Chinenero cha makampani ojambula zithunzi chasinthidwa ndi magule a zaka zana limodzi pakati pa luso ndi luso la zopangapanga. Kuyambira mafilimu a a black נand preset oyera osonyezedwa pa mafilimu amakono a 4K HDR akutsanulidwa, mapaipi opanga ayambiranso. Nkhani ino ikusonyeza kuti mbiri inayamba kujambula shiti ya m'manja, zimene kujambula kwa akatswiri ndi anthu kunali kutanthauza, ndi mmene kuphatikizana kwa tsogolo la anime ndi atsopano kukufotokozera tsogolo.

Kuika Maziko: Nyengo Yapapitapo

Nkhani ya kupima ya ku Japan imayamba osati mu chipinda chachikulu cha kanema, koma ndi ojambula amodzi okha akuyesa ndi mapepala , zojambula ndi makamera otengedwa kunja. Chojambula choyamba cha ku Japan chomwe chatsala, [1] miminiute yachidule chotseguka Namura Gatana (1917), chinasonyeza kale mkhalidwe wapakati umene ukalongosola mawuwo kwa zaka makumi ambiri: kukhala wokhoza kuyang'anizana ndi ndalama zochepa. Kufufuza koyambiriraku kunali ndi ngongole kwa apainiya onga Émilelth ndi Winsor McChay , koma iwo anabzalira mbewu kaamba kapangidwe kodabwitsa kwa luso la ku Japan.

Pofika m'ma 1930, mafilimu okopa anthaŵi ya nkhondo monga Mainotaro’s Divine Sea Sours [1] (1945) anasungirira malire a magulu aang'ono amene akanatha kuchita ndi manja . Komabe, maziko enieni a makampani anaikidwa m'zaka zapambuyo pa 1999. Mu 1956, Toie Kheroleti inakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chenicheni cha kukhala “Disney wa Kummaŵa. Chithunzi chake choyamba cha maonekedwe, Drogneake yoyera [Foctress [1] [FLT] (1958), yosonyeza kujambula kojambula kochokera ku msonkhano wa Hollywopywo. Kwanthaŵi yochepa, ngakhale kuti chikaoneka monga momwe kuyendera kwapamwamba kwa Japan.

Njira imeneyo inatsimikizira kukhala yosakhazikika mwachuma. Kusintha kwenikweni kunabwera ndi Osamu Tezuka ndi chipinda chake chochezera Mushi Production . Tezuka, wofunitsitsa kubweretsa manga Astro Boy [Astro:1] ku wailesi mu 1963 yopanda ndalama, adathandiza luso la “kulinganiza maluso. Mwa kusungabe maluso, kugwiritsa ntchito mkamwa, ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito, Mushi Pro akanatha kutulutsa machitidwe a mlungu ndi mlungu 30 pa nsapato. Kufikira kumeneku sikunapanga TV yothandiza koma mosadziŵanso adapanga kalembedwe kalembedwe kalembedwe ka [1] kachipang'amba kake, kamera koyendabe, kojambula, ndi kamera kojambula, ndi kachipang’ka.

Kachipangizo Kotchedwa Chel Piline ndi Kanthu Kake Kochititsa Chidwi

Kwa zaka makumi atatu 765 zotsatira, njira yaikulu yopanga inali yojambula mayeso: Mapepala opakidwa utoto ndi mapepala opakidwa pa mafaelo. Ntchito inali yogwira [1]intensive, zothamanga, ndi zosakhululukira. Makiyi alionse a aimator anasamutsidwira ku ma cel kudzera ku inkers, opakidwa mitundu ya mankhwala kumbali ya kumbuyo kuti asunge luso la zojambulajambula, ndiyeno anapenda mosamalitsa kamera isanadulidwe. Studios anayambitsa kamera kamodzi kapadera kwambiri, ndipo gulu la Sakuga (maluwa apamwamba) linakhala likulu la ntchito yonse.

Pachimake, nyengo ya phala inapanga zipambano zodabwitsa. Katsuhiro Otomo’s Akira (1988) akuti anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 160000 cels, nambala yomwe inalola kusalala kwa 24 highramer foopersesession pa mndandanda wocholoŵana wa filimuyo. Kulimba kwa Luminescence ndi njira zamakono zojambula za kuphulika za ku tauni zokhala ndi tauni zokongola kwambiri zinayala mapepala omwe ngakhale lerolino amatchulidwa monga kukwera kwa luso la zopangapanga. Mofananamo, Studio Gbli Gebli filimu yotsogozedwa ndi Hiyazaki ndi Sabatapea. Mafilimu opangidwa ndi Hipenawa ndi njira zawo zachibadwa, ndi maluso achilengedwe, omwe anaoneka ngati apadera kwambiri.

Komabe mphamvu za selo zinazindikiridwa ndi kufooka kwake. Kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu kunakwera pamene omvetsera anafuna kuwona bwino kwambiri. Kusunga zojambulajambula kunakhala chinthu chodabwitsa, ndipo kugaŵira kwa mitundu yonse kunafuna kuwononga zinthu zamphamvu kupanga malembo achilendo a zinenero. Maindasitale anatsimikizira kuti ngati anyani akakhalabe ndi moyo ndi kukula padziko lonse, kupambana kwa luso la zopangapanga sikunapeŵeke.

Kusintha kwa Makina Kuyambitsa Chipani

Luso la zojambulajambula silinaloŵe m'makompyuta usiku umodzi; linaloŵa m'khomo lakumbuyo. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, mastudio angapo anayesedwa ndi kompyuta cheza choyendetsedwa ndi makamera ndi kujambula kwa manambala, koma chikhoma chachikulu chinabwera pakati pa ma 88900 ndi kuchuluka kwa utototo wa manambala ndi compositing . Mwadzidzidzi, masitepe otopetsa ndi odula kwambiri , kamera, ndi mphamvu ya maso [1]

Opanga zida a ku Japan anachita mbali yaikulu. RETAS . Prosute, yoyambitsidwa ndi Celsys ndi kutulutsidwa koyamba mu 1993, inakhala ntchito ya makampani. Makompyuta ake . [1] Trace Man yokonza ndi kukonza mizera, Peapan Man yopanga mawonekedwe, CoreretaS ya compositing , ndi Porect Dog kutumiza ku dziko lina ndi "makerobolo koma pa kompyuta. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1990, 90% ya nyumba zogwirira ntchito zapakhomo adalandira RETAS! Proclate , mokhutiritsa njira ya mu Kîta and [1] Kusunga mchitidwe wa m'manja wa mafelemu oyambirira. [FL:]

Kusintha kwa 1995: [[FLT: 0] commost mu Chigoba [[FLT: 1]

Mamoru Oshii’’s Ghost mu Chichewa (1995]) kaŵirikaŵiri amatchulidwa monga filimu yomwe inalengeza za kufika kwa digicy anima, ngakhale kuti ndemangayo imafunikirabe kujambula. Mafilimuwo anali otchuka kwambiri . [1] , koma kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kwakukulu kwa makompyuta compositit , CGI ya kupendekeka kwa , CGI yopanga kutsatsatsatsa kutsata kwa kupendeka, ndi kuyambitsa kwa digiriki yopanga kusanganiza kumene sikunapo ndi kalelonse. Zojambula zotchukazo, ndi thupi la Mot Kusanagina zikugwirizana ndi masamu obiriŵidwa ndi chidziŵitso chapamwamba, zikanaletsedwa mowononga mogwiritsira ntchito makina. Zipangizoni zopanga zinthu zogwirizana ndi filimu zimene zinapereka chithunzi. [FF]

Kumapeto kwa ma 1990, utoto wa mlingo unaloŵedwanso mofulumira. Utoto wofanana ndi Poctémon [1] (1997) ndi Ramaton Ball GT[FLT] [1996]) unali pakati pa kujambula TV kwa kutalika kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti isinthe pakati pa [1]. Mafilimu a pa nthawiyo akuona kuti ndi oyera, mitundu yosasintha ndi kutha kwa “fumbi". Makipeto, komanso kuuma , kuoneka pang'ono. Makampaniwo anali ojambula zinthu: wokongola wa pa ma TV angawongolakwika, ndi kupendedwa, ndi kupendedwa, ndi mafaelo, ndipo zikhoza kuchitikanso mosiyana ndi nyengo yachikane.

Zinthu Zochititsa Chidwi Zimene Zinachitika Posintha Makompyuta

Njira yopangira zipangizo zamakono ndi zopangapanga inadziwika kwambiri.

  • , makamaka [[FLT .1] Mfumus Monoke [1] : Studio Ghibli [1] Utoto wa makono wa pafupifupi 10% ya zipoloko za filimuyo, makamaka kaamba ka miyalo ndi ziyambukiro. Chinali kuyesa kochenjera kumene kunatsimikizira Hayao Miyazaki kuti atha kusunga kusaina kwake popanda kufuna kuti chingwe chilichonse chikhale chojambula ndi manja.
  • Blood : Vafarm Yomalizira : filimu yoyambirira ya aima inapangidwa ndi zipangizo za magetsi, inaphatikiza mayeso a m'manja ndi maginito onse ndi ma CGI a C. Mdima , mizere yake ya magetsi inasonyeza kuti vidiyo ingathe kuchititsa mantha ndi kuvuta.
  • -2004 – GHOst mu Chichewa 2: Innoce [[FLT :2]: Oshii anasungirira ukwati wa 2D ndi 3D ku mlingo watsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito madesiki, zidole, ndi kuyesa kwenikweni kwanthaŵi yathunthu kumene kunachokera ku injini za masewera a pa vidiyo.
  • [[FLT :0] 2013 – Munda wa Mawu [1]: Makoto Shincai] tsatanetsatane wa zinthu, wopangidwa pafupifupi ndi kujambula ndi kujambula, anasonyeza kuti njira imodzi yokha ikhoza kufanana ndi magulu onse akumbuyo. Chithunzi cha froomatic interligine of light ndi chijanja cha madiginic a esthetic.

Pofika pakati pa ma 760,000, shele inali itatheratu pa TV. Longālruning frankchies monga tsopano adabadwa [naruto], , N'chidutswa chimodzi , ndi [[FLT] BLEAch adabadwa tsopano, kulola ziyambukiro zapadera ndi zamadzi zimene anthu achichepere anayembekezera. Mpatukonso unatsegula khomo la ma holotudi ndi odziimira kuti aloŵe msika wopanda mabomba aakulu a pikito.

Mmene Kachipangizo Koimba Mafoni Kanayambanso Kuthandiza Kuti Zinthu Zizipangidwa Bwino

Kamerayo ikhoza kudutsa mosavuta ngakhale kuti zilembozo zinalipobe ndi ndege za 2D. Ojambulawo akanatha kuika zilembozo “zotchedwa kuti jara" kumbuyo kwa chida, kujambula, kapena kuzungulira chithunzi cha madigiri 360.

Ziyambukiro Zowoneka ndi Kukwera kwa “Sakuga” Malo Osonyeza Malo

Asanapange makompyuta, ziyambukiro monga mphezi, auras, ndi kuphulika zinapakidwa utoto ndi mafashoni, zomwe zinafuna makompyuta otchuka ndi chidziŵitso chakuya cha mawonekedwe a zinthu. Zida zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza maluso ameneŵa: madetente opangidwa pambuyo pa kusintha kwa zinthu, kuwala, ndi kuulutsidwa kwa zinthu zopingasa zokhala m’magazi mazana ambiri. Zimenezi zinathandizira kuphulika kwa maloto ochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu 2010. Zida za ishakegenrere, mwachitsanzo, zodalira kwambiri pa mizere ya matsenga, maluŵale a kuwala kwanthaŵi zokwanira 65, ndi zing'amba 3D zomwe zikanakhala zosayembekezereka zaka khumi zapitazo. Komabe ngozi ya kuphulika kwa [1] [1] pulogalamu yosonyeza.

Kusintha kwa Mlengi Kodziimira Pawokha

Mwinamwake chochititsa chidwi kwambiri chinali kuchepetsa chopinga kuti aloŵe. Ndi kompyuta yabwino ndi laisensi ya Clip Studio Paint kapena Toon Bootm Harmony, mlengi mmodzi kapena kamphindi ka doujin kang'ono kangapange mphindi zapamwamba . Makoto Shinai adapanga kulimba kwake kwachidule, Mavaice a Nyenyezi ya Nyengo ya Prectist [[FLT:] (2002], pafupifupi kotheratu pa Mphamvu ya Mac G4.

Kulimbana, Kupsa ndi Ntchito, ndi Chinthu Chofunika kwa Munthu

Kusintha kumeneku sikunali kopweteka. Opanga makompyuta amene anatha zaka makumi ambiri akuphunzira kujambula ndi kujambula zithunzi za nyukiliya anapeza kuti luso lawo linatsika mwadzidzidzi; ena anasintha modandaula. Panali kupitirizabe, ndipo panalinso kupanda maziko, kuopa kuti makompyuta angalimbikitse ulesi .

N’zodabwitsa kuti, kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri zipangizo zamagetsi kunathandiza kuti pakhale vuto losatha. Chifukwa chakuti tsopano kunali kofulumira kupanga vuto, makomiti opanga zinthu anafuna kuti azikhala ndi zinthu zambiri, kuzungulira kwa zinthu zambiri, ndi kutsatizana kwa nthawi. Ntchito ya woyendetsayo, kutali ndi kuphwa, kuphulika. Makina aakulu a makampaniwa ndi malipiro ochepa ndi maola ambiri amasungunulidwa ndi makina amene amatha kuyendetsa bwino tsiku lonse, ndi atsogoleri akutumiza zowongolera zodutsa m'mapulatifomu kwa maola onse. Makiyi a munthu a botolo: makiyi aluso akufunikabe kuti apese moyo m’zilembo, ndi makompyuta a maadigalamu a [1] angokhoza kuchepetsako.

Kugaŵanika kwa Maonekedwe

Kutsutsana kwakukulu kukupitirizabe chifukwa cha “kuyang'ana kwa masuntswana. . "Malinga ndi manambala akale kaŵirikaŵiri anavutika ndi mitundu yosanjikizana, yomapaka mankhwala ndi yodalira kwambiri pa miyambo yopendeka yomwe ilibe mtundu wa penti yakuthupi. Purists amaloza ku kuunika kosaoneka ndi kupeta kwa penti, kulephera kwa zojambula, ndi kuya kwake kopangidwa ndi celluloid yomweyo kukhala mikhalidwe yosasinthika. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi, ma holodiaged ambiri amakono amayambitsa dala phokoso lokhala ndi dzinthu, dzinthu, ndi mitundu ina yonga Ufotablete ([FL:] .DEmone Slate S. [FLD1]), adavala chikombole chapadera cha mzera wamakono ndi kujambula 3D, ndi kujambula kwa mitundu yatsopano, ndi kujambula kwa masiku onse aŵiri.

Pa nthawiyi N’kuti Kuli Maselo Otchedwa Hybrid: Kumene Miyoyo Imayenderana ndi Makina

Masiku ano, kugawa kwake sikukuonekanso bwino. Pafupifupi paphiri iliyonse yaikulu ya muluwo imagwira ntchito paipi ya pulogalamu. Makiyi amakoperabe pensulo papepala, amajambula pa pepala, kenako amajambula makompyuta apamwamba. Maboard amapangidwa pa magome, kuoneka bwino kumapangidwa m'mapulogalamu 3D kuti asamatenge kamera, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kumaphatikizana zithunzi ndi kujambula.

Zitsanzo zina zaposachedwapa zimaunikira njira zosiyanasiyana:

  • Sutudio Ghibli: Hayao Miyazaki’ Mnyama ndi Heron (2023]) anagwiritsira ntchito utoto wa masamu kaamba ka kusiyanasiyana kwake, komabe chiwitsocho mouma mutu chinatsutsa CGI kaamba ka zilembo, kudalira pa fram àph 29frame projectn projects yomwe inatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri.
  • Attack pa Titan [1] (Wit Studio / MAPPA): Colossal Titan ndi zolengedwa zina zinadziŵika ndi mawonekedwe a 3D, osanganizidwa m'malo a 2D. Kuphatikiza, ngakhale poyamba kukopa kwa otsagana, kunasinthidwira ku chipangizo champhamvu choperekera mlingo ndi kuulutsa.
  • Dziko la Lustraus (''''''''''''''): ['FLT:3] mpambo umenewu unasuntha 3D CGI ku mlingo umene umamveka ngati 2D, kugwiritsa ntchito kuphimba ndi fream framerate modentifices kutsanzira zipinga za dzanja [“6FLT'acne anone . Kunasonyeza kuti chikwanirizo chaz'CGE chingakhale chogwirizana ndi choyenerera.

Chotero malo a nzimbe amakono ali obwereka momasuka kuchokera ku bokisi la ziŵiya za nyengo iriyonse. Chochitika chimodzi chingaphatikizepo chizindikiro chokhala ndi mphamvu yachibadwa, kuwonekera kwa kumbuyo kwa 3D. Kujambula kwa manambala, ndi ziyambukiro zofanizidwa ndi injini zenizeni za maseŵera. Anime News Network ya ndandanda ya manambala tsatanetsatane wa mmene kusanganizidwa kumeneku kunakhalira kovomerezeka monga kwabwino.

Mtsogolo: AI, Makina Opanga Nthaŵi, ndi Gawo Losadziŵika

Malo otsatira afufuzidwa. Luntha lopanga, mutu wautali wa atomu, tsopano likuloŵa paipi yopanga. Maspease amapereka AIN. AIN àyup adawandidwa pakati pa [1] amene amachepetsa ntchito yamanja yodzaza mafelemu, ngakhale kuti pakali pano madongosolo ameneŵa amafuna kuyang'anira kwambiri kuti apeŵe mizere yokhotakhota ndi kuyendayenda. Zopangapanga za ma injini monga Undeal Ening 5 zikuthandiza kupanga maluso opangira, kumene atsogoleri angawongosintha kuwala ndi kuima kwa kamera pa ntchentche, kutsekereza layini pakati pa mafilimu ndi kukonza mafilimu. Projects zonga [FL:0] Animax [1] Magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mayeza osiyanasiyana a m’tsogolo, kumene madesiki asintha ndi madesiki a Vimfaketimeti aloŵedwa ndi traptop.

Zopanga zimenezi zimadzutsa mafunso ovuta. Kodi magetsi opanga zinthu angachititse kusagwirizana ndi makiyi a munthu mmodzi? Kodi kutulutsa “maluso a zinyama [1] kungachititse msika ndi kuyerekezera zinthu zopanda moyo? Komanso, zida zimenezi zingatheke kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zotha kuchotsapo kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kulola kuti iwo aziyang'ana kufotokoza ndi kuchita zinthu mochititsa chidwi kumene anthu okha angapereke? Kusemphana kwa makhalidwe ndi kulenga n’kodi, ndipo maindasitale ayamba kufotokoza malangizo ake.

Zimene zikuoneka kuti n’zotsimikizirika n’zakuti, mfundo yaikulu ya aime − imayamba ndi kujambula mawu ake mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makina alionse amene alipo ndi kumasuliranso mawu ake.

Kusangalala ndi Zimene Anasiyazo

Kusintha kwa mwambo kupita ku manambala si nkhani ya kusinthika koma kusinthika kwa coplastiki. Kusintha kulikonse kwa luso la zopangapanga, kuyambira pa kupangidwa kwa cel shong mpaka ku pulogalamu yaposachedwapa, kwawonjezera mawu a projective posunga mfundo zozama za nthawi, kulemera, ndi mawu akuti mbadwo wa Tezuka unalembedwa m'luso la zopangapangapanga. Chibayimika chimene timaonera, kaya magetsi a magetsi a m'pangizoni kapena munthu wovuta mwadala, amaima pamapewa a zinthu zatsopano za zaka 100. Chingwe chilichonse chokhala ndi thukuta la thukuta la maluwa a makompyuta, luso la akatswiri a makompyuta, ndi kufunitsitsa kwa anthu masiku ano kujambula zithunzi.

Mutu wotsatira ukulembedwa tsopano lino, m’mastudio, m’zipinda zogona, ndi m’malo ena.