzimbi: Mtumiki wa Chiswe

Zigawenga zochepa zakhala zikukambitsiridwa bwino monga Joker. Iye ndi wafilosofi wamwambo amene amagwiritsira ntchito chiwawa kusonyeza kuti dongosolo ndi bodza. Mwanzeru, khalidwe lake limayendera pamodzi ndi makhalidwe oipa oopsa komanso matenda osokoneza maganizo, ngakhale kuti amatsutsana kwambiri. Safuna chuma kapena mphamvu m’lingaliro lililonse; cholinga chake ndicho kuvumbula kupanda pake kwa malamulo a makhalidwe abwino. Mwanzeru, iye ndi chitsutso chotsutsana ndi makhalidwe abwino olakwika. Iye amafuna kutsimikizira kuti munthu aliyense, kukakamiza, adzasiya mfundo yamakhalidwe abwino. Mzera wake woipa, “Zonse zimatenga tsiku limodzi, ndi chinsinsi cha makhalidwe abwino.

Chiwopsezo: Kuwopa Imfa ndi Kulondola Udongo

Kusintha kwa Tom Riddle kukhala Lord Voldemort kuli kufufuza mmene kusoŵa kwa munthu koyambirira kuliri kuzoloŵera, kuwopa kumwalira kungapangitse kuwona za matsenga. Horcruxs sindizo luso lamatsenga chabe; izo ndizo mawu aakulu a maganizo amene satha kuvomereza kulephera kwa munthu mmodzi wapadziko lonse. Kutengeka mtima ndi chiyero cha mwazi kuli ngati mfundo zenizeni za dziko zimene zimalonjeza kupyola pa kuchotsedwa kwa “anzake... . Filosopheally, amaimira zimene zimachitika pamene mphamvu ya kukhala yosudzulidwa kuchokera ku kugwirizana kulikonse kwatanthauzo ndi chikondi kapena chikhalidwe. Kulephera kwake kumvetsetsa matsenga amene amatetezera Malumbitsiraturry: moyo wapakati pa imfa ya moyo wokhawo.

Mkazi Macbeth: Kufuna Kutchuka ndi Chikumbumtima Chosagwirizana ndi Malamulo

Mkazi wa Shakespeare Macbeth si chilombo wamba koma mkazi wokhumba kutchuka amene amaitanira pa mizimu ku “kuchotsa” iye, kuchotsa chifundo chimene amakhulupirira kukhala pakati pake ndi korona. Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Mfumu Duncan, iye motchuka amaumirira kuti“ madzi aang’ono amachotsa ife pa chikalata chimenechi," koma kutsikira m’kutsuka ndi misala yowopsa. Mwamachenjera, iye amawunikira ziyambukiro zowononga za liwongo lotsenderezedwa: maganizo opanduka pa iwo eni pamene chikumbumtima chatonthodwa mwamphamvu. Filosophim, mkhalidwe wake uli kusinkhasinkha kwa mkhalidwe wa makhalidwe. Munthu angakane kulemera kwa kachitidwe ka choipa kaamba kanthaŵi kokha. Nkhani yake idzakhala chenjezo ya kubwezera kwaumwini.

Kupulumutsidwa ndi Kuthekera kwa Kuchira kwa Makhalidwe

Si nthano zonse zimatha ndi kuwononga kwa wolakwayo. Nkhani zina zimafufuza ngati wotsutsa angasiye kuchita zoipa ndi zimene kusintha koteroko kumafuna. Zimenezi zimadzutsa mafunso aakulu okhudza kukhululukira, kuŵerengera mlandu, ndi kukhalabe kwa umunthu. M'maganizo, lingaliro la kukula kwa mulu wa madendedesi [[FL:1] [kukula kwa] [kuwonjezedwa kwamphamvu] [kusintha koopsa] [kuwomba kwa malungo, kukonzanso, kukonzanso, kuchititsa kulakwa. Dar Vath Vader imasiya ntchito yomaliza . Kudziwonetsa yekha kupulumutsa mwana wake, koma kujambula kwamphamvu kwa kutembenuka kwa kutembenuka kopanda chiwopsezo. Kuyesa kwa ufiliro, kuyesa kukonza chilungamo. Chilungamo, kapena kukonza kuwonongeka kwake kosatsuka kwachi? Dar Vath Vath Vard adasiya kuchotsa chikhota chake pamene apanga chikhoto, chiwongo chake choyenera kupulumuka choyenera kupulumuka choyenera kupulumuka, kupulumuka kwabwino, kupulumuka kwabwino, kupulumuka kwabwino kwa

Kumaliza

Nzeru za maganizo a anthu opotoka si nthano chabe ya makhalidwe opotoka; ndi njira imene timapendera kuvuta kwakukulu kwa munthu. Filosofi ikutisonyeza kuti kuipa kungakhale kusadziŵa, kusoŵa, kusankha, kapena kusalingalira. Nzeru zimenezi zimagwirizanitsa moyo wa kupsinjika, umunthu, ndi kupotozedwa. Nkhani zimene timasimba zimasintha chidziŵitso chimenechi kukhala anthu ovuta, oopsa, ndipo nthaŵi zina zimatichititsa kusoŵa chifundo. Mzera pakati pa ngwazi ndi wopangika sukhazikika; uli chigawo cha moyo, ndi chokokedwanso ndi mikhalidwe, zosankha zathu, ndi nkhani zimene timakhulupirira. Mwa kuphunzira kwathu anthu odzimvera chisoni ndi omvera chisoni, sitilimbirana ndi ovuta, ndipo sitikuvulaza choonadi cha m’moyo uliwonse.