Chinsinsi ndicho luso la kukopa moyo kuchokera ku kusauka. Kupyola zaka zoposa zana limodzi za kuyesa, gulu laling'ono la akatswiri ndi mainjiniya lafufuza malire a kayendedwe, malingaliro, ndi kuwona kwa thupi. Pakati pa mphamvu zosintha kwambiri m'mbiri imeneyo pali osintha amene anatembenuza maganizo awo mkati mwa mafupa. Akatswiriwa, onse pamodzi akukumbukiridwa monga “Apainiya, anamvetsa lamulo limene tsopano likuwoneka kukhala lowonekera koma linali kutha: Kuyendayenda kokopa kuchokera ku maziko a mkati. Mwa kuphunzira alluations, injinia, ndipo pomalizira pake anawapatsa mawu a kaundula amene analongosolanso zimene atha kuchita ndi kumva.

Liwu lakuti “mafupa” m'nkhaniyi ndi mawu enieni ndi ophiphiritsira. M'kuimitsa, linafotokoza zitsulo zimene zimagwira ntchito monga ma enoskeleton osinthasintha. M'mayeso ojambula ndi manja, zinatanthauza kupandukira ziboliboli zopoto zoyambirira zogwirizana ndi mfundo za mafupa, kulemera, ndi kulimba. M'makompyuta, zinakhala digitagedi ya ma node amene amasinthanitsa mesi. M'nyengo iliyonse, apainiya ankalimbana ndi nyumba zapansi. Zotsatira zawo sizimatsekedwa m’nyumba za m'mabwinja; zimayenderana ndi maluso onse a pa maseŵero, maseŵero opanga, ndi m’mitengo monga maopaleshoni.

Kusintha kwa Kagulu

Kalekale ma aimator asanagunde makiyi amodzi, vuto la kusuntha kachilembo kotchedwa creding linalibe yankho losavuta. Kuyesa kwa mafilimu akale kunathandiza zidole ndi kujambula ngati mawonekedwe athyathyathya. Zotulukapo zinali zokongola koma zopanda kulemera. Maboo anazindikira kuti kuyenda kumachokera pamlingo wa mafupa. Kuzungulira sikumangoyenda miyendo; ndiko miyendo yozungulira, msana umagunda, kutsendeza, mapewa. Mwa kuyala nzeru imeneyi m’chilengedwe chawo, zimenezi zimasintha kachitidwe kapangidwe ka zinthu kuchokera pamwamba ku utototo kunka ku chilangizo.

Kusintha kumeneku sikunali kwapadera. Kumene kunachitika m'malo ochitira zinthu oimika zinthu, pa matebulo ojambula m'makompyuta akuluakulu, ndipo pambuyo pake m'malabulale a pa yunivesite. Mafuta . Ogulira mafuta, ojambula madokopo ophunzitsidwa bwino, ndi asayansi a pakompyuta a kompyuta onse anathandiza. Chimene chinawagwirizanitsa chinali kukana kuyang’anira zilembo ngati zigoba zopanda kanthu. Anamanga kuchokera m’kati, ndipo pochita zimenezi, anayala maziko a njira iliyonse imene inatsatirapo.

M’gulu la Opaleton: Okhwima

M'malo atatu a kujambula kwa magetsi, mafupa kaŵirikaŵiri anali achitsulo. Willis O’Brien , maluso owoneka kumbuyo Dziko Lotayika [[FLT] (1925]) ndi lachiyambi [[FLT:] King Kong [[FLT]] [1933]), adayambitsa ntchito ya kupenyetsetsa kopenta [maball àrandmandsss. Zimenezi sizinali zooneka mwapangizo wamba. O’Brien zinali zozolowerana ndi zitsulo, ndi zitsulo zimene zinakhoza kuchititsa kuima. Zotsatira, zinachokera kumapeto kwa mabowo, koma kumbuyo kwa mato, koma kumbuyo kwa mato.

O’Brien’s proté proté Ray Harryhausen [1] anakweza kujambula kukhala kwabwino. Pantchito youlutsa mafilimu monga Kuyenda 7 kwa Sinbad [[FLT] ndi [FLT] [[FLT] [4] [] Jason] ndi Argonauts , Harryhazen, anawongolera zimene anatcha Dynam' [[5] mchitidwe wodalira pa kujambula kwaluso la maglone. Cholengedwa chilichonse chinamangidwa chapakati pa msana, mapewa, ndi mchira, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri chinapangidwa ndi mchira. Koma osamveka, chikhomezire, chija chotchukacho. Chomwe chimakhala ndi chofanana ndi chikhomezi champhamvu champhamvu. Chomwe chimene chinkafuna kupenda chinzaniza. [F]

Mwambowo unapitiriza ndi Filpitt , amene njira yake ya Goblotion ya Impire Imamenya Back Back yolumikizidwa ndi injini kuitumiza mobwerezabwereza. Zimenezi zinalola chidolecho kuyenda pang'ono mkati mwa kutseka kotsegulira, kuyambitsa kulephera kwa kuima kwa mwambo. Kachiŵirinso, kuyambika kunali kokhomereka m’matumbo; arkime adafunikira kuvomereza moyenerera kuloŵetsamo zinthu zopinga pamene akutumizabe mbali zosaoneka zimene zimatulutsa kupuma, kusintha kulemera, ndi kunjenjemera kwa thupi. Akatswiri onsewa anasonyeza kuti kulimba kwa thupi kwa kachitidwe ka ka kachitidwe ka ka ka ka kachitidwe ka.

Mapiko Okongola: Kuchokera ku Chisambukire Kufikira ku Anatomy Yake

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chipanduko chinayambika m'dziko la maseŵero a 2D. M'ma 1920, zilembo zinapangidwa kuchokera ku “ruber pair” miyendo . Mipando yosaoneka imene inakhota kulikonse, popanda kulongosola mafupa kapena mfundo. Kapangidwe kanali madzi koma kopanda kulemera ndi kapangidwe. Pa Disney ndi ma holodio ena, mbadwo watsopano wa akatswiri aluso anayamba kuphunzira nyama ndi mapangidwe a munthu ndi ukulu wa odwala. Anapenda mmene msana wa m’mapapoto, mmene mapokoso, ndi mmene ndodo ya m’mapaipi imagwedezera miyendo. Cholinga chawo sichinali chenicheni chifukwa chake, koma kulimba kwake kwamphamvu kwambiri kumene kunachokera ku mkhalidwe wa m’thupi la matenda.

Animator onga Bill Tytla ndi Vladimir Tytla ] anaphiphiritsira njira imeneyi. Zofanana ndi zilembo zonga mfumukazi yoipa mu [FLT:] [FLT]] ] Kuyera [[FLT]] ndi chiwanda Chernabog [mu Fantasias [[[FLT:]], adalenga zinthu zimene zimatulutsa kupsinjika kwa mkati. Zisonyezero zonse zinawoneka kukhala zochokera ku mafupa. Chotulukapo chinali mtundu wa kugwira ntchito kumene omvera m’matupinga m’thupi mwawo. Kusintha kwa chipangizo chofananacho kuti chikhale chopangidwa ndi “mapanga lamphamvu, kumene kuli ndi zilembo zina zopangidwa ndi zilembo zina.

Mafupa Ogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta: Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kukusintha

Kusintha kwa makompyuta a ma 1970 ndi 1980 kunathandiza Mafupa kupanga njira yatsopano. Ofufuza pa Yunivesite ya Utah ndi New York Institute of Technology analimbana ndi vuto louma: mmene angapangire chithunzi chenicheni popanda kukonzanso pulogalamu iliyonse. Mapeto ake anali mafupa ndi mafupa. Mwa kupanga mapulogalamu a mafupa omwe ali mkati mwa chifanizo, ndi kumanga mesh ku fupalo, fupa limodzi lozungulira linakhoza kupatsa mphamvu pa dzanja lonse. Limeneli linali Baibulo la pulogalamu ya ziwalo za thupi.

Pakati pa ochirikiza oyambirira panali Catmull . Parke adalenga mmodzi wa mawonekedwe a manja ndi nkhope . [FLT:] ndi [Fred Parke] Fred Park . Ntchito yawo, yolembedwa mu [FLT: 4.] SigGRAPH zosungiramo mbiri yakale [[FL:5], inayamba maziko a luso la kapangidwe kake kamakono. Lerolino, khalidwe la m'filimu silikujambula; imasonkhanitsa mafilimu owonongeka ndi masamu a masamu a m'mizere.

Programu yonga Autodesk Maya inachititsa malingaliro ameneŵa kupezeka ku maindasitale aakulu. Maya chida ndi dongosolo la zomangira imalola ojambula zithunzi za m'madzi kupanga mafupa, kugwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zosiyana, ndi zopimira zapakhungu. Chinjokanjo chilichonse mu Games ya Thrones , iliyonse ya filimu yachinyezi, ndi mlendo aliyense mu pilofi imakhala ndi phale yotchukayi. Koma phangalo limakhalapo chifukwa cha apainiya omwe analingalira choyamba kukhala osajambula, koma monga wojambula.

Njira Zosinthira Zomwe Zinasintha Umisiri

Apainiya a Mafupa sanangopanga mafupa abwinopo; anapanga njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirizanitsa zimene zinasintha mmene maluso a kujambula amachitidwira.

Kuyenda kwa Mafupa Kodabwitsa

Thream history à stres strep propectus . Mafupa anawonjezeranso mbali ina: kukuza kuzungulira ndi malo a m’mimba kugulitsa kulemera ndi mphamvu. Mu kuimitsa. Izi zinatanthauza kuti ndodo yozungulira ingathe kutsegulidwa kupyola kupendena kwenikweni kwa zamoyo, komabe kuyendayendako kunaŵerengedwabe chifukwa chakuti kumvetsetsa kwa mafupa , dzanja la mkono wa m’manja , linasungidwa. M’mayeso a 2D, kunatsogolera kumene msana wonse wa munthu womangidwa kuchokera ku chuuno, ndi mutu wake wotsatira tsatanetsatane, mafupa . Kusinthaku kunapangitsa ngakhale kachitidwe kochititsa kujambula kokhutiritsa.

Filosofi Yamaluso a Zoyerekezera

Pakatikati pake, kupima kwa maselo a thupi kumafuna kuti kapangidwe kalikonse kayambe ndi kapangidwe ka mkati. Kaya kujambula nsalu zinayi kapena kujambula zitsulo, wojambulayo choyamba amalongosola nthiti, msana, msana, ndi ziwalo. Kugwedezekako kumatsekedwa mwa kutsekereza muyalo wa khosi umenewu, ndipo mfundo yapamwamba ikutsatira. Njirayi imalola kuti mapangidwe oyendanso ndi osasinthasinthasintha ndi kuchotsa zitsulo. Zinyama za Harryúsen sizinapangidwe ndi dongo; mafupa awo achitsulo amakakamiza kuyendayenda kumene kuyenderana kumene kumadalira. Mfundo yamakhalidwe yamakono, kumene kumatchedwa “kuzungulira kwa thupi la munthu. [1]

Kuvuta Kumvetsa

Masewera oyambirira analimbana ndi zinthu zambiri zoyenda popanda kutaya mtima. Mafupa anayamba kujambula mutu wa munthu ndi kusiyanitsa kayendedwe ka ndege zosiyanasiyana. Poimika ndege. Popanga ndege, malo ovuta angaphatikizepo cholengedwa chooneka bwino pa kachipangizo kake kopimira, chokhala ndi chilombo chooneka bwino, kenako cholumikizidwa ndi kamera kapena maso. Mu 2D, mutu wa munthu, torso, ndi miyendo yake ikhoza kupangidwa pamlingo wosiyana, ndi thupi lake limodzi ndi thambo lake. Zimenezi zinalola kuti munthu aziyenda mozungulira, mutu wodziimira, ndipo kuti atembenuke popanda kuswa umodzi wa mafupawo.

Chisinthiko cha Kukula

Mafupa achitsulo a Harryhausen anali opepuka, opangidwa bwino lomwe adagwiritsira ntchito ziwalo zosinthasintha ndi kulola maaxikusi ambiri kuzungulira mfundo iliyonse yaikulu. Phil Tiplett anasungirira mfundoyo ndi Goàmotion , pamene pambuyo pake anasiya malo ochezera onga Laika omwe anapitirizabe kulowa ndi 3DÍgend printive nkhope zimene zimangosinthasinthasinthana. M'malo a manambala, arpix anakhala ndi gulu la madendensi, owonjezeredwa ndi maulamuliro. Komabe, malingaliro a pakati pa mafupa angawo angayambitse, makiyi ake, mapulogalamu, ndi ma thopeste.

Choloŵa Chomwe Chimasintha Zinthu Zonse

Chiyambukiro cha kulingalira kwa fupa ndi kulimba kwake. Woyang'anira mafilimu angapo otchuka. Lerolino, ant sync TD (Technical Guide) ndi imodzi ya ntchito zofunika kwambiri popanga. Rigting . Kupangidwa kwa makompyuta okhala ndi mphamvu zolamulira za maloto. Nthano imasankha woyang'anira pheŵa, kuzungulira, ndi dzanja la digital kumira, khungu la madeforma, ndi kulemera kwamphamvu kumaoneka chifukwa chakuti mafupa ake anamangidwa bwino. Ntchitoyi, tsopano imayendera pa malo ogwirira ntchito monga Pix, Droms Lols, ndi Aters & Lamp; Magic, imachokera mwachindunji ku sitolo.

Kutenga luso la zopangapanga kwa kayendedwe kumawonjezera kugwirizana. Ngati wopanga masewero avala suti ya mapokosi, zizindikiro zounikira zimaikidwa pa zinthu zimene zimasonyeza mafupa a mafupa , zigono, m’chuuno, maondo. Zolemba zogwidwazo zimayendetsa mafupa a makompyuta, ndipo mafupa amayendetsa khalidwe. Masewera monga Union ndi Undeal Enjinial Frieash, kumene mphamvu ya fupa lililonse ya m’thupi langa imapenta ndi kuyesedwa. Makampani onse a zosangulutsa, kuyambira pa atatu palato kukafika ku maprojekiti, amakhala pa maziko a nzeru ya mazira. Mapainiya sakanatha kuyembekezera kuti afunikira munthu woyenda ndi wodzilukana ndi wooneka bwino, koma iwo analemba mapulani.

Chiyambukiro chake chimafika ngakhale m'mankhwala ndi unjiniya. Malamulo a masamu a Skeletala amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano kutsanzira mameno a maselo a maselo kuti apange maluso, kulinganiza maopaleshoni a mafupa, ndi kuphunzitsa madokotala a kuthupi. Kufufuza mosamalitsa za malire a mfundo za mafupa, kutalika kwa mafupa, ndi malo a mphamvu yokoka amene anayamba m'mafakitale tsopano amathandiza akatswiri a zachipatala ndi ofufuza kumvetsa mmene anthu akuyendera. Zimenezi zikusonyeza mmene apainiya amasinthira kwambiri m’choonadi chapadziko lonse ponena za kayendedwe: ngati mungapange ndi kulamulira mafupa, mungatsanzire moyo.

Kuchokera Kumbuyo kwa Malo Owonekera Kupita ku Mabwalo Aakulu: Kubwezeretsa Apainiya

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, apainiya a Maboo ankagwira ntchito yosadziwika bwino. Akatswiri ojambula zithunzi ankaonedwa kuti ndi ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa maindasitale a 2D. Anthu ambiri odziwa kujambula anali zipangizo zopangira makompyuta, osakondwerera. Asayansi a pakompyuta amene analemba makina oyamba osindikiza m’manyuzipepala a zamaphunziro, kutali ndi anthu onse. Harryhauth anatchuka kwambiri patapita nthawi. Anthu ambiri ojambula zithunzi za anthu omwe ankapanga zinthu zojambula kapena kujambula zithunzi zaupainiya ankasadziwika kwa anthu onse.

Mwamwaŵi, mabungwe tsopano akuthandiza kuwongolera mbiri. Zoonetsera pa [FLT: 0] Muzu wa Chithunzi Chopita Patsogolo ndi [FLT] ndi [maprojekiti a] Academy Museum of Motion Pictures [ zasonyeza maluwa okongola achitsulo, maluso oyambirira ojambula okhala ndi mapepala osonyeza zinthu zokongola, ndi kuyambika kwa CGIingpagellating program. Mapangano ndi kukonzanso tsopano amasamala kuti afotokoze mmene alimidwe, mmene mlingo wa trigotion unaliri wolinganizika, ndi mmene woyendetsa thupi anapimira anafikira ntchito yapadera. Akatswiri a pa [FL:] Socie projectivess Flutions [Flctive: Flue process proces process proces procesties process yosaikululiration , ngakhale kuti apange apange. Apainiya akuthandiza kwambiri, Chiyambi chaku

Kuphunzitsa Anthu Omanga Mafupa

Mapulogalamu a ma programu ndi makompyuta a pa intaneti, amayamba mwa kuphunzira za thupi la munthu. Amaphunzira mayina a mafupa, mmene mfundo zimagwirira ndi kukoka. Amapanga unyolo wofanana. Amaphunzitsidwa kufunsa kuti: Kodi ndi kuti kulemera? Kodi mzere wa fupa umayendera bwanji kuti ukhale wogwirizana?

Zida zothandizira kukonza zinthu zathandiza kwambiri kuphunzira zimenezi. Ojambulawo amapanga zinthu zotsalira mafupa awo komanso zolemera . Zida zopangira zinthu zotha kujambula, amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta a Xûray kapena kujambula chida chotchedwa Xînessatics. Madyerero masiku ano amajambula mafilimu otchuka amene sadziwika kuti ndi opanga zinthu zina.

M’mafakitale, mawu a mafupa amatchuka. Chipangizo chabwino chimatamandidwa kuti ali ndi “mafupa oyera,” pamene munthu wosagwira bwino ntchito amanenedwa kuti ali ndi“ mafupa osweka.” Kupenda ndi zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga. Mfundoyi yakhala yoimira mphamvu ya maziko. Asanawonjezere ubweya, ulusi, kapena maonekedwe ake, mafupa ayenera kukhala omveka. Apainiya oyambirirawo anawapatsa maeto a m’manja mwawo, ndipo akupitiriza kukonza zopanga zinthu za gulu lililonse limene likufuna kupanga khalidwe.

Mapeto ake: Zopanga Zoyenda Mosabisa

Kukula kwa mafakitale a mafupa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri . Ndizo kusintha kwakukulu kwa zinthu m'mbiri ya zithunzi. Mwa kuika ntchito yawo pa mafupa a mafupa, anatseka mpata pakati pa zithunzi zooneka ndi mphamvu ya mtima. Kupyolera m’kugunda kwa mafupa, kujambula, kulimba kwa masamu, kulimba, ndi kukonza kosalekeza kwa thupi ndi makono, anapanga chinenero chimene tsopano aliyense amatchula. Kuimitsa [1] Dinosadosidansi za O’Brien, mafupa owala kwambiri a Harryrylie, kulimba kwa Catmull, ndi mabolobolo otchuka a masiku ano ndi machaputala onse a nkhani yofanana.

Kuvomereza apainiya ameneŵa sikuchita zambiri kungowonjezera maina a makompyuta. Imapanga masinthidwe amakono a mzera wa anthu ovutika [1] Osungunulira zinthu amene anamvetsetsa kuti kupanga fungo la moyo choyamba kumafuna kumanga scaffoldus ndi neuralplanet synthesis , phunziro lalikulu limakhalabe losasintha: kasunthedwe kalikonse kaphindu kamayamba ndi mafupa.