Nkhani zimagwirizana ndi kuzoloŵerana . Ndizo kudziŵa nthaŵi yozisunga m’njira zosayembekezereka. Mwa kuphunzira kutokosa ndi kulembanso zoyembekezeredwa, olemba amasintha matanthauzo a zinthu kukhala anthu amene ali m’maganizo mwathu. Kusintha kumeneku sikumasintha ndondomeko yachizoloŵezi ya mapulani onsewa. Kusintha kwabwino n’kusintha n’kusintha ndondomeko ya munthu amene akuilemba n’kukhala munthu amene akuiganizira bwino.

Kodi Zingwe Zilidi Motani?

Musanawononge trope, muyenera kuimvetsetsa kukhala yoposa kokha nthano. Zingwe ndizo zomangira kulankhulana kwa anthu. Zimaphatikizapo zilembo za masitolo monga Wosankhidwa, Femme Faretate, kapena Trickster; zitsanzo za zochitika zonga ngati chikondi cha triangle triangle , kapena kufuula kwa ngwazi kwamphamvu; ndi ma stalclemble ngati kuphunzitsidwa kwa nkhate. Mkhalidwe, trope amagwira ntchito monga mtundu wa kansalu. Pamene woŵerenga akumana ndi mfitifiti ndi vuto lakumwa ndi mtsemphanga, zonse za kumbuyo ndi umunthu wa munthu zimasungidwa popanda mzere umodzi wa kujambula. Zimenezi zimapanga trope kukhala zopulumuka.

Chilengezo cha ubongo n’chachikulu. Ubongo wathu ndi injini zojambula, ndipo tropes ndi mitundu yofanana imene imamveka m'mitundu yonse . a Joseph Campbell akusonyeza motchuka modwedweratu mu Hero's Journey . Koma maluso samachititsa kunyansidwa kwambiri ngati kunyalanyaza. Ngati mlangizi aliyense ndi wa magilamu wokalamba, mkazi aliyense amatsogolera chikondi choyamba ndi munthu, ndipo munthu aliyense amatsogolera mphamvu yosonkhezera zoipa, ndipo opalamula amasiya mwamphamvu. Amamira kuyendetsa galimoto. Amachita zimenezi pamene kukambitsiranako kumasinthana ndi kuyamikira ndi parody, ndipo pamene kutembenuza kuyambitsa kuyambitsa chikondi monga chida chowongolera m’malo mwa kungoyambitsa.

Mphamvu Yosintha ya Kufukula Malemba

Kuchotsa mpangidwe wa tripe sikumangotanthauza kuchita zosiyana ndi zimene mukuyembekeza. Zimenezi zingakhale ngati ulesi . Kusintha ngwazi kukhala mpandu kuti ikhale yoopsa kwambiri. Kusintha kwenikweni kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa njira yoonekera bwino ndi kuyesa kusiyanitsa zinthu ndi anthu. Kusintha kumeneku kumayambitsa ubongo wa omvera, kuyambitsa kudabwitsa ndi zolakwa zimene zimayambitsa nkhani zimene zimawapangitsa kukhala amoyo.

Mapindu a kupandukira kolingalirako ngozama:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha maganizo: Pamene mchitidwe ukana kutsatira zilembo zawo zoikidwiratu [1] pamene ANA adzipulumutsa iye mwini osati mwa kachitidwe kamodzi konyoza koma mwa kukhazikika, kopezedwa kwabwino . Zochita zimadzimva kukhala zaulemu ndi zoikizira. Ndizo chinsinsi chimene chimapangitsa openyerera kuwonanso chithunzi kapena oŵerenga galu pa tsamba.
  • Kusatsimikizirika: BSS kuchitidwa bwino kumapanga lingaliro lakuti kanthu kena kakhoza kuchitika. Kumeneku sikumatanthauza kusokonezeka kwa zinthu; kumatanthauza kuti nkhaniyo imagwira ntchito pa nzeru za makhalidwe abwino ndi maganizo zimene sizinalembedwe kuchokera ku mutu woyamba. Zimenezi zimasunga kukambitsirana kosangalatsa ndi kwa madzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Nthano za Chikalata: TY] THP imanyamula katundu [1] Nthaŵi zambiri malingaliro achikale onena za kugonana, mphamvu, ndi chizindikiritso. Kujambula trope kungakhale mfundo yopanda phokoso komanso yamphamvu. Mkhalidwe wolembedwa motsutsana ndi lembo ungakayikire zimene timalingalira ponena za mphamvu, kuwomboledwa, kapena kulimba popanda kutuluka m'nkhaniyo kulalikira.

Kuyang'ana mozama pa mmene kutembenuza kungagwiritsidwire ntchito monga njira yofotokozera nkhani mwadala, chuma cha wolemba monga Tsopano Novel akutsogolera pa kuipitsa ma trope [1] Amapereka mapulogalamu othandiza amene olemba ambiri agwiritsira ntchito kuumba malembo awo.

Pamene Zinthu Zam’madzi Zikuonekera: Zitsanzo Zamphamvu Kutali ndi Nkhani Zoulutsidwa

Zilembo zosaiŵalika koposa za zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo sizinangolembedwa bwino; iwo anatsutsa mwamphamvu zimene tinalingalira kuti ndizo. Nkhani zoŵerengeka zowonekera zimasonyeza mmene kutembenuza kumakweza nkhani yonse.

Elsa ndi Kumasulidwa ku Ulamuliro Umodzi wa Pa Note

Disney [[FLT: 0] Nthano zotchuka zimatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri, ndipo pachifukwa chabwino. Elsa sali kokha "damsel" kuphunzira kumenyana; iye amasintha mphamvu ndi kudzipatula zimene zimachita kwa munthu. Nyimbo "Iye Apite" ikumveka chifukwa chakuti sinawonongetse kokha akalonga koma mphamvu ya akazi iyenera kukhala yosadziŵika. M’malomwake, ndodo ya Elsa iri yodzivomereza yekha ndi thayo lowopsa la mphamvu imene ilibe nthumwi. Nyimbo yake "Ikani" ikufuna kuzungulira dziko lonse chifukwa chakuti sinawonongetsa mphamvu yachikazi koma iyenera kukhala ngati yachinduna.

Walter White ndi Kumanamizidwa kwa Munthu Wachifundo

Mu Kusintha Make [[FLT: 1], kutembenuza kuli ululu wochedwa, wa njira. Walter White amayamba monga mphunzitsi wa pasukulu ya sekondale yemwe akufufuza kansa . kakonzedwe kamene kamafuula "achifundo protagononist tidzaona chisoni. M’malo mwake, mapulogalamuwo amachotsa chikopa cha kudzitama, kunyada, ndi nkhanza zochedwa. Nkhanizo zimafuna kufunsa kuti: Bwanji ngati munthu wofatsa wa kansalu kake si munthu wabwino, koma munthu woipa amene mikhalidwe yake inamlola? Pofika pamapeto, omvetserawo adasokezedwa ndi chiwopsezero. Kusintha kumeneku kwa "Anti-rope" kutembenuza wailesi yakanema, ndi kutembenuza mbiri yake [Ftmaptmapt]

Katnis Everdeen ndi Wopulumuka Wopanda Chiroma

Maseŵera a Njala [[FLT: 1] Malo atatu a Katnis m'bokosi lachikondi lozoloŵereka la triangle , koma samaseŵera nawo mokwanira. Chisonkhezero chake chachikulu ndicho kupulumuka . kwa iye ndi banja lake ndi maseŵero achikondiwo ali achiŵiri ku ku kuvutika kwake, mkwiyo wake, ndi maganizo ake aluso. Kusokonezeka kwa "famprotagonist" kuyenera kuyambitsa mnyamata amene akuona ngati nkhondo yotchuka kuposa kutsogolera kwa chikondi. Nkhani zogaŵanazo, zimene zimawona Katnis , zikusweka ndi kuyambitsanso kusintha, ndiko kukana komaliza kwa Mpulumu.

Joe Goldberg ndi Wokongola Wosadalirika

Caroline Keppnes [[FLT: 0] Inu (ndi kutengera kwake wailesi yakanema) mumawononga utsogoleri wa chikondi mwa kujambula mwachindunji kuchokera kwa woyang'anira nyukitala. Joe Goldberg amaŵerenga ndi kuwoneka ngati munthu womvetsa chisoni, munthu wokonda mabuku amene angakhale ngwazi ya rom-com , koma mphamvu yake ya m’kati imavumbula kuŵerengera kochititsa mantha pansi. Kumeneku kumavumbula "kukumana" ndi "wansi" trippes kuonetsa mwa kungopereka kwa omvetsera kuwona zinthu zonse, kukakamiza openyerera kuyang'anizana ndi mmene kaŵirikaŵiri amachitira mizu ya khalidwelo, m’kuunyinji, m’kuwu wina, wonyansi.

Maseŵera a Zida Zoumba Zida

George R.R. Martin's Nyimbo ya Ace and Fire inatchuka chifukwa cha kuchita zimene zinaoneka ngati chiwonongeko cha Hero's Journey. Ned Stark amadziŵitsidwa monga wolemekezeka protagonist, munthu amene mukum’tsatira kunkhondo. Kuphedwa kwake kumapeto kwa buku loyamba si kusokonezeka chabe; ndi mawu akuti malamulo a dziko lino sateteza ubwino. Kutembenuza kwapamwambaku n’kumene sikumateteza anthu chifukwa cha kuyerekezera ndi wailesi yakanema. Kukonza dziko lapansi kaamba ka zilembo ngati Tyrion Lanster, amene akukhala ndi chophimba chakuya, ndi Jaime, amene amayambitsa chiwopsezo chovuta kwambiri.

Njira Zothetsera Makhalidwe Okhala ndi Cholinga

Nsonga siziyenera kumva ngati kuti gulu lakokedwa ndi chingwe. Iyenera kupangidwa, kugwirizanitsidwa, ndi kugwirizana kwake. Nazi njira zisanu zimene zimakulolani kukonzanso nkhungu yomwe mumaidziŵa bwino kukhala chinthu choyambirira.

  • Kubisa kulakwa kwa maziko. Mapikicha ambiri a mpangidwe wobisika ali ndi chofooka. Wosankhidwayo kaŵirikaŵiri amavutika ndi kupunduka kwa thupi kapena kuwonongeka kwa zoikidwiratu. Mentor ndi wanzeru koma ali kutali ndi mtima. Tanthanani kusokonezeka kwa maluso a chibolibolicho chimene mukugwira nacho ntchito ndiyeno muiiike pakati pa ulendo wa mpangidwewo m’njira imene imaswa nkhungu. Mentor amene ali wofunitsitsa kugwirizanitsa ndi kupanga zosankha zowopsa kuti asunge njiru yapafupi ndi kalembedwe kachilembo kachitsotso kotsogolera ku tsoka.
  • Mupatseni chisonkhezero chimene chimatsutsana ndi tsatanetsatane wa pulogalamu yapamwamba. "I] Ili yotchuka ya achichepere. Bwanji ngati chochititsa ndicho chinthu chapanyumba kwambiri ndi choluluzika , koma chosamalira kholo lodwala? Chipandukocho chimakhalabe, koma zisonkhezerozo zimasintha khalidwelo kuchoka pa munthu wongoyerekezera kupita kwa aliyense, kuwonjezera mzera wa gript. Kuwonjezerapo mzera wa Fimme Fatale's spectives yolulukirapo monga njira yopulumukirako yophunziridwa kuchokera ku ku kuperekedwa kwa dongosolo, mmalo mwa kuipa, kupangitsa omvetserawo kulingaliranso kulakwa kwawo.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito njira yobwezera kuti mulembe, osati chodzikhululukira. Zakale za tsoka zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kulungamitsa kuipa kwawo zikhoza kukhala thamza lotopa. Kuku kumatanthauza kuvumbula mbiri yakale imene imapangitsa omvetsera kumvetsetsa njirazo popanda kugwedeza tsoka. Sonyezani kupwetekako osati monga kulira, koma ndi zipsepsezo zake za makhalidwe ake zomwe zimavumbula mmene zizindikiritsidwira. Zimenezi zimawunikira bwino za chifundo chotsika pamene zikupanga kuwona kwamaganizo.
  • Kutsutsana kwa makwalala ndi mikhalidwe yotsutsana. [FLT :1] Mkazi wankhondo amene alinso kholo lofatsa, katswiri wa malaulo, wochenjera amene samanama kwambiri, wonyenga amene samanama nkomwe [1] Kutsutsana kumeneku kumadzimva kukhala kwaumunthu mmalo mwa kutsutsana kwa trope-compliant. Pamene mupanga zilembo zimene zisunga, zowoneka ngati zotsutsana, mukhoza kuipitsa zoyembekezeredwa ndi chithunzi chimodzi chachikale. Malingaliro osagwirizana ndi kupenda mabokosi; iwo amalingalira za kututa kutsutsana kwabwino kumene kumapangitsa zisonyezero kukhala zosatsimikizirika.
  • Kuseŵera ndi kujambula kocholoŵana. Nthaŵi zina kutembenuza kumachitika pamlingo wofotokoza nkhani. Ngati chojambulacho chayambitsidwa kupyolera mwa munthu amene amalambira mafano kapena kupeputsa, kumvetsetsa kwa woŵerenga kumasefa. Pambuyo pake, pamene kusimbidwa kwa nkhanizo kuonetsa zochitika zofananazo kuchokera ku kawonedwe ka mkati ka mpangidwe, trope amadulidwa. "manic pixie phuto" amakhala munthu weniweni ndi mavuto ake a kamerayo ndipo sagwirizananso ndi ntchito ya kukula kwa mwamuna.

Ngozi Zobisika: Pamene Mupezanso Moto

Kupindulira kwake konse, kuipitsa thope si matsenga. Kuchitidwa ndi dzanja lolemera, kungawononge kugwirizana pakati pa wosimba nkhani ndi omvetsera.

Kutsutsa popanda kusokonezeka. [FLT :1] Mkhalidwe amene amachitapo kanthu motsutsana ndi malembo kokha chifukwa cha kupotoka adzadzimva kukhala wachabe. Ngati wochiritsa wachifundoyo mwadzidzidzi aduka ndi kuchita mbanda yankhanza popanda chizindikiro cha kukhoza, omvetserawo amadzimva kukhala onyengedwa mmalo mwa kudabwa. Nsonga ziyenera kuikidwa ndi chinsinsi, pafupifupi zosaoneka zimene zimapindulitsa. Zolakwika zabwino ndizo zikupangitsa kuti munene kuti "Zotsatirazo", Ndiyenera kuona kuti chifukwa chakuti mazikowo adaikidwa, osati chifukwa chakuti wolembayo adanama.

Kuthandiza omvetsera anu amtima. Oŵerenga ndi oonerera amaloŵa m'nkhani yokhala ndi malonjezo otsimikizirika [1] Kukondana kumatha, chinsinsi chimagamula chinsinsi. Kuchotsa thope limene limalongosola lonjezo la pulogalamu ngati silikusamalidwa bwino. Ngati mulemba mawu ovuta ndi wofufuzayo ndi wochenjerayo, mukhoza kuchotsa pepalalo. Talingalirani zimene trope akunyamula ndi zimene zikukongoletsa. Mukhoza kuchotsa katundu wokongolayo; wonyamula katundu wofunikira kumangidwa mwaulemu.

Uthenga wotembenuza kuposa mawonekedwe. Pamene kutembenuza kusanduka chiŵiya chothandiza [1] II imapangitsa mkazi ameneyu kukhala wamphamvu mwakuthupi kuposa amuna onse kutsimikizira mfundo" [1] Mkhalidwe umakhala chizindikiro, osati munthu. Zizindikiro n’zophwanyika. Iwo sapuma. Nthaŵiyo amalingalira kuti omvetsera akuphunzitsidwa, kugwirizana kwa malingaliro kumaleka. Mkhalidwe wopanduka ayenerabe kumva ngati munthu wogwira ntchitoyo amene zochita zake zimachokera ku nzeru za mkati, ngakhale ngati malingalirowo akuyembekezera.

Kusintha popanda kuwonongeka. Poyesa kupeŵa ma trope osavuta, olemba ena amaunjikana pa mikhalidwe yotsutsana kufikira chisonyezerocho . Woŵerenga afunikira kudziŵidwa ndi malingaliro enieni kapena chikhumbo cha kuikiza. Ngakhale munthu woukira kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi chilakolako, mantha, kapena chikondi chimene chimamveka bwino. Popanda nangula, kutembenuzidwa kumakhala phokoso.

Kuphunzira za Maseŵera: Kutsutsa Nsonga ya ‘ Khomo la Chikopa ’ m’Chipangizo Chamakono

Kuchokera pa Mfumu Arthur mpaka Harry Woumba, munthu wonenedweratu amene adzapulumutsa dziko lonse lapansi ku nthano zathu. Komabe m’zaka zaposachedwapa, nkhani zina zotchuka kwambiri zachititsa kuti chiyembekezo chimenechi chikhale chomveka.

J.K. akubzala okha mbewu ya kuukira kwa Mulungu mwamsanga: Neville Longbottom angakhale anali mnyamata amene anakhalako. Mzera umodzi umenewo unachititsanso Harry kusankhidwa monga chotulukapo cha ulendo wonse, osati ulosi wotsimikizirika. Trope amasokonezedwa mwa kuyambitsa kulinganiza kwaumulungu. Pambuyo pake ntchito zinakankhira kutsogolo. Ku N.K. Jemisin's [[FL: 0] Nyengo Yachisanu , kapena proganistenis Esun ndi wamphamvu, dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo popanda mpulumu; iye akuswa, mkazi amene chikondi chake chakuyaluza ndi cha mwana wake wamkazi chiwonjezeke cha dziko lapansi.

M'filimu, Treator Imatipatsa Ifeyo Nyumba Yatsopano, koma Mwini wake Wosankhidwa adafunsidwa mwamsanga. Chikhulupiriro cha Morpheus chidawoneka ngati chongopeka, ndipo sequel anafufuza kuti ulosi weniweniwo unali njira yolamulira. Kusinthako kumakula: kuti ngati Munthuyo ali kokha ndende ina yolinganizidwa kutsogolera kupandukira m'njira zotsimikizirika? Kusintha kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti kuipitsa tripe kungapotopetse mpangidwe weniweni wa nkhani zimene timamamatirako. Kuyang'ana pafupi ndi kukana kokhala ndi mipetengo imeneyi kumavumbula phunziro: kutembenuza zinthu kumagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene akuyankha funso. Ngati nkhani yanu ifunsa " Kodi kukwera?, kutembenuza m’malo mwa chidindo cha oŵerenga.

Kuchotsa Zinthu Zofunika M’kalembedwe Kanu

Kukopa anthu oukira sikuli njira ya kukhala pansi ndi kunena kuti "tsopano ndidzabisa chithunzi choipa cha mnyamata. Ndicho kuchuluka kwa ntchito yapamwamba. yambirani mwa kufunsa mafunso otsatizana a kupima munthu aliyense wamkulu m’nkhani yanu:

  • Kodi munthu ameneyu amakhulupirira chiyani ponena za iwo eni amene ali olakwa kotheratu?
  • Kodi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chimene angachite atapanikizika kwambiri n’chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani?
  • Kodi umunthu wawo umaonekera kukhala ukukwaniritsa chiyani, ndipo kodi n’kuti kumene amataya thupi lawo lenileni?
  • Ngati munthu ameneyu alephera kuchita zinthu modabwitsa atapatsidwa ntchito yokakwera n’kukakwera nsalu, kodi zimenezi zingaoneke bwanji?

Lembani chithunzithunzi kuchokera ku mbiri yawo yakale chimene chimatsutsana ndi mtundu wawo wamakono. Ngati iwo ali ngwazi yodalirika, asonyezeni iwo opunduka ndi chosankha. Ngati iwo ali olera ambali, asonyezeni iwo kusiya wina m’mphindi ya kudzikweza. Gwiritsirani zidutswa zimenezi osati kwenikweni kufalitsa, koma kukulitsa kupsinjika mtima kwa mbali zitatu kumene kudzatsegula m’mawu anu osimba.

Kuphunzira kwamphamvu ndi "kupima thupi la munthu. Tengani munthu wofalitsidwa amene mumam’sirira yemwe amaipitsa njira. Tsalani nthaŵi zenizeni zimene anthu akuyembekezera ndi kumira. Onani zimene wolembayo anabisa, zimene anaonetsa, ndi pamene munamva peni ikugwa. Aphunzitsi onga Toni Morrison (amene zilembo zake zimatsutsa ukali wa fuko loopsa) kapena Kazuo Ishiburo (wake wosadalirika ndi ofufuza zinthu) angakuphunzitseni mwamachenjera kuti kabuku kamodzi ka sunga uto .

Tsogolo la Kudwala kwa Makhalidwe m’Nyengo ya Zolankhula za Savvy

Alendo amakono akufika ali ndi zolembalemba. Iwo aona zikwi zambiri za nkhani, ndipo amanunkhiza masinthidwe kuchokera ku masamba angapo oyambirira. Malo otsatira a kukula kwa makhalidwe saali opanga madekito atsopano a mtundu wa zinthu . Ndizo zosatheka [1] koma kuti akufukuleni zakale mosamalitsa kuti amve kuti ndi zatsopano. Zimenezi zimafuna kuti mukhale phee, kuti alembedwe, kuvomereza kutembenuza kumeneko kungatayitse oŵerenga anu ena amene akufuna kutonthozedwa ndi ozoloŵereka.

Komabe mphotho yake njodabwitsa. Trope wopotozedwa ungakhale nthaŵi ya kugwirizana kwenikweni m'manyuzipepala. Ngati munthu alephera kuyembekezera zinthu pamene akudziyesa kukhaladi wolondola, sitingozikumbukira. Timazitchula. Timatsutsana nazo. Ndizo zolemba za makhalidwe: kutenga chitsulo cha mumpangidwe wa cliché ndi kujambula chinthu chimene chimasunga chionetsero cha munthu. Pamapeto pake, cholingacho sichiyenera kukhala chosiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana, koma kukhala chowona mtima m’njira imene imadabwitsa, chifukwa chakuti nchodabwitsa. Kuchikonda trope, kuphunzira, ndi kukopa chingwecho kupangitsa kapangidwe kanthu kena.