Chiyambukiro cha Filosofi ya Kumadzulo pa Anime: Kusintha kwa Ziphunzitso za Aristotle Kufikira ku Kusakhulupirira

Anime, kapangidwe ka maluso a ku Japan kotsatira zinthu zapadziko lonse, kamaloŵetsa mafunso ovuta a filosofi m'nkhani zake. Ngakhale kuti nzozikidwa kwambiri m'miyambo yachijapani, zambiri za nthano yosaiwalika zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nzeru za Kumadzulo . Kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha Aristotle mpaka ku vuto la tanthauzo lopezeka m’kukhalapo kwa zinthu ndi kutchuka kwa chinihilism. Chisonkhezero chimenechi sichimangochititsa chabe kujambula; chimapanga maaumbidwe, chimasonkhezera kutsutsana, ndi kukopa openyerera kutsimikizira kwambiri. M’nkhani ino, tipenda mmene malingaliro aakulu anthano a kumadzulo agwirizanitsidwira m’nkhani, ndi zitsanzo za mbiri zakale ndi zamakono.

Zimene Aristotle Anachita Potengera Mfundo Zokopa Anthu

Aristotle amathandiza kwambiri pa makhalidwe abwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masamu a katswiri ka zinthu. Chiphunzitso chake cha makhalidwe abwino, makamaka lingaliro la Zagolide , chimapereka chitsanzo cha makhalidwe abwino amene olenga ambiri amatengera mwadala kapena mwachibadwa. Makhalidwe abwino amayambira pakati pa upandu ndi kusasamala, mwachitsanzo.

• Aristotle akukhulupirira [[FL:0] kuti apezadimonia [1] (kukonda) kukhala chigawo cha ndandanda: zilembo sizingopambana nkhondo, zimapeza mkhalidwe wa kugwirizana kwa mtima.
• Nthenda Yagolide [ imawonekera m'zophophonya za makhalidwe zimene zimayengedwa pang'onopang'ono / kumasintha kunyada, kupundula kudziputa, kapena mkwiyo wosalamulirika [1] kufikira pamene umunthu wabwino ubuka.

Kukula kwa Khalidwe Loyenda Ulendo Wapatali

Talingalirani [[FLT: 0] Kudekha kwamphamvu ndi kutsimikiza mtima kwa Edward kufikira onse aŵiri atakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino. Abale a Elric amayang'anizana ndi ziyeso mobwerezabwereza zimene zimawakakamiza kulakalaka kwawo ndi kudzichepetsa, chikhumbo chawo cha chidziŵitso ndi chifundo. Alphonse ndi kulimba mtima kwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mnzake kufikira onse aŵiriwo atakhwima ku makhalidwe abwino. [[FLT:] Naruto, khalidwe lachibadwa limayamba kulamulira ndi kupitirirapo, kusakhulupirira, ndi kudalirana, ndipo pang'onong'onong'ono amaphunzira kulimba ndi kudzilamulira kumene kumalongosola mtsogoleri weniweni. Ngakhale kupenda koipa kwa Aristolitian: Kupweteka kwa mtendere mwa kuvutika, ndiko kutanthauza kupotopera chilungamo.

Masunamo ameneŵa amasonyeza kuumirira kwa Aristotle kuti makhalidwe abwino si achibadwa koma amakulitsidwa mwa kuzoloŵera ndi kusankha. Openyerera a animie amawona kuchedwa kwa makhalidwe, njira imene Aristotle adzazindikira monga kuthekera kwa kuthekera . Kuchoka ku chimene munthu ayenera kukhala.

Chiphunzitso cha Plato cha Phanga ndi Kufunafuna Choonadi

Plato’s Acted of the Bave [FLT :1], kuchokera ku [FLT , Republic , , imalongosola akaidi omangidwa m’phanga omwe amaphophonya mthunzi pa khoma kuti aone zenizeni. Pamene mkaidi mmodzi athaŵa ndi kuona dzuŵa, amazindikira chowonadi ndipo amasintha kosatha. Chithunzi chimenechi cha kutseguka ndi ulendo wopweteka wa chidziŵitso chenicheni chimayambukira ziwembu zambiri. Phanga limakhala njira ya manenanena zabodza, dziko lokhala lolamulidwa, kapena ngakhale kusokonezeka maganizo a munthu mwiniwake.

• Kaŵirikaŵiri otsutsa audani amadzuka kuchokera ku zenizeni zonyenga ndipo ayenera kulimbana ndi zotulukapo zosokoneza.
• Nkhani zonga Attack pa Titan [1] ndi Tsomero la imfa [[FLT: 3] Kufufuza miyalo ya choonadi, kupotoza, ndi mtengo wa makhalidwe a “kuwona kuunika.

Kuswa Unyolo: Choonadi ndi Mtengo Wake

Mu Attack pa Titan [1], Eren Yeager ndi anzake amayamba kuloŵa m'makoma, kulandira dziko monga momwe amauzidwa. Kutulukira kuti iwo ali ndende yosungidwa mosamalitsa yofanana ndi phanga; Titan, boma lachifumu, ndi zinsinsi za chipinda chapansi zonse zimatumikira monga mizu ya mthunzi. Ulendo wa Eren kutuluka m’phanga ndi kufunsa kwake kowopsa ngati chowonadi chokha chiri chomasula kapena chowononga. Nkhanizo zimafunsa: Mukaona dzuŵa, kodi mumachitanji ndi chidziŵitso chimenecho?

Tsogolo la Imfa limapotoza nthano. Light Yagami Apeza Chidziŵitso cha Imfa ndi kukhulupirira kuti wapulumuka moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, wokhala ndi mthunzi wapita ku chilungamo chapamwamba. Koma “choonadi chake ndicho chinyengo cha wamphamvuyonse, kumpangitsa kukhala wanthanthi wonyenga. Komabe, omvetsera amaitanidwa kuwona kupyola kulungamitsidwa kwake [1] a mametaena chitsanzo cha kuchoka m’phanga. Panthaŵiyi, wofufuzayo Lutlut londola choonadi popanda unyolo. Mphatime- ndi modabwitsa ndi wotchuka ndi wanthabwalanthauzira za .

Kukhalapo kwa Chidziŵitso ndi Nkhondo ya Munthu Mmodzi Kaamba ka Tanthauzo

Filosofi ya ualike, yoyambitsidwa ndi Søren Kierkegaard ndipo pambuyo pake yofotokozedwa ndi Paul Sartre ndi Albert Calm [1], imadalira pa ufulu wa munthu, thayo, ndi kufunafuna tanthauzo la chilengedwe chopanda chidwi. Aname amaika zilembo m'mikhalidwe imene amagwa ndi kukonza chifuno chawo. Wokhalako amanena kuti “kudziikira kutsogolo kwa chibadwa [1] amatanthauza kuti timaponyedwa m'dziko popanda ntchito zoikidwiratu ndipo tiyenera kudzimasulira ife eni kupyolera m’ntchito.

• Neon Genesis Evangelion ndi chizindikiro: Kupunduka kwa Shinji Ikari ndipo pomalizira pake kusankha kuyendetsa ndege Eva kumasonyeza kulemera kwa ufulu komwe kulipo.
• Cowboy Bebop[FL:1] imapereka zopinga zovutitsa zokhala ndi mbiri yawo, zokakamizika kukhala ndi moyo ndi zotulukapo za zosankha zawo m'chilengedwe chimene sichimapereka chitonthozo cha chilengedwe.

Ufulu, Kupsa Mtima, ndi Chikhulupiriro Choipa

Sartre anafotokoza chikhulupiriro choipa [[FLT: 0] monga kukana kuvomereza ufulu wa munthu, kupatsa mlandu mikhalidwe yopeŵera thayo. Mu Evision , Shinji mobwerezabwereza amayesa kuthaŵa chosankha, kuyanjana ndi moyo. Mfuu yake yotchuka ya “Ndiyenera kuthaŵa! Ndinkhondo yolimbana ndi chikhulupiriro choipa, koma imaonetsa kuti kunyenga kwake. Chikhoterero cha munthu aliyense payekha, ndicho kukana ufulu weniweni womwe ulipo.

M' Cowbop [FLT , Kulimbana komaliza kwa Spiegel ndi mbiri yake ndi nthaŵi ya Sartrean: iye amasankha kuchitapo kanthu ngakhale kudziŵa kuti kungakhale kupha, chifukwa chakuti kusachita zimenezi kungakhale kukana kudalirika kwake. Mzera wankhani wa , “Inu muli ndi kulemera kumeneko,” akubwerezanso lingaliro lakuti tili ndi ufulu ndipo tiyenera kusankha tokha popanda chiyembekezo cha kudzipha.

Kulimbana ndi Vuto la Kugonana

Chinihilism [1] lingaliro lakuti moyo ulibe tanthauzo lenileni, chifuno, kapena phindu, ndilo msuwani wapamtima wa kukhaliratu koma kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera ku kutaya mtima mmalo mwa kachitidwe kopindulitsa. Aname sanasunthidwe kuchoka ku malo amdima ameneŵa. Pamene anthu apeza kuti zikhulupiriro zawo zokondedwa kwambiri zinali zopanda pake, iwo amayang'anizana ndi phompho imene ingawaswe kapena, nthaŵi zina, imakhala maziko a dongosolo la kapindulidwe katsopano, kodzipangira.

• Milingo ya kupima ya Lain [1] imasokoneza malire pakati pa zinthu zamakono ndi zenizeni, kukayikira kuti munthu ali ngati chinthu chosasintha.
• Texthnolyze imalingalira mzinda wakufa kumene zilembo zimayang'anizana ndi kupanda pake kwa kupita patsogolo kwa tekinoloji ndi kuyesayesa kwa anthu.

Luso la Umisiri, Kusokonezeka kwa Zinthu, ndi Kutha kwa Tanthauzo

Lain [FLT :1] protagonist imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono mu foni, khofi imene imachotsa malire pakati pa munthu ndi mtsinje wa chidziŵitso. Nkhanizo zimapereka lingaliro lakuti ngati ubongo ungasinthidwe ndi kugawidwa, lingaliro lokondedwa la munthu wapadera . ndi matanthauzo ake ogwirizana ndi ilo. Ndilo kusinkhasinkha pa nihilism kaamba ka nyengo ya ndandanda ya manambala, kumene kuchulukitsa chidziŵitso kumatsitsa tanthauzo.

Mu Madoka Magica , mtsikana wamatsenga amakonzedwa kupyolera mwa diso lachionitala: dongosolo la chiyembekezo ndi kuthedwa nzeru limadzivumbula monga chitseko chimene kuyesayesa kulikonse kumafafaniza. Nzeru ya Kyubey imaimira chilengedwe chonse chosasamala konse za kuvutika kwa anthu. Komabe kachitidwe komaliza kachisonyezeroko kamasintha tanthauzo mwa nsembe yowopsa, kupereka yankho losinthasintha: nihilism imavomerezedwa koma samavomerezedwa kwenikweni monga liwu lomalizira.

Chistoiki ndi Kulekerera Maganizo

Pamene kuli kwakuti kukhalapo kwa zinthu ndi chinihilizimu kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhalapo kwambiri, nthanthi ya Stoiki . ndi kugogomezera kwake mtendere wamkati, kulamulira kwa malingaliro, ndi kuvomereza kwake choikidwiratu . Chistoiki, chikuwonekanso m’zodziŵika za Zeno wa Citium, imaphunzitsa kuti zochitika zakunja sizingatheke kwa ife, koma ziweruzo zathu ndi zochita zathu nthaŵi zonse zimakhala zokhoza kulamuliridwa ndi ife. Lingaliro limeneli limamveka ndi malingaliro a Samurai ndipo lingagwirizane mwachibadwa ndi zisonkhezero za chiBuddha.

• Mu Ruruuni Kenshin [1], lumbiro la munthu wa lupanga woyendayenda la kusaphanso likusonyeza chilango cha Stoiki cha kutumiza zisonkhezero zachiwawa ku utumiki wotetezera.
• Berk Magut apirira kupsinjika maganizo kosayerekezereka koma akupitirizabe, akumakhala ndi mawu a Stoiki akukhala mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe [1] chibadwa chake nchosatha kupulumuka.

Kupirira ndi Kulamulira

Mu Vinland Saga [1] , kusintha kwa Thorfinn kuchokera ku msilikali wobwezera ndi kufunafuna dziko latsopano kufunafuna ntchito ya Stoiki yosonyeza zikhumbo zowononga ku zifuno zabwino. Amaphunzira kuti ufulu weniweni sukhala polamulira ena koma podziŵa maganizo ake.

Kulamulira kwa Nietzsche

Malingaliro a munthu amene akudzilamulira yekha Nietzsche akhala ochititsa chidwi kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Lingaliro la ○bermensch [1] ] . Munthu wodzikweza amene amapanga makhalidwe ake enieni kuposa makhalidwe a makolo, amawonekera kaŵirikaŵiri, mopotozedwa kapena mochenjera. Chifuniro cha mphamvu, kubwereranso kwamuyaya, ndi imfa ya Mulungu imapereka mphamvu zazikulu za , ulamuliro wankhanza, ndi kusintha.

• Tsogolo la Imfa Light Yagami imadziona monga ○bermensch amene angapereke chiweruzo pa dziko, koma amakhala kapolo wa mulungu wake.
• Attack pa Titan [1] Eren Yeager, m'mbali zomalizira, achita nkhalwe kutetezera ufulu wa anthu ake, kudzutsa funso: Kodi kufika podzigonjetsa kumakhala pati?

○ Zolephera ○bermensch ndi Kubwerera Kosatha

Kuloŵa kwa kuunika m'magazi kwa Nietzsche kumasonyeza chenjezo lakuti ○bermensch ayenera kugonjetsa osati kokha makhalidwe akunja komanso mphamvu zapamkati. Kuunika sikumakayikira phindu la chonulirapo chake; iye akungoukakamiza. Mosiyana ndi, Master [1] Kulimbana kwa Johan Liebert kumayesa mokangalika malire a chinihilism, chikuoneka ngati kuti chikufuna kulamulira popanda kuvomereza chilengedwe, mphamvu yowononga. Nietzs angapende zonse ziŵirizo kukhala zongopeka, zogwidwa m’njira.

Mu Agigi Madoka Magica , yankho la Homura lobwerezabwereza lobwerezabwereza mawu a Nietzsche la muyaya : ngati mukanakhala ndi moyo wanu muumoyo, kodi mungatsimikize kuti ndi yankho lopanda pake? Homura ndilo “inde" kupulumutsa Madoka, koma kuvomereza kwake kuli ndi mtengo watsoka, kufunsa ngati chosankhacho chiridi kulimbitsa moyo kapena kungobwerezabwereza mawu.

Albert Camus ndi Absurd Hero ku Anime

Nthanthi ya Albert Camus ya kupanda nzeru . kulimbana pakati pa kulakalaka tanthauzo kwa mtundu wa anthu ndi kusalankhula kwa chilengedwe ndi malo okhala achilengedwe m’chida cha nyumbu. Ngwazi yopusa imazindikira mpata umenewu ndi zipandukiro mwa kukhala ndi moyo waubwenzi, ufulu, ndi kupanduka popanda kukopa. Sisypus, kutsendereza chikopa chake kwamuyaya, ndiko chitsanzo: munthu ayenera kuyerekezera Sisypus kukhala wachimwemwe.

• Spiegel mu [FLT: 0] Cowboy Bebop ndi ngwazi yopanda pake: podziŵa bwino lomwe kuti moyo wake wakale sungapeŵedwe ndipo tsogolo lake mosakaikira liribe tanthauzo, iye amanyamulabe kulemera kwake mwa njira ndi kunyoza.
• [[MLT:0] Psycho 100 [[FT:1] maso a Shigeo Kageyama amalaka mphamvu ya kutha kwa mizimu ndi kusokonezeka maganizo koma mobwerezabwereza amasankha kudziwongolera mu nyukiliya, ntchito yachete ya Sisyphea.

Kupanduka, Ufulu, ndi Kuyenda

Mu Munthu mmodzi [Asayansi], kunyong'onyeka kwa Saitama komwe kulipo pambuyo pokhala wosagonjetseka kuli kupanda nzeru kwenikweni: mphamvu yotheratu yapangitsa moyo wake kukhala wopanda nkhondo, ndipo chotero tanthauzo. Kupambana kwake kuli kochepa posunga tsiku kuposa kupeza chitokoso chimene chidzampangitsa iye kukhala wamoyo. Iye anagwirizanitsa chivuto cha ngwazi chopanda pake: Chimachitika nchiyani pamene boulder siikulemeranso? Kuyankha kwa mayezo kumakhala kopitirizabe, kupeza chimwemwe chaching'ono m’moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mdyerekezi Crybaby [FLT :1] amatsutsa mosamveka ku malire ake. Akira Fudo akulimbana ndi ziwanda ndi nkhanza zaumunthu, podziŵa kuti chikondi chingakhale chopanda pake. Komabe kaimidwe kake , kuvomereza kwake komaliza kwatsoka, ndi kachitidwe ka kupandukira chilengedwe chopanda chilungamo. Masewerawo akusonkhezera openyerera kuyang'anizana ndi kuthekerako kosapezeka m’chilakiko koma m’kachitidwe ka kuima nji pa zimene munthu amakhulupirira, ngakhale kuyang'anizana ndi kusoloka.

Chitsanzo chamakono ndi Kuzindikiridwa Kwake

Filosofi yamakono, ndi kukayikira kwake nkhani zazikulu, kutsimikizirika, ndi chowonadi chotsimikizirika, yasonkhezera kupenda zimene zimagaŵidwa ndi zenizeni zosinjirira ndi zosadalirika. Oyang'anira onga Satoshi Kon apambana m'mlengalenga muno, kupanga ntchito kumene malire pakati pa loto ndi kudzuka, iyemwini ndi zina, nthano ndi zenizeni zimasungunula. Nkhani zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsutsa malingaliro a wopenyerera, zikumasonyeza simulacra kapena Jacques Derrida’s decultura.

• Paprika imasokoneza maloto ndi zenizeni, kufunsa kuti “inde n’chiyani" ndi kufooketsa lingaliro la chizindikiritso chosasintha.
• Andernti ya Paranoia imafufuza chinyengo, kugwedeza kwa mawailesi, ndi kudzikonza monga zomangira zogaŵanika.

Malo Opangika

Mu .GOffat mu Chigoba [[FLT: 1], Major Motoko Kusanagi kukhalapo ndi kusinkhasinkha kwa “chinthu cha magetsi” (umboni) mkati mwa chigoba (thupi) imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi chizindikiro chamakono. Pamene zikumbukiro zingadulidwe ndi matupi kuloŵedwa m’malo, imakhala lingaliro la madzi. Nkhanizo zimafunsa kaya malire pakati pa munthu ndi makina, munthu ndi a foni, si nthano ya . Chiganizo cha Peppeteer cha kugaŵikana ndi kugaŵikana kwa kakhalidwe kamakono: kuvomereza zenizeni zopasuka ndi kupanga chizindikiritso chatsopano, chizindikiritso chochuluka.

Ulusi wa Kummaŵa ndi Kumadzulo kwa Filosofi

Mphamvu yapadera ya Anime siiri kokha kuloŵetsamo nthanthi Zakumadzulo koma kugwirizanitsa iyo ndi miyambo ya ku Eastern . Shinto aimism, chipani cha Chibuddha, ulamuliro wa Confucian. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumayambitsa mkhalidwe wa filosofi wochititsa chidwi kwa anthu padziko lonse. Kudzigangira kwa munthu payekha kumawombana ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa Kummaŵa, kuyambitsa chipwirikiti chachikulu. Mkhalidwe ungalondole chikhumbo chaumwini (Netzscheanschean kapena kukhalako) pamene ukulimbana ndi ntchito za banja, chilengedwe, kapena chitaganya (Iconuclivie kapena Budism).

• Mu Kukula kwa Chihiro kukhala udindo woyang'anira njira ya Aristotle, koma dziko limene amayendera nlozama pa ulemu wa mizimu ndi kutsazikira zinthu zonse.
• Dzina Lanu (KIMI Kulibe Na wa) [1] imasinthanitsa thupi ndi kusokonezeka kwa maganizo Achibuda ndi kuikidwiratu ndi kulakalaka, zonsezo pamene zilembo zimachita chosankha cha kukhalapo.

Pamene Dziko Likumana: Chiphunzitso Chatsopano Chofotokoza Zinthu Mwanzeru

Kuipitsa kumeneku kungatulutse mawu apadera a makhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, Mushishi [1] Dzikolo limene anthu amakhala ndi maluso achinsinsi otchedwa mushi. Protagonist Ginko sapambana chilengedwe koma amabwezeretsa kulingana kwa kuvomereza kwa Stoyiku, kugaŵikana kwa Chibuda, ndi malamulo a za moyo wa munthu. Chizindikirocho sichimasankha oweruza, kukonda ndi kuzindikira. Chili ngati kuti Aristotle pihronis (nzeru yeniyeni) imagwirizana ndi kulingana kwa chivomerezo cha Sythovies.

Kufunitsitsa kwa Anime kugwirizanitsa miyambo kumaipanga kukhala kofufuzira kwa nthanthi. Ideas samangotembenuzidwa koma amasinthidwa; amalankhula panthaŵi imodzi ndi chidziŵitso chamwambo chosiyana kwambiri. Kwa wopenyerera wapadziko lonse, zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti mafunso a filosofi ali ponseponse, ngakhale ngati mawu ophiphiritsawo amasiyana.

Kumaliza

Kukhalapo kwa filosofi ya Kumadzulo m'chikombole sindiko mawu amtsinde a maphunziro apamwamba , ndi mbali ya moyo, yopuma ya DNA yosimba za wobwebweta. Kuyambira pa kujambula kwake makhalidwe, kufikira phanga la Plato loumba dziko lonse, ku kukhalako kwa zinthu, chinihilizimu, ndi kutsutsa kwa Nietzsche miyambo yonse, nthano zogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi kuyambitsa nkhani za malingaliro ndi ukulu wa nzeru. Kuwonjezera kwa Stoikia, kupetsa, ndi kupeka kwamakono kumasonyeza mmene kutukukira ndi kutengera zinthu.

Kodi nchiyani chimene chimapangitsa kuti antimie kukhala yosiyana ndi nthanthi yakuyansi sindiko kukhulupirika kwake ku sukulu imodzi koma kugwirizanitsa kwake kosaopa kwa malingaliro a Kummaŵa ndi Kumadzulo. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumachititsa nkhani zimene zimalephera kuikidwa bwino ndi kupitirizabe kudzutsa, kutonthoza, ndi kusakhazikika. Malinga ngati olenga a a aimime akulimbana ndi mafunso aakulu. Kodi chimatanthauzanji kukhala wabwino, kukhala womasuka, kukhala weniweni?

Kwa openyerera, kukhala ndi mafilosofi ameneŵa kumawonjezera chidziŵitsocho kupyola pa zosangulutsa, kumasanduliza mpambo wa nkhani kukhala kukambitsirana, kuputana popenda zikhulupiriro za munthu mwini.