Mawu akuti "Battle wa Titan" achititsa nkhondo ya zimphona . mphamvu zoopsa kwambiri kwakuti nkhondo yawo imasintha dziko. Komabe mbiri imasonyeza kuti madano osakaza kwambiri samachokera kwa adani akale, koma kwa anthu akale ogwirizana ndi kupambana limodzi ndipo kenaka kugawikana chifukwa cha kupambana, mantha, ndi kugawidwa molakwa. Kusintha kwa kugwirizana kwa anzawo kukhala adani oopsa ndi sewero lobwerezabwerezabwereza m'ma geomentipitics, losonkhezeredwa ndi zitsenderezo za anthu. Nkhaniyi imatsutsa kusweka kwa zinthu, kuyang'ana mmene kukhulupirirana, kupikisana, ndi zolinga zotchuka zinazikira kulowa m'kangano wotsegunda. Kupyo, tidzapendanso maphunziro a mbiri yakale, tipenda kugwirizanitsa kugwirizana ndi kusweka kwa maphunziro ogwirizana kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri lerolino.

Maziko Ochititsa Chidwi a Magwirizano

Alliance ndi maukwati ongofuna kusangalatsa. Amagwiritsa ntchito mayiko pamene akulimbana ndi chiwopsezo cha anthu ambiri . . Wasayansi, mphamvu ya dziko, kapena vuto lokhalako. Mapangano amene anagonjetsa Napoleon, mwachitsanzo, anamanga Russia, Russia wotchuka, Austria, ndi Briteni womasuka malinga ngati mfumu ya Corsican inakhalabe yoopsa. Mofananamo, Grand Alliance of World War II inagwirizanitsa chikapitolizimu ndi Soviet Union kuti ithetse Jeremani Germany ya Nazi. Mapanganowa anali ogulitsana, osati mfundo zapamwamba, kusungunuka kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kungodikira kuti aopseze.

Kupambana kodabwitsa kwa mapangano ovuta kusiyanitsa. Mpikisano wa zachuma, zolinga za malo, ndi malingaliro otsutsana a dziko zikupitirizabe ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 5 Thucydides anawona kuti kufalikira kwa ulamuliro wa Atene ndi mantha amene kunayambika ku Sparta zinachititsa kuti Nkhondo ya Peloponnesia isapeŵeke. Koma Athens ndi Sparta adagwirizana posachedwapa kuletsa kuukira kwa Perisiya.

Zonulirapo za nkhondo za kanthaŵi kamodzi kaŵirikaŵiri zimalemba pa mipatuko yakuya ya zandale. Magulu angagwirizanitsa magulu a gulu pamene akuwononga mobisa chisonkhezero cha wina ndi mnzake pambuyo pa nkhondo. Nzeru zikhoza kugawiridwa ndi kukayikira; kugawana chuma kumakhala seŵero la zero-sum . Pamene mdani wamba akufooka, opambanawo amayamba kuyesa, kuŵerengera kulinganiza kwa mphamvu zimene zidzatuluka. Chigwirizanocho, kuchotsedwa kwa chifuno chake chogwirizanitsa, kuima mpikisano.

Mbewu za Kukana: Chiphunzitso cha Zachuma, ndi Kufuna Kutchuka

Kulekana kwa Maganizo

Madongosolo a ndale zadziko ndi zigwirizano zimawononga mgwirizano wa anthu m'kupita kwa nthaŵi. Mademokrase aufulu a Western Europe ndi ulamuliro wa authoritarian Soviet adagwirizana mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, koma pamene nkhondo inatha, mpata wa malingaliro unakhala wosatseguka. Lonjezo la Atlantic Charter la kudziwononga lokha linatsutsana ndi masomphenya a Stalin a chisonkhezero cha ku Eastern Europe. Mawu a zaumulungu anatembenuza anthu akale akale kukhala adani pafupifupi usiku umodzi; "Iron Sictive" inatsika monga chotulukapo cha chochitika chimodzi, koma monga mawu anzeru a kuganiziratu a dziko limene linadulidwa.

Anthu a m’nyumba angayesedwe kuti azidana ndi munthu amene poyamba anali mnzake waluso kuposa munthu wakutali, makamaka chifukwa chakuti munthu amene wawaperekayo amamva kuti ndi wogwirizana kwambiri.

Mavuto a Zachuma

Kudalirana kwa chuma kungakhale lupanga lolimba kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, Ufumu wa Germany ndi Great Britain zinali zigwirizano zazikulu koposa za malonda, komabe mpikisano wa malonda wa misika, zinthu zopangidwa, ndi mphamvu za panyanja zinayambitsa udani. Pamene makampani a Germany adakula, Briteni anaona kuti kuopsa kwa ulamuliro wake wa zachuma. Mabungwe, mapolo a koloni, ndi mpikisano wa nkhondo zankhondo zinasintha chuma kukhala zopikisana. [FLT: 0] Sing’ai ya nkhondo za Anglo - Jerizimu imasonyeza mmene kuwopsa kwa zachuma kungayambitsire nkhondo, ngakhale popanda nkhondo yachindunji.

Mofananamo, pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II, dongosolo la Breton Woods ndi Marshall Plan linalinganizidwa panthaŵi imodzi kumanganso Yuropu ndi kukhala ndi chisonkhezero cha Soviet, kukhazikitsa khoma la zachuma pakati pa akapitawo ndi maiko a chikomyunizimu. Zilango za malonda, maempective a makompyuta, ndi kampani zinakhala zida, zikumaloŵa mmalo mwa kugwirizana kwa zaka zankhondo. Economic decoupling imapanga mfundo yakuti sikubwezeredwa.

Mavuto Ofuna Kupeza Zakudya Ndiponso Odziteteza Osaletsedwa

Vuto la chisungiko . Kumene kuyesayesa kwa dziko lina kupangitsa ena kudzimva osatetezereka . Mphamvu yomakwera ingalimbitse malire ake kapena kukulitsa nyanja zake zankhondo kaamba ka zifukwa zotetezera, koma anansi ake akuzimasulira kukhala zokonzekera nkhondo. M'zaka zapambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Dziko I, Schlieffen Plan inali kuyesayesa kwa Germany kuthetsa vuto lamphamvu ziŵiri, komabe inakakamiza France ndi Russia kulimbitsa mgwirizano wawo, potsirizira pake kuchititsa Ulaya kuloŵa m'mavuto. Chimene chinayamba monga kulinganiza kwanzeru kwa asilikali ena monga ngati mapulani olamulira.

Kufuna kudzaza mabomba a mphamvu kumasinthanso mgwirizano. Pamene Ufumu wa Ottoman unagwa, Russia ndi Austria-Hungary, modziŵika kukhala ogwirizana pansi pa League of the Empires E atatu, anayambitsa mpikisano wamphamvu wa chisonkhezero ku Balkan. Mpikisano wawo unakula kuchokera ku njira za madongosolo kufikira kusonkhanitsa kwa nkhondo, kutembenuza mabwenzi kukhala oyambitsa nkhondo ya dziko lonse. Akatswiri a ku International Encyclopedia of the First World War[FFFLT:1]

Njira Zochititsa Chidwi Zimene Zimawononga Chikhulupiriro Chanu

Nthaŵi zambiri zinthu zimene zasintha m’mbiri yakale zimangochitika mwadzidzidzi, koma zimangochitika chifukwa cha zinthu zimene anthu amagwirizana kuti ziphwanye zinthu.

Chinyengo ndi Chinyengo Chonyenga

Mapangano achinsinsi kapena amene amati ndi achinyengo, amasokoneza kwambiri. Mgwirizano wa boma wa 1939 unachititsa mantha pamene Hitler ndi Stalin, arabi, anavomereza kugawanitsa Poland. Kwa mademokrase a kumadzulo, kuoneka ngati kukana chitetezo cha onse. Ngakhale pambuyo pa panganolo litatha pamene Germany anaukira USSR, kukayikira kunapitirirabe; Stalin sanakhulupirire kotheratu anzake a Kumadzulo, anatsimikiza kuti akakhala pamtendere ndi Hitler.

M'zaka mazana oyambirira, "Chipanduko cha Diplomatic" cha 1756" kumene Austria inasiya kugwirizana kwake kwa mwambo wa Britain ndi ku France [1] adasandutsa mabwenzi ake akale kukhala adani m'Nkhondo Yazaka Zomwe. Kusintha kotero kumatsimikizira mmene kumamatirana kulilidi kopanda pake.

Asilikali Ogwirizana ndi Nkhondo

Pamene magulu ogwirizana akugwira ntchito m'bwalo limodzi, kukangana pa lamulo, chuma, ndi chilolezo kaamba ka zilakiko zingayambitse mikangano. Mkati mwa mkupiti wa Nkhondo Yadziko II ya Italy, akazembe ankhondo a ku Amereka ndi Briteni anatsutsa mwamphamvu pa chenjera, ndi mbali inayo kutsutsa kulondola zikondwerero za mtunduwo mwakuwononga mgwirizano. Mikangano imeneyi, ngakhale kuti inalipo, inasonyeza mmene kugwirizana kwankhondo kungawonjezetsere mmalo mwa kuwongolera kugwirizana.

Nkhondo zapampando wapamwamba zimakhala chida choyanjidwa ndi adani omwe samenyana mwachindunji koma akufunafunabe kufooketsana. ku Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, ndi nkhondo zina za Mawu, maulamuliro amphamvu koposa okhala ndi zida za m’maderawo, kupangitsa mikangano ya m’maderawo kukhala mipikisano yamphamvu. Nkhondo iliyonse yapapepala lapapepala lapamwamba inachititsa kuti nkhondoyo ikhale yomenyana kwambiri, ndipo inachititsa kuti m’tsogolo musakhale mgwirizano wa m’tsogolo.

Nkhondo Zofalitsa Mabodza ndi Nkhondo Yofalitsa Nkhani

Kukhulupirirana kukawonongeka, nkhani ziloŵa mmalo mwa mfundo. Masitepe a wailesi a ku Ulaya, ndi ku Soviet Union amasintha maganizo a anthu. Nyengo yapambuyo pa chaka cha1945 inakhala ndi United States ndi Soviet Union kumanga zinthu zonse zachilengedwe kuti zichotse . Radio Free Europe, Voice of America, ndi mabungwe a ku Soviet adamenya nkhondo ya mawu amene anapangitsa kuti mawu ena akhale oipa kwambiri. Mawu a "dziko lomasuka" likulimbana ndi "mitundu ya nkhondo" yosatheka kuisintha. Anthu akangotsimikiza kuti ayamba kukhala adani akupha, atsogoleri amapeza kuti nkhondoyo ndi mtengo wa zandale kuti alondole dziko lapansi.

Kulimbana Kunayamba Bwino

Kusintha kuchoka paudani kupita pa mnzake n’kosachitika n’kokha.

Kunyalanyaza Chosankha cha Mdaniyo

Atsogoleri akukhulupirira kuti mnzawoyo adzabwerera potsutsidwa posachedwapa. Mu 1914, Germany anakhulupirira kuti Britain, mnzake wake wamalonda ndi mnzake wautsamunda, sakakhala pauchete pa nkhondo ya dziko. Kulakwa kumeneku kunali koopsa. Kulephera kofananaku kunachitika pamene Argentina analoŵa m'madera a Falklands mu 1982, akumaganiza kuti United Kingdom [1]Vece inali yogwirizana pa nkhondo ya Mawu. Kuyankha kwamphamvu kunasintha mkangano wa mayiko a ku London kukhala nkhondo ya kuphulitsa mfuti, kutsendereza ubale pakati pa mayiko a kumadzulo koma pomalizira pake kulimbikitsa mfundo imene imafunikira kuteteza kwa nthaŵi zonse.

Kuseŵera Mopambanitsa Chikondwerero cha Dziko pa Ndalama za Kudzimana

Chigwirizano cha anthu osafuna kutchuka chikhoza kusokoneza mgwirizano. Pamene France anachoka pa lamulo la nkhondo la NATO mu 1966, chinadabwitsa mgwirizano wa Kumadzulo, osati chifukwa chakuti France anakhala mdani, koma chifukwa chakuti mtsogoleri wogwirizana anasankha kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wachifumu mwanjira imene inatanthauza kusakhulupirirana. Pamene kuli kwakuti mpikisanowo unatsala, chochitikacho chinasonyeza mmene kuŵerengera kwa ndale zadziko kungagonjetsere chisungiko cha onse. Kuyambirira kuvomereza phindu la dziko pa ndandanda ya mgwirizano wa maikowo kuposa zizindikiro za kugwirizana kwa ena kuti kugwirizanako kuli koyenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito.

Chiyambukiro Chopanda Chilungamo cha Kusokonezeka

Mapangano a Alliance angasonkhezere mayiko kuti alowe m'mikangano imene sanafunepo, kuyambitsa mapangano atsopano. Dongosolo lovuta la mapangano ogwirizana asanafike pa WWI linatanthauza kuti vuto la Balkan linakula nkukhala nkhondo ya dziko chifukwa chakuti chipani chilichonse chinasunga mapangano ake. Ngakhale pamene mkangano woyamba unali wothandiza kwambiri. Njira yomweyi yotetezera mtendere mmalo mwake inayambitsa mkangano: Russia, Germany anachirikiza Austria, France anachirikiza Russia, ndipo kenako Britain analoŵa m'manja mwa Germany. Ogwirizanawo anakhala adani a chikhalire.

Utsogoleri ndi Kupikisana

Atsogoleri a ziwanda angaletse mantha ndi chikhumbo cha kusonkhezera maiko awo kuchoka pa kugwirizana kufika pa mkangano.

Napoleon III analakwa ponena za Prussia ndipo anasintha nkhondo yautsamunda yotha kuyang'anizana ndi boma kukhala Nkhondo ya Francos. Zaka makumi angapo kumbuyoku, Napoleon Bonaparte iyemwini adasonyeza mmene umunthu umodzi wotchuka ukanagwirizanitsira ndi iye, komanso mmene mabwenzi ake akalewo "monga Tsar Alexander I . . Kungakhalenso adani awo owopsa pambuyo pa pangano la Tilsit adatha. Mofananamo, udani waukulu pakati pa John F. Kennedy ndi Nikita Khrushchev mkati mwa Cuban Missile Crisiss, anathirira dziko lonse ku nkhondo ya nyukliya, koma unalinso mphamvu yawo yomalizira kaamba ka kukambitsirana komwe kunachokera kumbuyo kwa chiganitso cha nkhondo. Gulu la Akulu angafulumize kapena kumangidwa kwa nthaŵi yochepa.

Mawu osokoneza maganizo amakulitsa chidani. Mawu a Chiphunzitso cha Truman a 1947 , amene anaumba dziko kukhala nkhondo pakati pa ufulu ndi chikomyunizimu, analimbitsa maganizo a bipolar. Ngakhale kuti motsimikizirika anatsimikizira kusanthula kwenikweni, iyo inajambula mzera wolimba umene unakakamiza mabwenzi akale kusankha mbali, kutembenuza mabwenzi ozengereza kukhala adani odzigangira.

Mphepo Yogwa Pansi Kuloŵa Mkangano Wowonekera: Kufufuza za Maseŵero

Nkhondo ya Peloponnesian: Kuchokera ku Umodzi wa Agiriki Kufika ku Mpikisano wa Spartan ndi Athenian

Delian League, poyamba chigwirizano chotetezera ndi Perisiya, chinakhala ufumu wa Atene. Sparta, mtsogoleri wankhondo wodziŵika mkati mwa Nkhondo za Perisiya, anawona Atene akukula kukhala wamphamvu, kumanga makoma Andeng ndi kulamulira Aegean. Zochitika zambiri . Chorcyra, Potidaea , Potrajuda Thucydides adatcha "chimakete wa Atene ndi mantha ochititsidwa ndi zimenezi ku Sparta. Amene anamenyana ndi kumbali ina ku Plataeaea ndi Salamis tsopano anaphana pa nkhondo yosakaza. [FLT:]

Nkhondo Yadziko I: Kuchokera ku Mgwirizano Wautali Kufikira ku Adani

Italy, ngakhale kuti adalemba za Triple Alliance ndi Germany ndi Austria-Hungary, adalengeza uchete mu 1914 ndipo potsirizira pake anagwirizana ndi maulamuliro a Entente mu 1915. Kusweka kwa zinthu kunakwanira: kugwirizana kolinganizidwira kusungitsa bata ndi dziko la Italy pamene inaŵerengera kuti zofuna zake zinali ndi adani ake akale. Kupanduka kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti ngakhale mapangano alamulo amawonongeka pamene dziko la London linalonjeza kuti dziko la Italy lidzalandira chuma ku Austria ndi Hungry .

Nkhondo ya Mawu: Kuchokera ku Nkhondo Yam’tsogolo Kufikira ku Kuukira Nyukiliya

Grand Alliance yotsutsana ndi Hitler inagwa mkati mwa zaka ziŵiri za Tsiku la V-E. Kutsutsa pa Poland, kugaŵana kwa Germany, ndi mtundu wa kumanganso pambuyo pa nkhondo zinavumbula masomphenya osasinthika a Soviet Union ndi West. Berlin Blottade, kupangidwa kwa NATO, ndi bomba la atomu la Soviet linasintha kugwirizana kukhala nkhondo ya zero-sum kuti ikhale chisonkhezero cha dziko lonse. Komabe, makamaka, nkhondo yachindunji inapeŵedwa; kulimbanako kunakhalabe ndi kulingana kowopsa kwa ulamuliro. Nkhondo ya Mawu a Berlin imavumbula kuti nkhondo ya Nato ikhoza kupitirizabe kwa zaka makumi ambiri popanda kuwonjezereka kwa nkhondo yokwanira ngati njira zokhazikitsa zinthu zamphamvu zikugwira ntchito.

Zotsatirapo za Kutha kwa Mabanja

Pamene mabwenzi ayamba kupikisana, dongosolo la mitundu yonse lisintha mphamvu zimene zimasintha kwa mibadwo yambiri.

  • Mapu ya Geo Antipal: Anzake akale anajambula mabungwe a chisonkhezero, nthaŵi zina kugaŵidwa kwa makontinenti onse. Post-WWII Yuropu inagawanidwa ndi Chitsulo Chachitsulo, kupanga magulu aŵiri otsutsana omwe analamulira zochitika za dziko lonse.
  • Arms Races and Resource Drain: Kusintha kuchoka ku kugwirizana kupita ku mpikisano kumachotsa chuma chambiri ku kuthera nkhondo. Mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya pakati pa USSR ndi USSR unawonongetsa mamiliyoni zikwizikwi ndipo unayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikhalire cha chiwonongeko, ngakhale kuti aŵiriwo anachokera ku mgwirizano wankhondo.
  • Nkhondo za Thupi ndi Nkhondo Zotsatizana: [1] Sikupikisana kulikonse kumathera m’chilakiko chowonekera. Kuvunda kochuluka kwa kutsata zibwenzi, ndi nkhondo zakumaloko zokhala ngati nkhondo. Korea idakali yogawikana, Taiwan, ndi nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni ya Aramu inakhala malo omenyera nkhondo yapansi a anthu akale.
  • Maunansi onga Chigwirizano cha Mitundu analephera mwapang'ono chifukwa chakuti kale ogwirizanawo sanakhoze kuchirikiza malamulo ogwirizanika. Mabungwe a projekiti, monga United Nations, adalinganizidwa kuyang'anira mapikisano aakulu a mphamvu, koma dongosolo laveto limavumbula kusadalirana kopitirizabe.

Kulimbana kumalimbikitsa kufufuza za m’mlengalenga, kupita patsogolo kwa luso la zopangapanga, ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe monga momwe mbali iliyonse inkafunira.

Zovuta Zamakono: Kuletsa Kunyonyotsoka Kutsatira

Malo a dziko lonse lerolino , ndi kugwirizana kosinthasintha kwa mayanjano a Indo-Pacific , NATO , ndi kukwera kwa akanema osakhala a boma . kumasintha kumvetsetsa kowonekera kwa mmene mgwirizano umathera. United States ndi China, mwachitsanzo, n’zogwirizana kwambiri koma zikumawonana mowonjezereka monga opikisana ndi ogwirizana. Kusinthana kwawo kwa mzera wa mbiri yakale: chuma, kusiyana kwa maganizo, ndi kujambula zankhondo. [[FLT: 0] Counil pa Revolution tirence [1]

Kulingalira kungaimitse kutsatsa speed . Kugwirizana kwa mapangano a nthaŵi zonse, kumanga chidaliro, ndi kulekanitsa chuma ndi mikangano ya chisungiko kungachepetse upandu wa kusokonezeka kwa nkhondo ya Mawu potsirizira pake, yotheketsedwa ndi kuletsa zida ndi macheza, imasonyeza kuti mikangano siisintha. Kumvetsetsa kusweka kwa mbiri ndiko sitepe loyamba lakukhazikitsa maunansi olimba amene amatsutsa mantha ndi kutengeka maganizo.

Kumaliza

Kusintha kuchoka kwa mabwenzi kupita ku mayanjano sikumasweka mwadzidzidzi koma njira yosonkhezeredwa ndi zidandaulo zounjikana, kusagwirizana kwa mabwalo, ndi kusankha kwa anthu. Kuchokera ku Athens ndi Sparta kupita ku maiko amphamvu koposa a Nkhondo Yoputana, njirayi imabwerezabwereza: chipambano chimodzi chimayambitsa zolinga zofanana; malingaliro ndi kutha kwa chuma; chidaliro chimawonongeka mwa kuperekedwa ndi kulephera kwa zinthu; ndipo kuopsa kochepa kwambiri kumayambitsa moto wakuphana. Nkhondo ya Titan [1] Mantha kapena kutengedwa ku nkhondo zazikulu za m'mbiri imayambitsa kuti malingala olimba pakati pa mitundu kaŵirikaŵiri amamangidwa kuchokera ku ziwopsezo zowonongeka. Kupeŵa tsoka zamtsogolo, atsogoleri ayenera kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira, kutsutsa chiyeso cha kuganiza kwa zero, ndi kulimbikitsa zipani zimene zimasunga mabwenzi awo kukhala adani ofa.