Kapangidwe ka anomime kayenda panjira yochititsa chidwi, kuyambira ndi ma flipbook wamba ndi kuthera m'mabungwe amakono kumene akatswiri ojambula zithunzi amajambula zinthu zonse padziko lonse. Kusintha kuchokera ku mafanimalo ojambula ndi manja kupita ku makompyuta kunasintha zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi mawu: zithunzi zooneka ndi tsatanetsatane, madeti opanga zinthu afupikitsidwa, ndipo opanga zinthu mwadzidzidzi anali ndi zida zimene zinawalola kulondola malingaliro omwe kale anali osatheka. Kusintha kumeneku kwa luso la zopanga zinthu sikunangopanga mafanizo a zinthu; kunasinthanso mmene nkhani zikulembedwera, mmene zilembo zimasonyezera malingaliro, ndi mmene omvera padziko lonse agwirizanirana ndi nkhani za anthu.

Njira zoyambirira . Kujambula papepala, kujambula pa mapepala, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zopimira kuyerekezera kuyendayenda . Ikani poyambira pamene tizindikira kuti ndi aima. Luso lamakono monga CGI, magome a manambala, ndi mapulogalamu a kompyuta otsogola ayamba kukhala maziko a maindasitale amakono, koma mizu yake njodabwitsa ndi yopangidwa ndi manja. Kuzindikira kuti mzera wa makolo umathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake malo odabwitsa kwambiri m'chikhalidwe cha dziko lonse.

Chiyambi cha Zipangizo: Kuchokera ku Mabuku a Fukufuku Kufika ku Celluloid

Kalekale malo ochitirako zinthu asanayambe, akatswiri opanga zinthu ndi opanga tinchokoso anapeza njira zosocheretsera maso kuti azitha kuzindikira. Zomwe anatulukira poyamba zinali zamakina ndi maso, koma anakhazikitsa mfundo yaikulu ya kapangidwe kalikonse ka khansa kamadalira: kutsatizana kwa zithunzi kumayambitsa chinyengo cha moyo.

Kupeza Kulimbikira kwa Maso

Kupitiriza kuona ndi chinthu chimene chimasinthasintha kwambiri m’thupi la munthu m’zaka za m’ma 1800, ndipo chinakhala maziko a sayansi a zojambula zonse zimene zinatsatira. Akatswiri monga Peter Mark Roget ndi Joseph Plation anafufuza mmene maso angasocheretsedwere, n’kupangitsa kuti zinthu zoseŵeretsa zikhale ndi mphamvu kwambiri m’zaka za m’ma 1800.

Zipangizo Zoyambirira: Zoetrop, Praxinoscope, ndi Magic Lantern

Zountal , ng’oma yoluka yokhala ndi zidutswa zoima ndi mzere wa zithunzi zokongola mkati, zinalola oonerera kuyang'ana ndi kuyendayenda kwa mapulogalamu. Zinali zosavuta, zojambula, ndi zonsezo. praconscope [1] kuwongolera pa mfundoyi mwa kuchotsa matumbo ndi zionetsero, kuchepetsa ndi kupanga mafanizo ochititsa chidwi. Zipangizo ziŵirizo zinatsimikizira kuti zithunzi zojambula zingathe kuyerekezera moyo, ndi kubzala mbewu za mamenti-fire. Zojambula zamatsenga, kanema imene inajambula zithunzithunzi zojambula zithunzithunzi, zinajambula zithunzithunzi, zinakhala pafupi ndi kuyambitsa ndi kujambula, zinasonyeza pulogalamu, zinasinthani, ndipo zinapanga mapulogalamu.

Mabuku a Zifukwa ndi Kunyamula Mafano

Mabuku a flup anachotsa mayeso ku mtundu wake waukulu: mulu wa masamba omangidwa kumapeto amodzi, limodzi ndi pepala losinthidwa pang'ono. Mwa kuyang'ana m'buku, wopenyererayo anapeka pulojekita wa kayendedwe. Palibe pulojekita, magetsi, ndipo panalibe zipangizo zapadera zimene zinafunika. Mapepala a decrameticism ndi kupatsa akatswiri aluso njira yachindunji yoyesera malongosoledwe. Ma a a Japan ambiri m’zaka za zana la 20 anakumana ndi ma flipbolo monga kuspeast, ndi lamulo la kujambula kwa sequarien kumakhala pakati pa kujambula kwa masamu ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba lerolino.

Maonekedwe a Fantasmagoria ndi Amatsenga

Pantasmagoria anachita ntchito zamatsenga chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19 pogwiritsira ntchito nyali zoyenda ndi magalimoto kubwerera kumbuyo ndi zithunzithunzi za mizimu pa kanema kapena utsi, kaŵirikaŵiri m'zipinda zamdima. Zowopsa zotulukapo zinawoneka ngati zikuyandama, kukula, ndi kutha, kuchititsa kuchititsa kutengeka kwa mphamvu yachilendo. Izi zinali zisonyezero za zosangulutsa za mawonekedwe okongola ndi kutsimikizira kuti omvetsera analakalaka zokumana nazo zimene analingalira kukhala amoyo. Charles-Éméaud [FL: 0] Théâtreque , zimene nthaŵi zinasonyezedwa monga zoperekera zojambula zenizeni, zimene zinatsatsatitsatitsa malonda a m’manja a m’zaka za zana lakuyambi ndi lakutsatira.

Kukula kwa Zipangizo Zoyerekezera ndi Antimie

Pamene kanema inayamba kuonekera, mafilimu anapeza nyumba yatsopano. Luso lojambula zithunzi ndi kuzijambula pa liŵiro lalikulu linasintha chidwi cha maso kukhala luso laluso lokhala ndi mafilimu. Maluso a mwambo, makamaka masewero a sel, anakhala njira yaikulu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo anayala maziko a indasitale ya Japani ya chiwiya.

Kupima Maseche ndi Nyengo Yabwino

Maseŵero a Cel adagwiritsira ntchito mapepala osonyeza kuyendayenda a selouse actate .Cels . Chingwe chilichonse chinaikidwa pa malo akumbuyo ndi kujambula fomu imodzi panthaŵi. Njira imeneyi inapulumutsa ntchito yaikulu chifukwa chakuti ojambulawo anatha kugwiritsiranso ntchito malo oyendawo ndi kungojambulanso mizere. Njirayi inatha mu 1930 ndi mphamvu zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimatchedwa Golden Age of America. Walt Disney [[FLT: 0]] Walteram wa bwato Willie [1] (18]) yoyambitsanso phokoso ndi Mickey Mouse, pamene [FLD2] Snow ndi Sevenfs [FFFF] [FFF] [3] [197] kukopa filimu yokongola kwambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi la Strite] (mu War) inatsatira mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu ya mphamvu ya kamera yamphamvu yapamwamba ya m'Actives.

Ajapani anatengera njira zimenezi zimene anaphunzira luso la ku Western podzibaya jekeseni ya maso awo. Ma stitudio oyambirira anatengera foni ya cel ndi kuphatikiza ndi maluso a kalembedwe ndi kujambula. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, njirayi inakhala yosiyana, koma mwambo wapamwamba , kujambula , pakati, ndi chithunzi cha cel .

Maselo Ochititsa Chidwi ndi Malo Osonyeza Mafano

Makampani a ku America ojambula mafilimu a ku America anaonetsa makampani a malonda ndi aluso amene pambuyo pake adzasintha. Walt Disney Studios adakhazikitsa madzi oyambitsidwa, kuyendayenda kwa umunthu ndi kuzama kwa nkhani. Warner Brots . adakulitsa kuthamanga kwa mbama ndi nthabwala zopanda ulemu ndi zilembo monga Buns Bunny ndi Daffy Duck. Fleischer Studios anapatsa dziko Betty Boop ndi Papaye, kuyesa ndi surnal geags ndi Roloscoping, njira imene imatsataulira pa moyo woyenda kuti apeze moyo. Kujambula kumeneku kukhoza kutsimikizira kuti maluso a kachitidwe kachitidwe ka Buns Bun ndi Daffy Deck. Kubwerako, kosangalatsa, kapena kubwera kwa Pavalme.

Muyeso wa ku Japan unatengera maphunziro ameneŵa pamene anali kuyang'ana njira yake. Statury , Toei Ogient [1], yomwe inayamba mu 1948, inajambula paipi yake yopanga pa pulogalamu ya Disney koma mwamsanga inapanga mpambo ndi mafilimu oyambika ndi nthano za ku Japan, manga, ndi kusinkhutsa kwa nthano. Zilembo zachithunzi zinayamba kutuluka [1] osati kungodula mascot, koma opanga ma protagononi amene anakula ndi kuvutikira kudutsa zochitika zambiri. Kusintha kumeneku, kuphatikizapo kufunitsitsa kuvomereza mitu yakuda ndi nkhani zocholoŵa m'mutu, zolembedwa zolembedwa, zolembedwa zolembedwa kuchokera ku chotchuka cha Kumadzulo.

Kuwonjezeka kwa Ane

Anime atulukira pang’onopang’ono. M'ma 1960, mpambo wonga Astro Boy (1963) adatumizidwa ndi kutchedwa maina a misika yachilendo, kuyambitsa mawu atsopano oonekera kwa anthu otchulidwa pa Disney ndi Warner Brots. Maluso ojambula opereŵera ogwiritsiridwa ntchito pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri , kudalira kwambiri pa kamera ndi strelicsssssssssss. Openyerera a kumadzulo anayamba kugwirizana ndi maso aakulu, zitsulo, zitsutso, ndi ziŵiro za mtima.

Ma 1980 ndi 1990 anapititsa patsogolo chikhoterero cha dziko lonsechi. Studio Ghibli, amene anayambitsidwa ndi Hayao Miyazaki, anapanga zinthu zaluso monga Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] ndi Symod Leawad amene anakopa anthu a mitundu yonse ndi kusonyeza mphamvu ya Hayao Miyazaki yofotokoza nkhani zolembedwa mwandakatulo ndi za chilengedwe. Mavidiyo ndi wailesi yakanema anabweretsa ku Ulaya, Latin America, ndi North America, kulimbikitsa mbadwo wa otsaganawo amene pambuyo pake anafuna kutchuka ndi kuthamanga kwa malaibulale. Pofika zaka za chikwirizimu, kunalibenso nkhani ya ku Japan.

Kujambula ndi Kukonza Zinthu

Mafilimu, kapena mu Chijapani, ndi mapulani a ntchito iliyonse yooneka. Imatchula mfuti iliyonse, imasonyeza kugwedeza kwa kamera, ndi kujambula mawonekedwe a chithunzi. Ma shadi ojambula mafanizo anaika kulemera kwakukulu pa sitepeliyi chifukwa chakuti imagwira ntchito monga chiŵiya chachikulu cholankhulira pakati pa adiresi, oyendetsa zinthu, ndi ojambula.

M'dziko la anime, e-konte [1] kaŵirikaŵiri imadutsa m'masinthidwe ambiri, ndipo madailekitala ena olemekezeka amapanga mabodi odabwitsa omwe ali ndi tsatanetsatane wowirikiza kaŵiri monga zithunzithunzi zaluso kumanja kwawo. Njira yolenga imaphatikizapo woyang'anira kulinganiza kwa chithunzi chakumanja, pamene kuli kwakuti olembawo amamasulira zithunzizo kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Mwambo wophunzitsidwa, wobadwa kuchokera ku maluso a ku Western, udakalinso luso laluso lovuta monga momwe zida za magetsi zakhalako. Lerolino, mapulogalamu onga Stoboard Pro angagwirizane ndi kutulutsa mapilo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwamaganizo kwa sequencture kujambula ndi manja a zojambula.

Kusintha kwa Makina: Zaumisiri ndi Kusintha

Pofika chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, zipangizo zojambula zinayamba kusintha kuchokera ku utoto ndi mapepala kupita ku mapikishoni ndi madenala. Kufika kwa makompyuta m'chipinda choyamba kunatumikira ntchito zapambuyo pa kukonza ndi kukonza zinthu, koma posapita nthaŵi makampani onse anakonzedwanso. Kusinthako kunali kochititsa mantha kwambiri kwa kuwonongeka kwa matenda, kumene ma bajeti okhwima ndi madeti ofuna kuchitika bwino anathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Kubwera kwa CGI ndi Zithunzithunzi za Makompyuta

Chithunzi cha kompyuta, kapena CGI, chinayamba kujambula mafanizo m'ma 1980. Kufufuza koyambirira kunawonekera m'mafilimu onga Tron (19982], ndipo pofika kuma 1990, zithunzithunzi za kompyuta, zakhala mbali ya nthaŵi zonse ya mafanizo ndi wailesi yakanema. CGI inalola akatswiri aluso kupanga mafilimu atatu ojambula, kugwiritsira ntchito kuwala, ndi kutumiza kamera mu mlingo wa manambala [1] chinthu chimene chinafuna machenjera a maso ake akale. M'zopangapanga, CGI adagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa kaamba ka maluso opanga, malo ovuta, kapena ziyambukiro zimene zinali zovuta kujambula ndi manja. Monga kujambula zithunzi zamakono, mayunifomu opangidwa ndi mayunifomu opangidwa ndi mayunifomu atatu, ndi makompyuta ogwirizana ndi maluso ochititsa kapangidwe kawirikawo.

Kuchuluka kwa Mafuta Opimira 3

Pixar . Kupambana kwa filimuyo kunawonjezera pulogalamu ya makompyuta. [FLT: 0] Zojambula za mapulogalamu zokhala ndi maonekedwe, zofanizidwa ndi mphamvu zakuthupi, ndi zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi kompyuta ndipo zikutulutsabe zokhala za mtima. Filimuyo inawonjezera pulogalamu ya makampani ya makompyuta. [FLT] Jr . adatsimikizira kale kuti desiki la nyali yopepuka likhoza kusonyeza umunthu wopepuka mwa kusasintha kanthu koma, chivumbulutso chimene chinapangidwa chimene chinali chosaoneka kwenikweni. Chipangizo cha Pixar chinayamba kupendedwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa makompyuta.

Ma holo a Anime anazindikira, koma ambiri anali ochenjera. Opanga zinthu a ku Japan anatha zaka makumi ambiri akukonzanso 2D anesthetics, ndipo anasintha nkukhala 3D kucheza ndi anthu ocheza ndi alendo omwe anakonda mtundu wa maluso a mizere ndi maonekedwe a madzi. Mmalomwake, panapezeka njira yosiyana: zithunzi za mtundu wa 3D zojambula mecha kapena zifaniziro za gulu la anthu, pamene zilembo zazikulu zinakhalabe zojambula ndi manja kapena zamakono zojambulidwa ndi mavidiyo 2D.

Kuloŵetsedwanso kwa Makompyuta Oyerekezera

, ndi maprogramu ojambula okhoza kupotozedwa ndi amphamvu adapanga makampani. Programu zonga Adobe Ophikizapo , Toon Bootm Harmony , ndi Open Toonz analola 2D metal metal metage, kujambula, ndi compositting , popanda pepala limodzi lakuthupi. Studios anakhoza kupenda makitope a manja ndi kenako kujambula, kuphatikizana, ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri kujambula kochititsa kujambula ndi kujambula. Masiku ano, amime imagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zimenezi kupanga masamu pakati pa masamu, kugwiritsa ntchito ziyambukiro, ndi kuyendetsa magalasi ovuta amene akanakhala zaka makumi atatu zapitazo.

Makina odziimira okha ndi timagulu tating'ono, mapulogalamu otseguka monga Texmaner asinthanso malowo mwa kuwapatsa suti yokwanira ya 3D popanda mtengo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mlengi wogwiritsa ntchito laptop angapange ntchito imene imafanana ndi kujambula kwa makompyuta, ngakhale ngati kusimbidwa ndi kalembedwe kake kakhale maatalatedi enieni.

Zochita za Pambuyo Pake ndi Zopangapanga Zozungulira

Amime yamakono ikukhala pamphambano ya mwambo ndi zatsopano. Studios nthaŵi zonse amasakaniza maheafoni a manja ojambulidwa pa chigamulo chapamwamba, mafanima a zithunzi za manambala, ndi zinthu 3D m’chithunzi chimodzi.

Njira Zoyesera Kupanga Maluwa Obiriŵira

Zopangidwa zambiri zamakono zimadalira pa mapaipi ophatikizapo makompyuta. Maseŵero ofunika angalembedwebe pa pepala kapena pa ndandanda ya manambala, koma pakati, kuvala, ndi ziyambukiro za mapulogalamu amamalizidwa mu pulogalamu monga Clip Studio Paint kapena Toon Bootm Traymony . Rotoscoping, kumene ma a a ma aimators asches a moyo-styreage , ayambanso kutchuka chifukwa cha kulemera kwenikweni ndi mawonekedwe obisika pamene akuonekabe ngati a a akhungu.

Madailekitala ena amakhazikitsa malire owonjezera mwa kukonza mapepala ongopeka, kuimitsa zinthu, kapena mapulogalamu ophatikizapo makompyuta. chidule project anime, mafilimu oyesera, ndi mavidiyo a nyimbo kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikiza mafilimu a 2D ndi zithunzi zenizeni za padziko, zinthu 3D, ndiponso ngakhale zodulidwa ndi manja. Kufufuza kosiyanasiyana kumeneku n’kotheka chifukwa chakuti mapulogalamu a kompyuta amachotsa mphamvu zambiri za thupi zaka makumi oyambirira, kuitanira ku kujambula kwa mtanda pakati pa maluso, luso lapamwamba, ndi zojambula mawu otsatsa malonda.

Kuima ndi Kuumba Studios

Ngakhale kuti kuimitsa ndi kuumba si nkhani yaikulu ya kuchuluka kwa aime, iwo amakhalabe mbali zofunika kwambiri za mlingo wa dziko lonse umene umasonkhezera opanga zinthu. Studios monga Aardman Magiem ndi Laika wojambula mafilimu ojambula ndi mafilimu ojambula ndi maulansi a zidole ndi madongo, njira yapadera yochititsa kugwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera. Kupezeka kwa zinthu zapadera zimenezi. Kupezeka kwa munthu m’dothi, kumakhala ndi kulumikizana kwapadera kwapadera kwa mafilimu kwa mafilimu a foni ndi makompyuta omwe amalimbana nawo. Otsogolera ena a ku Japan ayesa kuimitsa ntchito yosonyeza kujambula, malonda, ndi kutsegulira, kusonyeza kuti luso la luso lakulenga lingakulitse ngakhale makampani 2D. Makampani a kuletsa kuyang'anira zinthu zamakono amakono.

Chiyambukiro cha Chikhalidwe ndi Chisonkhezero cha Dziko Lonse

Anime tsopano akusonyeza kukambitsirana kosalekeza pakati pa miyambo ya ku Japan ndi zisonkhezero za mitundu yonse. Masewera a ku America onga Atar: Last Airbender [1] Airbender poyera kuti adalemba story ndi zosimba, pamene ma holodiskodi a kumadzulo amalemba mobwerezabwereza ma ankchiza a Japan kapena maprojekiti opanga zinthu zimene zimagwirizanitsa malingaliro. Anthu apadziko lonse, okhala ndi mapepala othamanga ndi mitsinje, mawilo ndi mipatuko yosaikana zochitika m'maola ambiri a ndege ya Japan. Zimenezi zachititsa kufulumira kujambula mawu pakati pa makompyuta ndi omvetsera, ndipo zalimbikitsa kusimba nkhani zosiyanasiyana zimene zimapezeka m’mikhalidwe yonse.

Kusintha kwa mphamvu kumachitikanso: Opanga a ku Japan amatchula kwambiri zochitika za padziko lonse, nyimbo, ndi mitundu ya maso chifukwa amadziwa kuti omvera ali padziko lonse. Nkhaniyo yayamba kukhudzana ndi mafunso ovuta a makhalidwe, genre-bulle , ndi madenti amene amachititsa nyengo zonse. Kusintha kwa sayansi kuyambira pa kugawidwa kwa manambala kufika ku AI-pakati, nyimbo, ndi mitundu ya anthu chifukwa chakuti ikupitiriza kuchititsa zimene zili zotheka, koma mtima wopanga zinthu umakhala m'katswiri wa zinthu zimene zinayamba ndi fliv. Monga zipangizo zatsopano zopanga mainjini enieni ndi kupanga zinthu ndi kulumikizana ndi AIIM, chipangizochi chikhoza kulowanso m'kam'kam'kam'kam'ka, kukonzanso kachitidwe kake kake.