Kupyola zaka mazana ambiri za nkhani zosimbidwa, ziŵerengero zochepa zakhala zokondweretsa monga momwe wotsutsa dala amachitira ndi mafotokozedwe athu okondedwa kwambiri a ubwino pamene akufunikirabe chifundo chathu. Anyamata ameneŵa amakhala m’nyengo ya madzulo a makhalidwe abwino, osavomereza kotheratu kuwonekera kwa ngwazi kapena mdima wa chiwembu. Kachitidwe kalikonse kamadzutsa mafunso osakondweretsa ponena za chabwino ndi choipa, kukakamiza omvetsera kuyang'ana m’mchenga pakati pa amene timayerekezera kukhala ndi amene tilidi. Kuchokera ku nthano zakale ku kunyadira wailesi yakanema, otsutsa adakalipo chifukwa chakuti amawunikira chikumbumtima chowonongeka cha anthu, kukana kutichititsa kukhazikika kaamba ka dziko lopekedwa ndi lakuda ndi lachiyera. Kufufuza kumeneku kupenda mizu, mwambo, matanthauzo, ndi kusokonezeka kwa makhalidwe a otsutsa otsutsa, otchuka kwambiri chifukwa chake timaswa malamulo ambiri.

Zimene Zinayambitsa Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Dziko la Thupi

Kale Walter White asanasinthe kalasi ya metal, anthu analimbana ndi otsutsa makhalidwe abwino amene anatsutsa kutchuka kwa makhalidwe. M'nkhani za Homeric, Achilles ang’onong'onong'amba m’hema wake pamene anzake akufa, mosonkhezeredwa ndi kunyada mmalo mwa kupereka nsembe. Tsoka lachigiriki linatipatsa Meda, mkazi amene amapha ana ake kuti abwezere, komabe amene ululu wake umamveka kwambiri kwakuti anthu akusweka pakati pa mantha ndi chisoni. Zithunzi zimenezi zinayamba kuyambitsa lingaliro lamakono la kutsutsa heliro, koma iwo anapanga kachitidwe kake: kachitidwe kamene kake kamachita kutsutsa chitaganya, komabe kalingaliri kosavuta kukana.

Liwulo linalandira ndalama pambuyo pake. Osuliza Baibulo kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula mabuku a mbiri yabwino a m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17 . Ntchito zonga “Lazarillo de Tormes . .Imene inaika mawu omveka ndi othawa pakati pa nkhani. Awa anali anthu amene anapulumuka mwamachenjera mmalo mwa kulimba mtima, amene malamulo awo a makhalidwe abwino anakonzedwa kotheratu. Pofika zaka za zana la 19, otsutsa hero anakhalapo ndi ntchito zosaoneka bwino monga Dostoevsky “Makalata a Dostoevsky kuchokera ku Munstercate, kumene narlator , kumene wosatchulidwa dzinayo anadzitsutsa kukhoza kwa oŵerenga. Mfundoyo inali kuyambitsidwa kwa zaka za zana la 19 kuti lingaliro la chivome.

Nkhondo za Dziko zinathetsa malingaliro otsala alionse onena za ubwino wachibadwa wa anthu, ndipo luso linavomereza mogwirizana. Mafilimu ndi mabuku a pambuyo pa nkhondo anayamba kudzaza dziko lawo ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe anasweka, kukanidwa, ndi kukhala enieni. Filimu ya ma 1940 ndi 1950 inali malo ochitira ziphuphu: apolisi amene analandira ziphuphu, okonda ziphuphu amene analinganiza kupha, ngwazi zimene zinapulumuka mwa kumira mu utsi wa shero amene anadzinenera kukhala akunyoza.

Kufotokoza Mtundu Wolimbana ndi Chiyeso: Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo

Ngakhale kuti otsutsa kuukira boma safuna kutengera khalidwe la munthu, akatswiri ndi ofufuza apeza kuti pali makhalidwe ambiri amene amasiyanitsa anthu ameneŵa ndi ngwazi zamwambo ndi anthu olakwika.

Chinsinsi chake ndicho kudzikondweretsa kwakukulu. Ngakhale pamene wotsutsa wochita ntchito imene imapindulitsa ena, chisonkhezero chake kaŵirikaŵiri chimasonkhezeredwa ndi kunyada, kupulumuka, kapena kuweruza kwaumwini kumene chitaganya sichingakuvomereze. Iwo angafune kutetezera wokondedwa, koma adzatentha dziko kuti achite zimenezo. Njira zawo kaŵirikaŵiri zimasokoneza mapangano a anthu, kuba, kuphana, koma samapanga dala; kachitidwe kalikonse kamagwirizanitsidwa kukhala kanzeru kaumwini kamene kangamveke bwino.

Chofanana ndi kulephera kuletsa kuukira kuli pulogalamu. Mosiyana ndi ngwazi yosatsutsika, anthu ameneŵa amatuluka m’miyambo ndi thupi. Amalephera, nthaŵi zina modabwitsa. Amamwerekera ndi kumwerekera, kusakhulupirika, ndi nthaŵi za mantha aakulu. Kulephera kumeneku kumapanga mlatho wa kudzidziŵikitsa; omvera amaona kufooka kwawo kosonyezedwa m’ziŵerengero zimenezi, ngakhale pamene kulakwako kuli kwakukulu. Makhalidwe a kutsutsana kwa makhalidwe abwino. Amagwirizanitsa njira zawo zonse zolimbana ndi “ang'onong'onong'onoang'ono a anthu, kwa “akulu opatukana. ” Chimene chimawachititsa kukana kulakwa kwa makhalidwe abwino.

Kukopa kwa Maganizo: Chifukwa Chake Timayambitsa Anthu Oipa

Kuzindikira mphamvu ya kutsutsa malingaliro athu kumafuna kutembenukira ku psychology. Kufufuza pa nkhani za kutomerana kumapereka lingaliro lakuti timapanga kugwirizana kwamphamvu ndi anthu amene amasonkhezera makhalidwe abwino chifukwa chakuti kuyesayesa kwanzeru kofunikira kugwirizanitsa zochita zawo zabwino ndi zoipa kumawonjezera kusungidwa kwathu kwa malingaliro. [[FLT: 0] Salchology Today kupenda kwa kutsutsana ndi kuukira kwa matenda a hero kumatchula kuti iwo amasonkhezera madera a ubongo omwe amaloŵetsedwa m’kusankha kwa moyo weniweni wa anthu, kutikakamiza ife kutsanzira kulungamitsidwa kwa khalidwe limene tingatsutse.

Maziko a chiphunzitso cha makhalidwe abwino amapereka kabuku kena. Anthu amene amalemba pamwamba pa chisamaliro ndi chilungamo, m'nthanthi, ayenera kukana mwachindunji kutsutsa kuukira kwa oukira. Komabe kufufuza kwapeza kuti pamene zolakwa za munthu wina zaikidwa monga mayankhidwe a kupanda chilungamo kwa dongosolo kapena kutayikiridwa kwakukulu, ziweruzo za makhalidwe abwino zasintha. Amayamba kuona kuti otsutsa dala osati ngati wochita zinthu molakwika, monga woopsa, wamakhalidwe abwino. Zimenezi ndi chinthu chodziŵika monga [[FLT: 0], cholembedwa m'nkhani zotsutsana ndi zotsutsa za makhalidwe abwino. [FLT]

Ndiponso, kutsutsa mpatuko kumachita ntchito yosasintha. M'dziko limene nthaŵi zambiri limafuna ungwiro wa makhalidwe abwino, kuwona munthu wina akulakwa mozizwitsa kutulutsa maganizo. Tingaone kuti timafuna kubwezera, mphamvu, kapena ufulu popanda zotsatira zenizeni za dziko. Olimbana ndi matendawo amakhala chotengera chathu chimene sitiyenera kuvomereza, ndipo ubale wachinsinsi ngwoletsa. Simwangozi kuti anthu ambiri otsutsa asodola asanduka mafano a chikhalidwe chawo: iwo amangonena mokweza zimene timanong’ona m’maganizo athu.

Zinyama Zoteteza Kutchire ndi Zokopa

Mbadwo Wosangalatsa wa Pawailesi yakanema wa Makhalidwe Ovuta

Palibe katswiri amene adalandira wailesi yakanema yotsutsa kansa ndi mphamvu yaikulu kuposa 21 yapakati. “Kuwawa Bad” kudakali kufufuza kwachifatse. Walter White akuyamba monga womvera chisoni . Mphunzitsi wapakati womangidwa ndi kansa yosachiritsika ndi banja limene sangachirikize. Komabe kusandulika kwake sikuli kutsika kwa mphamvu; ndiko kuchotsa mopambanitsa bodza lakuti anali wabwino. Monga momwe wosuliza Emily Nusbaum anadziŵikidwira mu New Yorker renavision . [FLT:], wa White, akutipatsa nzeru m’kupangitsa kupeputsa kwake, kwakuti iye mongadi akuwopseza kapena kupha mwana, iye akuyembekezerabe kuthaŵa, iye woyembekezerabedwa ndi imfa.

“ Sopranos” analongosolanso bwino lomwe zimene zingachitike. Tony Soprano wakupha popanda kukayikira, amabera mkazi wake, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anzake apamtima, komabe mpambo wa masewerawo umamsonkhezera kwambiri kudera nkhaŵa ndi kukhumba chikondi kuti chiweruzocho chikhale pafupi ndi mfundoyi. Chilengedwe cha David Chase chinakakamiza openyerera kukhala osazindikira ndi chilombo, ndipo pochita zimenezo, chinayala mapulani a masewero olimbana ndi ahero amene anatsatirapo [1] “Mad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kulimbana ndi Zilombo ndi Moyo Wamkati

Mabuku akhala malo ofufuzirapo kwa nthaŵi yaitali kuti afufuze za kumanga kwa mkati kwa maluso ovuta kusiyanitsa. Chikalata cha Dostoevsky mu “Crime ndi Chilango” chimachita mbanda ya nthanthi, chitsimikiziro kuti anthu apadera ngosatsatira makhalidwe ozoloŵereka. Komabe, kulephera kwake kwa maganizo, kumafooketsa chiphunzitso chake, kupangitsa buku lofufuza mowononga lakudzitukumula kwa nzeru ndi chikumbumtima cha munthu. Mofananamo, Patricia Highsmith’s Tom Ripley ndi wokongola, wokonda, ndi wosamvera chisoni, amene amatipempha kuyamikira nzeru zake ngakhale pamene iye akukhala ndi moyo, kutikakamiza ife kuyang'anizana ndi kufunitsitsa kwathu kutinyengedwa ndi chilengero chapamwamba chapamwamba.

Malamulo Ophwanya Makhalidwe Osaiwalika a Filimu

Kuchokera ku Travis Bickle mu “Taxi Driver,” mwamuna amene kusungulumwa kwake kumasintha kukhala mchitidwe wachiwawa, Joker m'zochitika zaposachedwapa [1] Chithunzi chinasinthidwa kuchokera ku cholakwa cha mabuku a masewero kukhala chizindikiro cha kunyalanyaza kwa anthu. Cinema wawononga malire pakati pa ngwazi ndi chilombo. Ridley Scott yemwe anali katswiri wa Roy Batty mu “Blade Runner". Akupha mwambanda koma akupulumutsa limodzi la mafilimu oopsa kwambiri osinkhasinkha za imfa, akutsimikizira kuti ngakhale zochita zowononga kwambiri zingagwirizane ndi anthu ambiri.

Malo a Operewera Amakhalidwe: Kucholoŵana Kovuta ndi Zovuta Zosadziŵika

Asilikali otsutsa amapeza mphamvu zawo ku makhalidwe amene amapanga m'malo a mayenje. Nkhani za akatswiri a maphunziro zimagamula bwino: kuipa kumagonjetsedwa, dongosolo limabwezeretsedwa. Nkhani ya otsutsa heli imakana kutsekedwa. Zotulukapo zimawonekera kunja kosanenedweratu; kuyesa kuwongolera cholakwa chimodzi kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambitsa ngongole zatsopano ndi zowopsa.

Chongani kachipangizo kodziwombolera, kankhani koyambirira kofotokoza nkhani yotsutsa kulakwa. Monga Jaime Lannister mu “Galu la Thrones” ulendo kuchokera ku machitidwe oipa . Kutulutsa mwana pawindo . Kupereka ulemu wodziwonetsera. Komabe nkhaniyo siimammasula kotheratu; mbiri yake yakale imakhalabe ndi chipsera pa ntchito iliyonse yabwino. Kukana kupereka dipo loyera la moyo wa munthu, kumene kusintha kwa makhalidwe, kaŵirikaŵiri kumasintha, ndipo kumachotsa mavuto amene achitika. Audience imasiyidwa kuti isankhe yoona ngati khalidwe lake lasintha mokwanira, chiweruzo chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimavumbula ponena za makhalidwe abwino a woonerera monga mmene amachitira wopenyerera mwiniyo.

Kulimbana kwa mkati ndiko kuchititsa kusadziletsa kwa makhalidwe. Kulimbana ndi dala kuli malo a zikhumbo zopikisana: kulakalaka kukondedwa ndi kukakamizika kulamulira, njala ya chilungamo ndi kukopa kwa nkhanza, kukopana ndi kukopa kwa chipwirikiti. Kulimbana kumeneku kumaletsa munthu kukhala wongopeka ndipo mmalo mwa kuchititsa kuti aphunzire za kusakhazikika kwa munthu. Kulimba kwa nkhani kumakhudza ntchito zathu zazikulu koposa, kuchititsa kusinkhasinkha pa mafunso onga akuti: Kodi pali zotsatira zabwino zochitira zinthu zoipa? Kodi chikondi chingakhaleko popanda makhalidwe abwino? Kodi luntha ndi kumvetsetsa kumayamba liti?

Kusintha kwa Zikhalidwe ndi Kukula kwa Anti - Hero m’Zaka za Zana la 21

Kufalikira kwa otsutsa sikunachitike popanda kanthu; kunasonkhezeredwa ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe. Kukayikira kwamakono kwa mabungwe ndi anthu aulamuliro kunawononga chikhulupiriro cha kutchuka kwa mwambo . Mbadwo woleredwa pa maupandu . ndale zadziko, kampani, chipembedzo, kumakhala kovuta kukhulupirira kwa opulumutsa opanda banga. Otsutsawo anakhala chisonyezero cha kugwiritsidwa mwala kumeneku, munthu amene amapambana mosasamala kanthu za chiphuphu koma chifukwa cha kusuliza kumene kumawona kukhala kowona mtima kwambiri kuposa mpulumutsi ndi wotchuka aliyense.

Kudzaza ndi kutchuka kwa mawailesi akanema kunawonjezeranso chikhoterero. Omasuka ku zitsenderezo za kusanthula kwa mapulogalamu ndi njira za episodic, olemba angapange maphunziro a makhalidwe a anthu omwe anafufuza kunyonyotsoka kwapang'onopang'onopang'kumodzi ndi kulondola kwa zinthu. Makonzedwe otsatizanawo anapatsa omvera nthaŵi ya kugwirizana ndi oimba asanatuluke, kupangitsa kutayikiridwa kwa makhalidwe abwino kudzimva ngati chilonda chaumwini. Kusintha kwa kampani imeneyi kukhoza kuchititsa mayeso onga “Kumtcha Saulo kwabwino Koposa kwa Chikhalidwe, malo awo oimira ndi olimbana ndi a zamakhalidwe abwino kukhala odziŵika monga banja.

Alendo achichepere, omwe akuyang'anizana ndi kusakhazikika kwa chuma ndi mavuto a dziko lonse, kaŵirikaŵiri amavomereza kwa otsutsa ntchito yaudindo yaukapolo yosasamala chifukwa cha chinachake chodzisungira ndi kudzisungira. Otsutsa ophwanya malamulo kuti apulumuke m'dongosolo lopinga akusonyeza nkhaŵa zenizeni za moyo ponena za chilungamo ndi mwaŵi, kupangitsa zolakwa zawo kudzimva ngati mtundu wa chipanduko mmalo mwa kulakwa.

Kusuliza ndi Kulephera: Kuopsa kwa Kuchititsa Chiwerewere Kuoneka Ngati Choipa

Pankhani zawo zonse za kukhala ndi mbiri yotchuka, otsutsa ndi otsutsa amabweretsa maupandu a makhalidwe amene osalephera kuzindikira. Nkhaŵa yosatha njakuti kuwonjezera pa maluso ameneŵa kungatheketse, ngakhale kukongola, khalidwe lovulaza. Pamene munthu wonga Walter White amatchuka monga chithunzi cha chikhalidwe, muyezo pakati pa kutomerana kotsutsa ndi kuyamikira zingasokonezeke, makamaka kwa achichepere kapena kwa okopeka. Njira zimene zimachititsa kuti kutsutsana ndi maluso a makhalidwe abwino kukhale kotsogola, malungo a mkati mwawo amatumikiranso monga maziko ophunzitsira kutsutsa chisembwere chenicheni cha dziko.

Palinso vuto la kusalinganiza kwa chithunzi. Kulimbana ndi hero kumakhalabe kodabwitsa, ndipo akazi amene amasonyeza kusokonezeka kwa makhalidwe kofananako, monga ngati Cerei Lannister kapena Villanelle, kaŵirikaŵiri amaonedwa kukhala achilendo mmalo mwa kuvuta, osoŵa chifundo chofanana ndi chawo chachimuna. Zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti anthu akuyembekezabe za kugonana ndi makhalidwe abwino, zikumatikumbutsa kuti apilo la otsutsa aro siligaŵidwanso.

Pomalizira, osuliza amanena kuti kudya nkhani zosasintha za makhalidwe kungalimbikitse kusuliza mmalo mwa chidziŵitso. Ngati ngwazi iriyonse yagaluzidwa, lingaliro lenilenilo la ubwino limakaikiridwa, ndipo omvetsera angadzipangire m’kuyesayesa kulikonse kwa makhalidwe abwino kukhala achinyengo. Vuto la osimba nkhanizo nlakugwiritsira ntchito kutsutsa mlingo wa kuukira osati monga chothetsera chenicheni koma monga chiŵiya chofunsira makhalidwe abwino.

Zimene Mikuyu Yolimbana ndi Magazi Imavumbula Ponena za Ife Eni

Kung'amba ndi mayankho osavuta, ankhondo olimbana ndi dala amatipempha kukhala osakhazikika ndi kupenda mapangidwe a chikumbumtima chathu. Makalata ameneŵa amatikumbutsa kuti makhalidwe abwino si chinthu chosasintha koma kukambirana kopitirizabe . Nthaŵi zambiri amapanga zosankha zosakwanira ndi zopikisana. Amatuluka m'nthaŵi za kuthyoka mphutsi, pamene zinthu zina zachikale zisweka ndipo anthu amatsala kuti agwirizane mfundo zawo zatanthauzo.

Machenjera oletsa kucholoŵana kwa makhalidwe abwino samayesa kupereka mapu a moyo; mmalo mwake, amaunikira kulephera kwawo. Mwa kuchitira umboni kulephera kwawo, kulungamitsa kwawo, ndi nthaŵi zawo zapadera za kukongola, timaphunzira kwambiri chinenero cha kucholoŵana kwa makhalidwe. Timaphunzira kuti wotchuka kwambiri wankhondo ya mpikisano amasunga mthunzi, ndipo munthu wochimwa kwambiriyo angagwire kuyera. Kuti chidziŵitso si chilolezo cha kulephera kwa makhalidwe abwino koma kupempha kuweruza ndi kudzichepetsa, ndi kuzindikira kuti mzera wapakati pa ngwazi ndi wolakwa umathamanga kupyola mumtima mwa munthu. Kuŵerenga zambiri ponena za mphamvu ya chikhalidwe ya kutsutsa , lingalirani za [FLD:] BBCC Cultures of a anti - RFFFF: [1] [FFFFOLY] kapena kukambitsirana kwa makhalidwe a PNUT]