Masaki Yuasa’s Mdyerekezi Crybaby saali dala lochititsa wopenyerera kukhalabe waulesi. Kuchokera ku kutseguka kwake kwamphamvu kufikira kumapeto ake a tsoka, mpambo wa mayeso wa makhalidwe owopsa. Amachotsapo mayeso oyenera ndi kutikakamiza kukhala ndi mafunso amene nkhani zambiri zimasonyeza: Kodi mkhalidwe wa choipa nchiyani pamene ukukhala mkati mwa moyo? Mtundu wa anthu umafotokozedwa ndi chibadwa chathu kapena mphamvu yathu ya kusankha motsutsana nawo? Kodi chiwawa chimaipitsa mosapeŵeka ndi dzanja limene limachita, ngakhale kutetezera anthu osalakwa? Kodi zimenezi siziri zongolingalira chabe zauchindutsa; n’zogwirizana ndi malingaliro a maganizo a anthu?

Zothetsa Nzeru Zamakhalidwe Zapakati

Pamaziko ake, Mdyerekezi Crybaby [[FLT: 1] akusonyeza kusokonezeka kwa zinthu ziŵiri. Kusintha kwa thupi kwa Akira Fudo kuli kwa mwamsanga, koma kusintha kwake kwa makhalidwe kuli komvetsa chisoni, kosagwirizana. Nkhanizi sizimasiya mkhalidwe wake watsopano monga chiyambi chapadera; imagwiritsira ntchito thupi lake lopangidwa modabwitsa kusanthula ngati makhalidwe abwino ali ntchito yachibadwa kapena ngati akufuna. Kupsinjika kumeneku ndiko kuchitika kwa chilengedwe chonse cha makhalidwe abwino, kumachititsanso mavuto ena pa mkhalidwe wabwino ndi woipa, kulungamitsa chiwawa, ndi ukulu wa thayo la munthu payekha.

Kudziwika kwa Anthu Oipa

Kugwirizana kwa Akira ndi chiwanda cha Amoni kwaikidwa monga kugonjetsa kwa mkati: iye amasunga mtima wake waumunthu ndi chifundo pamene akuloŵa m’malo mwa mphamvu yaikulu ya Amoni. Ichi mwamsanga chimacholoŵanitsa kuletsa kwachibadwa kulikonse kwa zinthu zoipa. Ziwanda m’mpambo wankhanizo kaŵirikaŵiri zimalongosola nkhanza zawo monga chibadwa cha anthu. Zimakondwera ndi kuvutika kwa munthu, koma Akira amatsimikizira kuti maganizo a munthu angagonjetse zimenezo. Pamenepo funso lamakhalidwe labwino limakhalapo: ngati munthu angasankhe chifundo, pamlingo uti pamene timaleka kutcha chiwanda?

Vuto limeneli likuonekera m’mavumbulutso amene amatsutsa kumasulira anthu. Kusiyana kwa Akira (amene amawoneka ngati mdyerekezi koma amamamatira ku chifundo) ndi Ryo (amene amawoneka munthu koma amawonekera kukhala wosakhala wankhanza) amafunsa openyerera funso lankhanza: ngati choipa sichili mbali yoikika koma yotchuka, ndi chivomerezo cha kufunitsitsa kwathu kuvomereza ena?

Zoipa: Mzera Wosadziwika Bwino

Chilombochi chimachititsa kuti ziwanda zikhale ndi mphamvu yokonda anthu, monga kapolo amene amalira mbuye wake, ndi anthu amene amagwera m’mavuto oopsa kwambiri. Anthu akangophunzira za kukhalapo kwa ziwanda, kufalikira, ndipo anthu amayamba kusaka “ziwanda zoyesedwa". Ziwandazo mwa njira iliyonse. Maganizo amenewa amachititsa kuti ziwanda zizunzike, ziperekedwe, ndiponso kupha anthu osalakwa omwe anali osiyana ndi anzawo. Chiwanda chimaphedwa mwankhanza ndi gulu la anthu pamene akupempha chifundo.

Kubisa pulogalamu imeneyi kumachokera ku psychology yeniyeni ya dziko, kumene kudziŵika kwa gulu ndi mantha kungapangitse anthu wamba kukhala ochititsa upandu. Ziwanda kaŵirikaŵiri ziri zankhanza kwambiri, koma nkhanza za anthu zimasonyezedwa kukhala zonyenga kwambiri chifukwa chakuti zimavala zophimba za chilungamo ndi kudzichititsa. Mndandandawu umayendera pamodzi ndi [[FLT:] malongosoledwe a zoipa amene amasiyanitsa pakati pa “machitidwe oipa" ndi“ makhalidwe oipa, , akumapereka lingaliro lakuti anthu ambiri, ndi ziwanda zofanana, siziri zoipa koma zimakhala choncho kupyolera mwa mipambo yotchuka ya zinthu.

Kuwononga Ndalama Zochitira Chiwawa ndi Kupereka Chithandizo

Chimodzi cha mbali zosasintha kwenikweni za Mdyerekezi Crybaby [1] ndi kukana kwake kuchititsa chiwawa. Kukhetsa mwazi sikuperekedwa monga katharsis; n’kuwononga, ndi kopanda tanthauzo. Nkhanizo zimafunsa ngati chiwawa chingakhale chida cha makhalidwe abwino, ngakhale pamene chigwiritsiridwa ntchito kutetezera ofooka. Amara kupulumutsa anthu ku ziŵanda, komabe nkhondo iliyonse imatulutsa mphamvu ya anthu auchiwanda. Thupi lake limasintha, koma mzimu wake umawononga. Chiwawa ndi chida wamba, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kusintha chizindikiritso cha makhalidwe abwino a wogwiritsa ntchito? Theime akulangiza: machitidwe ankhanza, osalungamitsa, osalungamitsa, osalungamitsa, mphamvu ya kutetezera ndi kuchititsa kuvutitsa kwa woukira.

Mutu umenewu ukufalikira ku nkhondo yachilengedwe pakati pa angelo ndi ziŵanda zosonyezedwa m'nkhaniyi. Kusintha kwa kubwezera kwa zaka zikwi kukuvumbula dziko kumene kuli kobwezera kokulira kubweretsa kubwezera kowonjezereka. Makhalidwe abwino amakhala olakwa chifukwa chakuti mbali iriyonse imakhulupirira kuti chiwawa chake ncholungama. Chotero chisonyezerocho chimayang'anizana ndi wopenyerera ndi vuto lamphamvu [1]: ngati kumenyana ndi choipa kumafuna kuti mukhale woyenerera kusiyanitsa ndi icho, kodi choipa chapambana kale?

Anthu Kupyolera mwa Chiŵanda

Mwa kuika anthu pamodzi ndi ziwanda zake, Mdyerekezi Crybaby [1] Amachita mtundu wa mdima wa kutentha kwa thupi. Siikometsera mtundu wathu. Mmalomwake, imapereka lingaliro lakuti chimene timatcha “umunthu” ndi ntchito yosalimba yogwirizanitsidwa ndi mayanjano amene, pamene asweka, amavumbula mphamvu yachibadwa yowopsa. Nkhanizo zimasonkhezera lingaliro limeneli kumapeto ake oipitsitsa: mwinamwake ziŵanda siziri chiwopsezo chakunja, koma mbali ya mkhalidwe wa anthu, kudzutsidwa ndi tsoka.

Malumbiro a Chibadwidwe ndi Wolemekeza Chitukuko

M’dziko limene kukhulupirirana kumagwa, anthu amayambiranso ku moyo waukulu: mantha, kulakalaka, umbombo, ndi ufuko. Zofalitsa za anthu m'zochitikazo zimafulumiza kunyonyotsoka kumeneku, kufalikira kwa adani othekera kufalikira mofulumira kwambiri kuposa ziŵanda. Katswiri wafilosofi Thomas Hobbes anafotokoza mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe monga nkhondo ya onse, ndi [[FLT:] DYP] Crybaby [1] malingaliro a kuwonongeka kumeneku m’nthaŵi yeniyeni. Chithunzi cha kutsungula n’chochepa kwambiri kwakuti kusandulika kwa ziŵanda kumawononga anthu onse. Kufunsakufunsa [FLT:]

Kupanda Chilungamo, Ziphuphu, ndi Kutaya Chiyembekezo

Kuwonongedwa kwa kupanda liwongo ndi chimodzi cha zojambula za mndandanda za mawonekedwe owopsa a Akira. Malingaliro opanda liwongo a dziko amasokonezeka mkati mwa zochitika zoŵerengeka zoyambirira, koma momvetsa chisoni kwambiri, kuyesayesa kwake kutetezera ena kukhala opanda liwongo kumakhala kopanda pake. MikiMamura, amene amasonyeza chifundo ndi kuunika, amaikidwa m’vuto losadziŵika chifukwa chakuti ali ndi chiipitso koma chifukwa chakuti dziko lozungulira linakhala makina ochititsa kuipitsidwa kukhala lopanda chiyembekezo. Choikitsa chake si chilango cha kulephera kwa makhalidwe koma chisonyezero cha dziko limene lingakhale losatetezeredwa chifukwa chakuti nyumba zotanthauza kutetezera zawonongedwa ndi mantha ndi udani.

Zimenezi zimadzutsa funso lakuti: Kodi munthu angakhalebe woyera m’chitaganya choipa, kapena kodi kupulumuka kumafuna mlingo wakutiwakuti wa kulolera makhalidwe abwino? Anthu ena amayesa kukhala osakhudzidwa, kukana kuloŵa m'chiwawa, koma sonyeza kuti kusasamala kwa kukhosi kuli chosankha cha makhalidwe abwino ndi zotsatirapo. Nkhanizi zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro la mwaŵi wa makhalidwe abwino : mikhalidwe imene timaponyedwamo kaŵirikaŵiri imasonyeza njira za makhalidwe abwino zimene zilipo, ndipo nthaŵi zina palibe njira zoyenerera.

Thayo, Chosankha, ndi Mtsogoleri wa Makhalidwe

Ngati chiwawa ndi chibadwa cha moyo zili ndi mphamvu, kodi ndi mbali yotani imene imachitika? Mdyerekezi Crybaby [[FLT: 1] amayang'ana zimenezi mwa kuyang'ana pa nthaŵi za chosankha. Akira mobwerezabwereza amasankha chifundo, ngakhale ngati chioneka ngati chopanda pake. Anthu ena amasankha kuperekedwa kapena kudzimana. Chionetserochi chikusonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti sitikhoza kulamulira mikhalidwe yathu yoyambirira, tidakali ndi thayo la zochita zathu. Mlandu wa Ryo amalephera kuzindikira kulemera kwa zosankha zake, akutchula chilichonse cha kulinganiza kapena kupanga zinthu zazikulu, pamene anthu akusonyezedwa mwa kuumirira mtima ndi zosankha zake, osachita zinthu zambiri.

Chigogomezero chimenechi pa kusankha chimayambukira ndi nthanthi ya kukhalako kwa munthu, makamaka lingaliro lakuti timatsutsidwa kukhala aufulu. Ngakhale pamene tizunguliridwa ndi kuletsa kusakhala ndi mphamvu ya moyo wa munthu , zolinganiza zaumulungu, chitsenderezo cha anthu . Ziŵalo za m' Mdyerekezi Crybaby [1] [1] [1] sangapeŵe mtolo wa kusankha ndi kuŵerengera kwa makhalidwe amene akutsatira. Anaime amafunsa openyerera kuti alingalire kumene angaike mzera wawo: pamfundo imene chibadwa chimakhala chodzikhululukira, ndipo pamfundo yotani imene munthu kapena mdyerekezi amakhala wochititsa mavuto amene amachititsa?

Zovala Zanzeru: Kuposa Zabwino ndi Zoipa

Chipwirikiti cha makhalidwe abwino cha Mdyerekezi Crybaby [1] Cryn "amene amaŵerenga kudzera m'lesi ya Nietzsche. Friedrich Nietzsche’s [Frietzs:2] Beyond Beyoth ndi Bibi] Bel [[Flut:3] anatsutsa malingaliro enieni a makhalidwe abwino, akumanena kuti zimene timatcha “zabwino” ndi“ choipa” kaŵirikaŵiri ndizo mawu a mphamvu, kukwiya, ndi mkhalidwe wa anthu. Mipamboyi imaonetsa zimenezi mwa kusonyeza kuti ziwanda ndi anthu amadzilungamitsa okha. Ziwanda zimaona anthu monga ng’ombe, pamene anthu amaona kuti nzonyansa. Chiŵanda chilichonse chimalungamitsa chiwawa. Kuloŵa kwake kwa munthu mwini makhalidwe abwino kumakhala ndi kuopsa kwake popanda khalidwe loyera.

Kuwonjezerapo, mpambowo umasintha miyambo ya Chinositi ndi yavumbulutso, kumene dziko lakuthupi liri nkhondo pakati pa mphamvu za kuunika ndi mdima. Komabe, Mtsogoleri wa Druth Crybaby amapotoza miyambo imeneyi mwa kukana kuyeretsa mbali zonse ziŵiri. Angelo ngosamva bwino ndi owononga; ziŵanda zili zankhanza komanso nchikondi. Kuwonekera bwino kwa makhalidwe sikumachokera ku mbali ya chilengedwe koma ku zochita zachifundo zimene zimaposa ziwiri. Kudabwitsa kumeneku kwa filosofi kumakweza kuima mchitidwe wa kumbuyo mndandanda wa kusinkhasinkha koona pa makhalidwe abwino.

Kumvetsa Chisoni ndi Mavuto

Chifundo ndi mtima wa munthu wokonda kulira kwambiri. Nthaŵi zonse pamene nkhanizo zitha kukhala zopanda chiyembekezo, zimangokhala ngati zikhale zopanda chifundo, zopweteka. Kukhoza kwa Akira kulira adani ake, kumva kulemera kwa moyo uliwonse umene wawonongeka, kumaoneka osati ngati kufooka koma ngati mphamvu yokha yolimbana ndi zoipa. Makhalidwe amene amavutika, kumva ndi kugwirizana, ndiwo maziko a kumvetsetsa kwa makhalidwe abwino. Pamene anthu avutika kapena a anthu ena atha kuchita zinthu zoipa.

Zimenezi zikugwirizana ndi kufufuza kwamakono kwa chifundo ndi makhalidwe, kumene kukusonyeza kuti kugaŵana ndi ena kuli mbali yaikulu ya kupanga zosankha za makhalidwe abwino. Ziwanda zimene zimasonyeza nkhanza sizichita zimenezo chifukwa chakuti zilibe nzeru koma chifukwa chakuti zilibe mlatho wa maganizo umene umagwirizanitsa kupweteka ndi chikumbumtima. Anthu amene amawononga ena m'nkhanizi pang’onopang’ono amatayanso mlathowo. Motero, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makhalidwe sikuli pakati pa mitundu ya anthu koma pakati pa awo amene amadzilola kusonkhezeredwa ndi kuvutika kwa ena ndi aja amene amatseka chitseko chimenecho.

Kumaliza: Kuyera Makhalidwe m’Chilengedwe Chopanda Chiyanjo

Mdyerekezi Crybaby satha ndi mayankho. Siimapereka maziko olimbikitsa a makhalidwe abwino. Mmalomwake, imasiya wopenyerera m'phulusa ndi bata la dziko limene lapasuka ndi mantha, udani, ndi kubwezera. Komabe mkati mwa kuwonongekako, imabzala mbewu yomapitirizabe: nthaŵi zachifundo, zosankha za kukonda ngakhale pamene chikondi chikuwoneka kukhala chopanda pake, sizimachotsedwa ndi tsoka lomaliza. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti zachitika. Nkhanizo zimasonyeza kuti kuwona mtima kwa makhalidwe abwino sikuli ponena za dongosolo la zinthu zonse; kuli ponena za kupitirizabe, kuipitsa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito yopweteka m’chilengedwe chimene sichimatsimikizira kuti chidzakhala chotsimikizirika.

Kwa openyerera, kachilombo ka antimime kamagwira ntchito monga kalirole wakuda, kusapereka pothaŵirapo m’nkhani za makhalidwe abwino zosavuta. Kuvuta kuti tipende mantha athu, mphamvu zathu za nkhanza, ndi kufunitsitsa kwathu kusonyeza chifundo kumtundu wathu. Pochita zimenezo, Mdyerekezi Crybaby amakhala nkhani yosamveka; amakhala tsoka la filosofi limene limafunsa funso lofunika koposa la makhalidwe abwino: pamene chinthu chilichonse chachotsedwa, kodi musankha kukhala chiyani?