M’nkhani yosimba za zinthu zachilengedwe zodzaza ndi misonkhano yotchuka, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya wolemba si kungopanga anthu otchuka, koma kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga zithunzi zimene zimaoneka ngati kuti zinalipo kale tsamba loyamba lisanathe ndipo zipitirirabe. Archetypes — njira zozama za makhalidwe abwino — zimapereka mphamvu yamphamvu, komanso zimaikanso pangozi yochepetsa kusonkhanitsa zithunzi zooneka bwino. Ulendo wochokera ku chithunzi choyambirira kupempha kuti chikhale ndi luso la dala, umene umafuna kuti likhale lozoloŵere m’njira inayake yapadera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane, ikufotokoza bwino za anthu amene amakulakula, ngakhale m’njira yodalira kwambiri mapulogalamu awo.

Zimene Zimachitikira Anthu Akamalemba Nkhani

Malembo aukatswiri saali otchuka. Iwo ali zitsanzo za maziko a makhalidwe a anthu ndi zolinga zimene zimawonekera m'mafuko ndi zaka mazana. Wofufuza zamaganizo wa ku Switzerland Carl Jung choyamba anatulukira manambala onga Hero, Mthunzi, ndi Munthu Wanzeru Wokhala Akutuluka kuchokera kwa gulu la anthu osazindikira. M’mawu omveka kwa olemba, njira zimenezi zimayankha mafunso ofunika: Ndani amatsogolera? Ndani amatsutsa? Kodi Hero amatsutsa? Mentor akupereka nzeru; Mthunzi akuwopseza; Trickster akusokoneza. Kuzindikira ntchito zimenezi kuthandiza wolemba nkhani yofunika, koma amadalira pa nkhanizo.

Chochititsa kuti ardetype imveke bwino si kuzoloŵera kwake koma kusinthika kwake. Mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo cha Wokonda chikhoza kuonekera monga kholo lodzipereka, lodziwononga lokha, kapena nkhondo yosinthasintha zinthu kuti apeze chinthu chabwino. Olemba nkhani opambana amamvetsa kuti masamu apamwamba saali malo ake; iwo akuyambitsa mfundo.

Pamene Zoumba Zikhala Zokopa

Mthunzi wa mapikicha ndi cliché. Cliché ndi njira imene imathandiza imene inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Wosankhidwa amene apeza mphamvu zobisika patsamba 10, wapolisi wotchi yotchingidwa ndi piringupiriti wakuda wokhala ndi mbiri yoopsa ndi vuto la whiskey, chikondwerero chimene chilipo kuti apulumutsidwe — izi si zojambula zolembedwa koma zopeka zawo zopeka. Mzera pakati pa archetype ndi cliché umafotokozedwa ndi kutchula mwachindunji. Mentor amene amangopereka uphungu wopeka ndi wotsatira ndipo kenaka kupyola pa Act II ndi ntchito yachiweru. Mentor amene waleka ntchitoyo amene amaphunzitsa protackiption kupyola mwa manda ake chifukwa chakuti amaiŵala za m'masiye kuikumbukira.

Kuti tipeze yankho, wolemba ayenera kufunsa funso lililonse lokhudza mmene munthu amakhalira ndi khalidwe lake m’malo moyankha kuti: Bwanji ngati mdima wa mthunziwo unayamba chifukwa cha chikondi cholakwika?

Kumanga Hero: Maziko a Chiyambi

Hero ardetype ndi yoposa zonse. Chochititsa chidwi cha Joseph Campbell, monga momwe lilili londandalitsa m'buku lake Hero wokhala ndi maso zikwi zambiri [[FLT 1:1], mapu a ulendo wa kunyamuka, kuyambika, ndi kubwerera. Komabe mapepala amodzi ndi mapu, osati chipinda chapadera. Kutembenuza Hero kukhala munthu wapadera, kuyambitsidwa ndi kuchotsa mbali iliyonse. M’malo mwa kufuula kwamphamvu kwa lonjeza, tayerekezerani kufuula kumene kumamveka ngati kusokonezedwa — ma-email amene amavumbula chinsinsi chachikulu kwambiri, kukakamiza wosunga ndalamayo kuloŵa m'dziko la kampani. Kukanako kuli kufuula kwachidule, koma ngati theka la kukana kwa kuwona kwanthaŵi zonse chifukwa cha kuwona?

Chifuno cha Hero chakunja (letsa wolakwayo, kupambana mpikisano) chiyenera kukhala chisonyezero cha kusoŵa kwa mkati. Wamphamvu amene amalimbana ndi boma loipa koma iye mwiniyo ali womwerekera ndi ulamuliro pa banja lake amayambitsa chidani chowopsa. Kutsimikizirika panthaŵi iriyonse — chakudya chimene amachikhumba, njira imene amapinda pepala pamene ali ndi nkhaŵa, kunama kwake kwinakwake kumadzinenera — kuchotsa pa chithunzithunzi cha m’mutu ndi kuvumbula munthu pansi pake.

Kusintha Madeti a Kachipangizo Kopanga Zinthu Zapadera

Kusintha kumayamba ndi kuzindikira kuti munthu saali mpambo wa mikhalidwe koma chiŵalo cha maganizo chogwirizana chopangidwa ndi mbiri, physiology, ndi zochitika za m’chitaganya. Gwiritsani ntchito miyalo yotsatirayi kukulitsa kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa madeti.

Chiyambi Chake, Osati Kupatutsa

M’mbuyomu mumakhala msilikali wokongola kwambiri ndipo ankatha kulira ndi mawu a galimoto. Mfundo imene imaonekera m’nkhaniyi siitanthauza kuti munthu akakhala ndi mbiri ya munthuyo ndi wopukusa. Msilikali amene anali msilikali wokongola kwambiri angaimbe nkhonya pomva mawu a galimoto yonyamula galimoto, mfundo imene imaonekera m’malo mwake, safotokoza. Omverawo amapereka chifukwa chake: Mtsogoleri wa Trickster amene amasunga chakudya chifukwa cha njala ya ubwana, Hero amene amaŵerengera ndalama zake chifukwa cha kutayikiridwa kwake ndi zonse. Maluso a m'mbuyo kwambiri ndi aja amene amasonyeza kuti abulu wonse wamadzi ukuvumbula nsonga. Omvetserawo amatchula zakuya osati kuuzidwa za icho. Kufufuza mozama kwa kumbuyo kwa kuzungulira, monga [FLD [F]

Zoipa, Mphamvu, ndi Zopinga

Munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu yokha ndi yosasangalatsa; amene ali ndi vuto longowononga n’zoopsa. Kudalirana ndi zonse ziŵiri n’kumene kumachokera mabodza. Mphamvu yaikulu ya Hero — kuona mtima kosagwedezeka — ingakhale khalidwe limene limasokoneza anzake. Kukhoza kwa Shadow kwa njira zankhanza kungakhale chinthu chokha chimene chimapulumutsa chitaganya chimene akufuna kuwononga. Kuchita ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndiko kulemba mpambo wa mphamvu zisanu ndiyeno kwa aliyense, kumakhala ndi cholakwika chimene chikukanikizidwa ndi mphamvuyo pansi pa kupsinjika. Kulimba mtima kumakhala kuloŵerera; kufunitsitsa kuukira; mikhalidwe yofanana imakhala yolimba koma ya umunthu wocholoŵa m’mbali imene imakana kukhala ndi ndandanda waluso kwambiri.

Kupanga Mawu ndi Kukopana

Mawu ndi chida cha m’manja cha munthu. Akhoza kulankhula mwa miyambi imene ili yolondola. Nkhanizi siziyenera kungoyambitsa chabe chida, koma ziyenera kuvumbula maganizo apadera. Mannerism amalambula izi: Hero amene nthawi zonse amakhudza chitseko asanaloŵe, Mthunzi umene umaonetsa kuti ukumva mawu akakhala ndi mantha.

Maunansi Amphamvu Amene Amavumbula Mawonekedwe Obisika

Palibe khalidwe limene lilipo paokha. Mayanjano ndi akalirole. Hero angakhale wovuta ndi anthu otsika, wogonjera kwa kholo, ndi wofeŵa wosayembekezereka ndi nyama yosochera. Kugwirizanitsa kulikonse kumakokera mbali ina ya umunthu. Kuwonetsani munthu amene kukhalapo kwake kumachititsa Mentor kudzimva wopusa, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mtsogoleri wanzeruyo avumbula kusatetezeka kwakukulu. Kugwirizanitsa Trickster ndi munthu wina ngakhale wosokonezeka kwambiri, ndipo Trickster imakhala mawu anzeru. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumasonyeza kutsutsana kwa zinthu ndi kuvumbula kutsutsana kumene kumachititsa zilembo kudzimva kukhala zowona.

Zitsanzo za Kupanga Mabwinja m’Zoulutsira Nkhani Zotchuka

Kufufuza mabuku ofotokoza zinthu zimene zikuyenda bwino kumasonyeza kuti anthu amene ali ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu zimene zachitikazo saiwala.

  • Maseŵera a Njala amayamba monga wotetezera wongoyang'anira, koma nkhaniyo imavumbula pang'onopang’ono kuti iye alinso wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo andale amene amakana kukhala chizindikiro.
  • Mphwayi:[FLT :1] Mu Nkhondo za SS , Yoda poyambirira akufotokoza monga munthu wanzeru, koma nthabwala zake zakuya, mawu odabwitsa, ndi mphindi ya kufooka kwa chochitika chake chomaliza, zimasokoneza chitsanzo. Iye saali nzeru chabe; iye ndi munthu amene wakhala akutenga kulemera kwa nzeru imeneyo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.
  • Mthunzi : Darth Vader , kuyambira mwana wa kapolo mpaka Jedi ndi wophunzira wosweka amapatsa chithunzi choipitsitsa ndi tsoka. Suti yake si yongowopseza; ndi ndende yochirikiza moyo. Kuopsa kumene amatulutsa kumachokera ku kutaikiridwa kwakukulu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Trickster :[FLT :1] Loki kuchokera ku Chilengedwe Chodabwitsa Chisanja cha Chisawawa imagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti chipwirikiti chake sichichitika mwangozi. Chimachokera ku kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kukhala ndi munthu ndi kusadziŵa. Kusintha kwake kuli kwenikweni ndi kwamaganizo, munthu amene sakudziŵa kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa iyemwini.
  • Guardian : [[FLT :1] Hagrid mu Woumba Harry [[FLT: 3] ndi mlonda wa khomo amene sasunga chipata; amatsegula. Ukulu wake waukulu umasiyana ndi mkhalidwe wofatsa, wooneka bwino, wosokoneza chiyembekezo cha mlonda wowopsa.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti kuchokera ku chipwirikiti pakati pa ntchito yoyembekezeredwa ya archetype ndi mtundu wosadziŵika wa munthu. Kuwonjezera pa mafanizo otchuka m'nkhani zamakono, mawu aakulu olozera TV TY [ imalemba zonse ziŵiri zitsanzo ndi kutembenuzidwa kwake.

Mphamvu ya Kukangana kwa Pathupi ndi Kwapansi

Kulimbana ndiko chikhoterero chimene mtundu wa archealtype umasungunula ndi kukonzanso. Wolemba nkhani ayenera kupanga zitsenderezo zimene zili ponse paŵiri za mkhalidwe ndi zamaganizo.

Kulimbana kwa Mkati: Nkhondo Mkati

Nkhondo yapakati pa munthu si kukayikira chabe; si zoona kuti munthu sangathetse popanda kutaya chinthu china chofunika. Mtsogoleri amene amakhulupirira kwambiri chilungamo koma amakonda munthu amene ali ndi liwongo la upandu wakale amakhala ndi moyo wodzidalira nthaŵi zonse. Menta amene wataya chikhulupiriro pa chochititsa koma akupitiriza kutsogolera kuudindo amathandiza nzeru koma mkati mwake. Nkhondo zamkati zimenezi zimapanga zosankha zimene palibe mtundu wa munthu wotchuka wokha umene unganene.

Nkhondo ya Kunja Monga Mavumbulutso, Osati Chabe Chovuta

Mavuto ena ayenera kusankhidwa chifukwa chakuti amakakamiza munthu wina kuti adziteteze. Tsoka lachilengedwe limavumbula kusokonezeka kwa anthu. Kuzengedwa mlandu kumatsimikizira kuti munthu ali ndi ufulu wolankhula ndipo kutsimikiza kuti umboni wachokera kumbali ndi wowona. Kutsutsana kwabwino kwambiri ndi kophiphiritsira: chipinda chotsekedwa ndicho kudzipatula kwa munthu; mlatho womasukidwa ndi ukwati wa munthu. Pamene zochitika za mchitidwe zangokhala ziwonero zophiphiritsira, mayankhidwe a munthuyo amaposa zimene amayembekezera.

Kusemphana Maganizo: Magalasi ndi Chida Choopsa

Kulimbana pakati pa anthu amene amafunikirana koma amene sangagwirizane kuli kutsutsana kwakukulu. Ikani Hero pamodzi ndi Mentor amene sakonda njira zake, kapena mthunzi amene ali ndi cholinga ndi wokonda kupha koma pazifukwa zosiyana kwambiri. Mapangano okakamiza ameneŵa amapanga kukambitsirana kumene kumataya zinsinsi ndi kuvumbula kusweka. Kukangana m'mayanjano sikumangotsutsana; ndiko nkhondo yachete yoletsa kuvomerezedwa, kupweteka kwa nthabwala zimene maiko akuyandikira kwambiri ku chowonadi, mgwirizano umene umasintha mphamvu.

Kuchotsa Mapazi Opanda Tanthauzo Lotaika

Kulimba si kungosintha ziyembekezo; kukupereka chowonadi chozama mwa kujambula njira. Trope yopatulidwa kaamba ka phindu la kudabwa kokha imafota. Kutembenuzidwako kuyenera kuvumbula kanthu kena ponena za munthu kapena dziko limene kugwiritsira ntchito kolunjika sikungatero.

Kuti muwonongeke, choyamba zindikirani zimene trope akutanthauza kukwaniritsa. “Damsel Povutika” kaŵirikaŵiri ndimkupiti wa Hero. Kuikani m’manja mwa mkaidiyo osati mwa kungopanga katswiri wa nkhondo, koma mwa kukhala ndi chipulumutso ndicho nthaŵi imene “damsel” wazindikira kuti sanapangidwe ndi wolakwayo koma ndi nkhani ya Hero kukhala wosatha kuwathandiza. Trope akukhala ndemanga pa bungwe ndi kuzindikira kwake.

Kuphatikiza ma archetype ndi kusokonezeka kwina kwamphamvu. Trickster-Mentor, monga Dokotala mu Wothandiza Amene , amatsogolera pamene ali magwero a chipwirikiti. Aro-Shadow, monga Joe Goldberg mu [[FLT]] Inu [[FLT]], Mumatsatira njira yachizindikiro ya rom-proganist kuchokera m’maganizo a homicidal. Omvetsera a trip amaimbana misewu.

Zisonkhezero za kuipidwa kwatanthauzo. Ngati zochita za munthu wina zachokera pa chifukwa chapadera, chozindikiridwa kwambiri, ngakhale chida chamwambo chomveka bwino. Kubwezera kwa wobwezera sikwachilendo — kusiyapo ngati kukhululukidwa ndiko kumawononga moyo wake chifukwa chakuti kumachotsa anthu okha amene amavomereza mkwiyo wake. Kachitidweko kangadziŵike; zotsatira zake za mtima ziyenera kukhala zodabwitsa.

Kupanga Maluso Osaiwalika

Kanthu kake ndi kanjira ka kusinthira komwe kamagwirizana ndi chidutswa cha kunja. Kanthu kena kamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito kachilembo kamene sikali kongosinthasintha kapena kongodziimira.

Kusintha Mwa Kuwononga Ndalama

Kusintha kuyenera kukhala kokwera mtengo. Kusintha kwabwino kumene munthu amaphunzira kukhulupiriranso kuyenera kuwatayitsa kanthu kena — mwinamwake kutayika kwa chigoba chodzitetezera chimene chinawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuvulaza omwe sanawonepo. Mzere wokanika kumene mthunzi umagwera mumdima suli ku kutsika m’zithunzi zotukwana koma kutsata pang'onopang'ono, kutsata zololera zimene omvetsera akuzimvetsa. Kusintha kuli ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri; khalidwelo limafuna chinthu china chosiyana ndi chimene changochitika chifukwa chakuti nkhaniyo yatsimikizira kuti iwowo poyamba sakufuna chokwanira.

Kufotokoza Zolinga Zimene Zikusintha

Chonulirapo chakunja (kujambula chojambulacho, kupambana chisankho) ndi injini ya mapulani. Cholinga cha mkati (kutsimikizira kukhala wofunika, kupeza munthu) ndi injini ya chizindikiro. Pamene nkhaniyo ikupita patsogolo, chonulirapo chingapitirizebe koma tanthauzo lake. Chojambulacho chimasiya kucheperapo ponena za chinthu ndi za mnzake amene akuyesa kuti asataye. Chisinthiko cha cholingachi chimasonyeza chisinthiko cha munthu mwini. Kusintha kumeneku pa girafu — X-axis: zochitika za kukonza, Y-axis: malo oyamba a mkati — amatsimikizira kuti nchowoneka ndi chosasintha.

Zimene Mungachite Kuti Mupeze Zomwe Muyenera Kuchita

Mapeto ake amasintha kwambiri pamene munthu womaliza ayankha mwachindunji funso limene linafunsidwa poyamba. Ngati nkhaniyo iyamba ndi Hero amene amakhulupirira kuti iye angakondedwe kokha ngati ali wamphamvu, chigamulocho chiyenera kusonyeza zimene zimachitika pamene alola chikhulupiriro chake kapena kutsimikizira kuti chingakhale chokwera mtengo. Zosankha zogwira mtima zingakhale zaluso, koma zimamalizabe kutengeka maganizo. Omvetsera ayenera kuona kuti khalidwelo lasintha kwambiri ndi ulendowo, ngakhale atabwerera kumalo amodzi.

Kumanga Kakhalidwe Kabwino Panthaka: Kulimbitsa Thupi

Kuti mumvetse mfundo zimenezi, yesetsani kukonza njira yochitira zinthu yoyenerera.

  • Kodi chinsinsi cha Mentor nchochititsa manyazi kwambiri? (Sizinachitidwa, koma kanthu kena kamene [[CUP: 0] ndika — mkhalidwe umene amabisa.)
  • Munthu amene ali yekhayokha, kodi amachita chiyani chimene palibe aliyense amene akudziwa?
  • Kodi Mentor amadzinenera bodza lotani kuti athe kupirira tsikulo?
  • Kodi ndani amene Mentor sakhoza kuima, ndipo nchifukwa ninji (mumpange kukhala wochepa ndi wokulira panthaŵi imodzi?)
  • Kodi luso losiyana kotheratu ndi mbali yawo n’chiyani?
  • Kodi munthu amene ali pa Intaneti angakhumudwe bwanji ngati mmene amachitira ndi munthu amene wangomusiya kumene?

Tsopano, lembani malo a mawu 500 kumene Mentor ameneyu ayenera kuphunzitsa phunziro lofunika, koma wophunzirayo achititsa manyazi a Mentor m’njira yosayembekezereka. Chochitikacho chidzakhala chitadutsa kwambiri. Kachitidweko katsimikizira kuti mawuwo achokeradi kwa munthu, osati kwa mkulu wankhondo.

Kusiyana kwa Zikhalidwe ndi Makhalidwe

Mauthenga sayamba ndi ufumu wosadziŵika bwino. Kukonza makhalidwe, makhalidwe, ndi tsankho losadziŵa. Mentale wa m'chipululu cha chipululu adzapereka uphungu kupyolera mwa mafanizo osiyana kotheratu kuposa mmodzi kuchokera ku kutchuka kwa m'mizinda. Ngati wolemba ayamba ndi ufumu wachilendo, khalidwelo lakhala kale lopanda munthu. Mmalomwake, longosolani chitaganya chenicheni ndi malamulo ake osalembedwa. Kodi khalidwelo limasintha motani kakhalidwe ka anthu, banja, kapena chiphunzitso chachipembedzo?

Chinenero, nayenso, nchachikhalidwe. Kulankhula, kujambula mawu, ngakhale kungokhala chete ndi zizindikiro za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kubwereka chinenero kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chenicheni cha dziko popanda kujambula kumafuna kufufuza ndi kumverana. Kupanda chifundo kwa North Carolina Writing Center kutsogolera kwa chikhalidwe kumagogomezera kufunika kwa kufufuza zinthu zolondola. Kukhazikitsa sikuli maziko; ndi khalidwe lina, ndipo unansi wa protagonist kulongosola matanthauzo ake.

Kumaliza

Mumpata wa pakati pa ardetype ndi yoyambirira wadzaza ndi kumvetsera. Ma Archetype amapatsa olembawo chinenero chimodzi; mawu achibadwa afuna kuti tilankhule chinenero chimenecho ndi mawu amene sitinamvepo. Mwakukumba m'njira yakutiyakuti, kutsutsana, kulimbana, kuipitsa ndi cholinga, ndi kupanga mizere yozikidwa pa choonadi cha maganizo, wolemba angasinthe chithunzi chilichonse pa tsamba kuchokera pa chinthu choima, kulowa m'malo ake. Pa trope - trop, cholingacho si kuletsa mipatu ya munthu koma kuipanga kukhala yosatsutsika. Pamene Hero akutsogolera ndi omvetserawo sazindikira mbali ya kungokhalayo koma munthu amene iwo amadziŵa, wowopa, kapena, wowopa, kapena, nkhani yake yonse.