Machimo Asanu ndi Aŵiri Opha Samatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala zinyalala. M’malo mwake, mbiri yawo njosinthasintha kwa anthu, nkhondo yapamkati, ndi kusaona bwino kwadzidzidzi kumene makhalidwe oipa amene kale anagwirizana angakhale oopsa kwambiri. Kuyambira pa mabwinja oyambirira ku mafilimu amakono, machenjezo a kunyada, umbombo, nsanje, kususuka, mkwiyo, ndi ulesi zafotokozedwa osati mwa kukhala wodzipatula koma ndi nkhondo zoopsa zimene zimawachititsa kutsutsana ndi makhalidwe awo oipa. Kuzindikira nkhondo zimenezi kumapatsa mphamvu ya kuwona masoka a m’mbiri ndi nkhondo yaumwini.

Malo Osungirako Azachuma: Kuchokera ku Machenjezo a Chipululu Kufikira ku Makhalidwe Aisanu ndi Aŵiri

Maziko a Masini Oopsa Otchedwa Seven Death Sins akufika ku mmonke wa m'chipululu m’zaka za zana lachinayi. Evagrius, papa, dikoni ndi wodzimana, adalemba asanu ndi atatu [[FLT: 0] lolistoishoi [1] malingaliro oipa [1] amene anawononga mmonke wodzipa yekha: kususuka, kulakalaka, chisoni, chisoni, mkwiyo, shati, kunyada, kunyada, kunyada. Zimenezi sizinali zolemba koma chingwe champhamvu cha ziyeso. Glutony, wofulitsidwa ndi tsabola lauzimu, ndipo kutsata ku ngozi yaikulu yauzimu: kunyada. Dongolosololo linali ponse paŵiri lakufufuza ndi kudziŵa bwino; zimene zinalola kuti amonke agwirizane ndi enawo asanachite.

John Cassian anabweretsa ziphunzitso zimenezi ku West, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, Papa Gregory I analinganizanso ndi kuumiriza ndandanda ya maupandu asanu ndi aŵiri. Anaphatikiza ulemerero wosapindulitsa kukhala kunyada, chisoni ku ulesi, ndi kuwonjezera nsanje. Mu Gregory’s Marialia mu Yobu , analinganiza monga “zoipa zolakwika , chifukwa zinapanga machimo ena. Kusankha kumeneku sikunatanthauze kuipitsa chibadwa cha munthu koma kumanga bwalo la nkhondo. Zoipa zazikuluzo zinakhala zigaweruzo za makhalidwe oipa, chilichonse chokhoza kuchititsa kasokonekera kwa machimo aang'ono. Komabe, chifukwa cha kunyada, kunyansidwa kwake, ndi kukhutiritsa kwa nsanje, ndi kukhutiritsa kwa nsanje. Zomwe zinachitira chithunzi zimenezi. Zochitika zaluso la zopangapanga zapamwamba pambuyo pake zinachitira chithunzi.

Kaamba ka mzera wa makolo watsatanetsatane, Encyclopedia ya Internet ya Filosophy yoloŵa m'Chimo Chakufa Chonse [[FLT: 1] imatsata chisinthiko cha malingaliro ameneŵa kupyolera m’zikhulupiriro za m'zaka zapakati ndi zapakati, kusonyeza mmene chiŵiya chopimiramo amonke chinakhalira mawu a makhalidwe a anthu onse.

Nkhondo Yoyerekezera: Mmene Makhalidwe Oipa Amakhalira

Akatswiri a maphunziro a zaumulungu ndi ndakatulo a m'zaka zapakati anasintha machimo kukhala zilembo, kaŵirikaŵiri pankhondo ndi makhalidwe. Koma osapenda kwambiri ndi nkhondo pakati pa [FLT] machimo enieniwo. Kuchoka pa mdani kupita kwa mdani kumawonekedwa mwachindunji chifukwa chakuti zoipa, ngakhale kuti zogwirizana ndi ubwino, sizigwirizana kwenikweni. Kunyada sikungayanjane ndi mpando wachifumu. Chidani chimanyansidwa ndi kunyada pamene chikulakalaka. Kusirira kumachititsa mkwiyowo. Kukwiyitsa kumeneku kumayambitsa nkhondo imene yakhala yovomerezeka m’mauthenga, mabuku, ngakhalenso malamulo a dziko.

Kunyada ndi Kudzichepetsa: Chochititsa Kulemba

Kunyada ndiko muzu wa uchimo wonse chifukwa chakuti kumaumirira kupanduka kwa lamulo la Mulungu. Pambali imeneyi, kunyada kumayendera limodzi ndi pafupifupi choipa chilichonse. Moyo wonyada ungagwiritsire ntchito mkwiyo kutetezera malo ake, njiru kuchinjiriza malo ake, kapena chikhumbo cha kukondwerera mphamvu yake. Koma mdani wamkulu wa kunyada m’mtima wa munthu ndi kudzichepetsa, ubwino umene umachotsa kudzikuza. Mngelo wochimwayo Satana , chifaniziro cha kunyada, chimati “kulamulira ku Helo kuposa kutumikira Kumwamba, komabe nyimboyo imavumbula kunyada pomalizira pake. Pamene mngelo wochimwayo akuchoka ku kumbuyo kwa kuzunzidwa, iye amakhala wonyada amene sangakhale ndende yake. Kunyada kuli kunyada pakati pa nkhondo ndi kunyada kopanda kunyada.

Umbombo ndi Kuoloŵa Manja: Kusokonezeka kwa Kudzisunga ndi Kumasulidwa

Umbombo kaŵirikaŵiri umasonyezedwa pamodzi ndi nsanje . Chikhumbo cha kukhala ndi zimene wina ali nazo. Koma kulimbana kowopsa kwa mkati ndi ulesi. Munthu waumbombo sapuma; waulesi sangachitepo kanthu. Kusirira kumafuna kupezabe nthaŵi zonse, pamene kuli kwakuti kanyama kamatsutsa kuyesayesa kofunikira. Kulimbana kumeneku kungaonekere m'nyengo za zachuma: mwambo wa chuma chochuluka kwambiri ungathe kupsa ndi kunyalanyazidwa, pamene dongosolo lenilenilo limagwetsa anthu amene linkawalimbikitsa.

Mwachiwonekere, umbombo umalimbana ndi kuoloŵa manja. M'nyengo zapakati, Lady Umphaŵi unali wopambana pa kutsutsa Varice, ndipo umphaŵi waufulu unaonedwa kukhala chida. Counter-Reformation adawona madongosolo achipembedzo atakonzedwanso ndi malumbiro a kufeŵera kopambanitsa, kudzipanga iwo eni adani a chikhumbo cha zinthu zakuthupi chimene chinaloŵetsamo Chisinthiko. Nkhondo imeneyi siiri yongopeka m'mbiri; imakhalaponso m'chigamulo chirichonse cha lamulo la lamulo ndi phindu lililonse la kampani logaŵikana pakati pa osunga ndalama ndi chitaganya.

Mkwiyo ndi Kuleza Mtima: Moto ndi Msampha

Mkwiyo ulidi tchimo lowononga koposa, koma ungadziwoneretu kukhala wolakwa kwakanthaŵi, kudziona ngati wolakwa monga mkwiyo. Mdani wamkati amene sakwiya sangokhala wabata koma woleza mtima wokangalika . Kukana dala kubwezera. Kuleza mtima kumeneku sikumaletsa mkwiyo; sikumasintha. Atate a Chipululu anaphunzitsa kuti mkwiyo ungabwezedwe motsutsana ndi mdani weniweniyo: chiyesocho. Pamene mmonke anakwiyira mbale wake, iye anayenera kuwongolera mkwiyo wamphamvuwo pa kunong’ung’ung’udza kwa chiwanda. Mwakutero, mkwiyo unatembenuzidwa kuchoka ku ku kunyada kopanda kunyada kwa luntha.

Nkhondo Zowopsa za M’mbiri Pamene Machimo Anaukirana

Zochitika zoopsa kwambiri m’mbiri ya anthu zimavumbula osati tchimo limodzi lokha limene anthu amachita koma nkhondo yapachiweniweni, pamene kunyada kumachititsa anthu kunyada, nsanje imafooketsa mkwiyo, ndipo ulesi umathetsa maufumu.

Nkhondo Zamtanda: Pamene Mkwiyo ndi Umbombo Zinafalikira Pansi pa Mtanda

Nkhondo za Mtanda kaŵirikaŵiri zimaikidwa monga kuwombana pakati pa changu chachipembedzo ndi chikhumbo cha dziko. Ndithudi, olemba mbiri a panthaŵi ino onga Guibert wa Nogent anatsutsa zisonkhezero zakuthupi za ankhondo zankhondo za . Chimene chimapangitsa Nkhondo za Mtanda kukhala nkhani ya nkhondo pakati pa machimo ndiyo njira [ yoluluza mkwiyo [. Kuitana koyamba ku Clermont mu 1095 kunachititsa mkwiyo wolungama wotsutsa kuipitsa malo oyera. Koma pamene gulu la dyera la dziko, loot, ndi landale linasintha chifukwa chake. Nkhondo yachisanu (121212121212) sinafinikire Yerusalemu; inabisa mzinda wa Constantiod, mmalo mwa kukopa malonda ndi kunyenga kwa Aneastriast. Kulimbana kwa mbandalu ya chisoko, inatsatitsatitsatitsa chiso cha chisoko cha kusokonezeka cha makhalidwe kwa , chivomezi chachi. [2] Zotsatira zandale: [4]

Kugwa kwa Roma: Nsanje, Nsanje, ndi Kudzikuza

Kutha kwa Ufumu wa Roma kaŵirikaŵiri kumanenedwa kuti ndi kuukira kwankhanza, koma maderere a Roma adakhudzidwa kale ndi mavuto a makhalidwe oipa. Olemba mbiri amaloza ku [FL: 0] ku shati yomasintha pakati pa apamwamba: aacea, demony yomwe inagonjetsa. Simuterono, njiru ya m'malere pa nsalu ya chikhalidwe monga momwe anthu amaipidwa ndi likulu la mabwinja, ndipo akazembe adzikolo anatembenuzidwa kale ndi nsanje ya ulamuliro. Kunyada, kuyambika kwa ufumu kunakhala kuwonongeka kwake. Zotsatira zake zinali kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu koma kuchedwa, kugwetsa. Pomanthana pang'onong'onong'onong'ono, ku Adkitsandossssss m'ka AD 40, zinali zitatha kale ndi kulephera kwa ulamuliro wa ulamuliro wa ulamuliro wa dziko lapansi ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ulamuliro wa Roma: [Foctive:]

Kuwonongeka kwa Msika wa Fuko mu 1929: Umbombo ndi Kunyada Zikubwerera M’mbuyo

M'zachuma chamakono, kuchuluka kwa zoipa kwachitika m'mavuto a zachuma. Makumi a Makumi Asanu Oyamba Kuchititsa Umbombo kukwera malonda a masheya kukhala osamveka, koma chinali kunyada . Chinali chikhutiro chakuti “nthaŵi ino njosiyana” chomwe chinasiya kusamala. Pamene phulusa linabuka mu October 1929, mkwiyo unabuka mwa anthu oukira boma, ndipo nsanje inaipitsa pangano la kakhalidwe pakati pa antchito ndi olemera. Kupsinjika maganizo kwakukulu kumene kunatsatira sikunali tsoka la zachuma chabe; chinali chochitika cha makhalidwe abwino chimene chinasonkhezera machimo a wina ndi mnzake: mantha opangika kusoŵa ntchito, pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ochepa amene anapulumuka pandale zoyambitsa mavuto. Mapangano a za ndale zadziko angaŵerengedwe monga kuyesa kukhazikitsa khalidwe la makhalidwe oipa, kunyada kunyada kunyada kwa anthu odzitukusira, kunyada ndi kunyanyuka kwa thungo.

Kumasulira Kwamakono: Machimo Oyambitsidwanso m’Chikhalidwe

Ofalitsa nkhani a m’nthaŵi yamakono sanasiye kufuula kwa akatswiri a makhalidwe abwino a m’zaka zapakati; iwo abadwanso machimo monga zilembo, maluso a maganizo, ndi injini zosimba za m’nthaŵiyo.

Mphekesera ya Dante: Kuipa Kopangidwa Kuloŵa m’Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni Yochimwa

Dante Allieri’s Waumulungu Comedy , adatha mu 1320, akukhalabe mapu osonkhezera kwambiri a Machimo Oopsa Asanu. Purigatorio , machimo amalamulidwa osati mwaukali koma ndi mtunda wawo kuchokera ku chikondi chaumulungu, nsanje, ulesiti, umbombo, kusirira, kukhumba, fumbi lililonse la purigatoriyo likuwomba tchimo lamphamvu ndi ubwino wake wotsutsana. Modabwitsa kwambiri, Dante ya ndi masomphenya ena osakopana. Iwo amasonyeza mmene machimowo anakhalira ndi moyo waukali. Mdani wamuyaya wa Sty, ndi wowopsa wa shyrthss, ndi wotchuka, wofanana ndi ena.

Filimu [[ML:0] Seketeni [[Kusintha:1] ndi Psychodrama ya Uchimo

David Fincher’s 1995 schimer SEGEN . Komabe, filimuyi imaloŵetsa machimo akupha m'matauni amakono a heloscape. Wakupha John Doe sali chabe wamphepo; iye ndi wopulupudza woikapo munthu aliyense amene amaikapo chiwopsezo cha kupha munthu kuti asonyeze tchimo limene afuna kuti munthu wagwidwa. Mlandu weniweniyo amenyedwa, ngakhale kuli kwakuti, ndi pakati pa apolisi aŵiriwo amene atopa, oleza mtima, oleza mtima, okwiya, khosi ndi . Chiwopsezo chimadalira pa nsanje ndi mkwiyo womalizira, kugwirizana kowononga: Doe Allalls ndi zida za moyo wamba ndi kuchititsa nsanje imene imakwitsa mkwiyo. Chipambano china chimasonyeza motani, pamene chiwopsezo china chimapambana, chiwopsera, [FFF:] Chikhometso chowopsa chowopsacho, chosa kutsutsa chikhoma.

Chisinthiko: [[FL:0] Machimo Akupha Asanu ndi Aŵiri monga Hero

Manga ndi aimase Nanatsu notai [1] ( Machimo Akupha Asanu ndi Aŵiri ) amapereka kuyambikanso kodzutsa chilakolako: Masing'ono amapanga chiwembu, chilichonse chonyamula kachilombo, chokhala ndi kachilombo kena kake kake kake, [kapena kuti] Melida (Warth), Chibalo (kana), Diane (Envy), Mfumu (Sloth), Gother (Lt), Merlin (Glut), ndi Eunt) pamene kuli kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya nkhondo. Pamene kuli kuthekera kwa mphamvu yamphamvu ya mphamvu za mphamvu za anthu.

Nkhondo ya Maganizo ndi ya Chikhalidwe Lerolino

Panja pa nkhani zopeka, nkhondo zomangira machimo zimaumba moyo wamakono ndi mphamvu yosatha. Makampani a zaumoyo a ntchito monga manjini a njinga, ma algmic system amene amalimbana ndi ogwiritsira ntchito maatrum omwe amapikisana ndi anthu otsala. Thongo, ngati amenyedwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali, kukwiya kwambiri , kutsendereza kwa magetsi ndi kuchotsa chikhalidwe. Panthaŵiyi, mabungwe amene amalonjeza ufulu wa kugula ndi ngongole amaunkhana ndi kuumbombo: katundu wa sitolo yosungiramo zinthu mosalekeza, kugula popanda chikhutiro, kumira m'maledzere monga kusanguluka.

Ofufuza za matenda a maganizo kaŵirikaŵiri amakumana ndi mphamvu zimenezi mwa anthu olimbana ndi kupsa ndi ntchito. Mliri wamakono wa kupsa ndi ntchito uli kutha kwa kunyada ndi usiwi: Kukana monyada kuika malire kumatsogolera ku kugwa kwa maganizo kumene kumafanana ndi silovu. Njira zosonkhezera zimene zimasumika pa kuyang’anira kupsinjika maganizo zikunyalanyaza mkhalidwe wa makhalidwe abwino ndi kupuma, kulola kudzichepetsa kugonjetsa kunyada kusanakhale kutopa. Nkhondo ya pakati pa machimo si kufunafuna chidziŵitso cha m'zaka zapakati; ndiko kulembedwa kwa kakonzedwe kalikonse ka kamankhwala ndi vuto la gulu lirilonse.

Akatswiri a zachuma amakhalidwe asonyeza kuti kukhazikitsa zosankha za makhalidwe abwino monga nkhondo za mkati kungawongolere kudzilamulira. Mmalo mwa kumenyana “mwangozi, anthu angasonkhezeredwe kuwona kuwombana pakati pa umbombo wawo ndi chikhumbo chawo chenicheni cha mbiri (kudzisangalatsa kwa mwamsanga, kapena pakati pa chikhutiro cha mwamsanga ndi chikhutiro cha nthaŵi yaitali. Amonkewo amavomereza kuti moyo suli wogwirizana koma malamulo a malingaliro otsutsana ndi [1] mfundo zenizeni za m’chipululu zinamvedwa bwino.

Kuchoka pa Magulu Ankhondo Kukhala Adani: Nkhondo Yomapitirizabe

Malamulo amene anayamba kulembedwa m’chipululu cha ku Igupto sanathe. Machimo Oopsa 7 adakali omenyana ndi anthu pa moyo wawo ndiponso pa mfundo za anthu. Amasintha kuchoka pa mdani kupita kwa adani potsatira mfundo: chikhumbo chimene chimayambitsa chingakhale kunyada kumene kumawononga timu; mkwiyo wolungama umene umafuna kuti chilungamo chizidzathetsedwa ndi nsanje imene imangofuna kuwononga. Kuzindikira kuti mgwirizano wasinthawu ndi luso la makhalidwe abwino, kumangofuna kuti munthu akhale wosamala ndi wofunitsitsa kuona zinthu modabwitsa kumene kungaonedwe ndi khalidwe loipa.

Mapeto ake, nkhondo yoopsa imene imalongosola machimo omwe amaimira kutha kwa nkhondo osati kutha kwake koma mtundu wa nkhondo. Moyo umene umapondereza mkwiyo ungapeze kuti unabwereranso kasanu ndi kaŵiri. Anthu amene amangotsutsa umbombo popanda kuyambitsa mtima wopatsa mopindulitsa amayambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Nkhondo zoopsa zimene zimalongosola machimo . Kulimbana ndi nkhondo zankhanza za nkhondo za SS zamphamvu ndi kunyada pakati pa kunyada ndi kudzichepetsa, sizingatsekereze machaputala koma zimaitanira anthu kuti amvetsetse zolinga za anthu. Kudziŵa pamene adani awo asintha kukhala ufulu m’dziko limene machimo, ngakhale kuti kale, amavala machinsinsi amakono ndi nkhondo zankhondo.