Ojambula a m’nthano ochepa asintha kwambiri mawu a mawonekedwe ofotokoza za chikhalidwe cha anthu monga Astro Boy. Choyamba kuchokera ku nzeru ya Osamu Tezuka mu 1952, robot mnyamata wa mtima wofatsa ndi wogwira ntchito yothamanga anasintha kwambiri kuposa kungosangalatsa . adasintha mawu a nkhani za mawonekedwe akusimba za maluso ndi zopanda pake. Dzina lake la Japan, Tetsuwan Athom, lotanthauza “Mighty Atom,” akuthetsa kudabwitsa kwakukulu kwa kukhalapo kwake: mphamvu yaikulu ya luso la zopanga zinthu zamakono yogwirizana ndi moyo wopanda liwongo, wa munthu. Ulendo wa nkhondo wa Japan kunka ku malo onse a dziko lapansi kutsogolo, kutembenuza munthu ndi kutembenuza anthu a mitundu yonse ya anthu ndi kutchuka. ATroy adapitirizanso kupenda luso la zamakono, koma osafufuza za sayansi la zamakono, kuti apitirizebe kuyang'ana zamakono.

Masomphenya a Osamu Tezuka

Kuti munthu amvetse tanthauzo la Astro Boy, choyamba ayenera kuzindikira mwamuna wa kumbuyo kwa chitsulo. Osamu Tezuka, yemwe kaŵirikaŵiri amatchedwa “mulungu wa manga,” anali dokotala, wojambula, ndi wokonda kwambiri mafilimu. Anakula m’maganizo a nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse ndipo anapulumuka kuphulika kwa Osaka. Chokumana nachocho chinampangitsa kulemekeza kwambiri moyo ndi kutsimikiza kuti luso la zopangapangapanga, ngati litsogozedwa ndi chifundo, lingakhale mphamvu yochiritsa mmalo mwa kuwononga. Tezuka anasintha zikhulupiriro zimenezo kukhala bungwe lalikulu la ntchito, koma sanatengeponso maganizo ake a dziko lonse lapansi kuposa Astro Boy.

Chithunzi choyamba cha Tezuka cha Astro Boy chinatulukira monga kuvomereza dala nyengo ya atomu. M’dziko limene linaona kuwonongedwa kwa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, atomu inaonedwa mofala kukhala chida chowononga. Mwakupanga mphamvu ya atomu yomwe inagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake kutetezera ofooka, Tezuka anayalanso nkhani. Iye adapanga makina ake opanga progaloni ndi kuchuluka kwa mtima [1] chisangalalo, chisoni, chikondi, kukwiya, kutsutsa lingaliro lakuti makina anali zipangizo zopanda moyo. Kuphatikiza mfundo za sayansi ndi sewero ya munthu kunayala njira yochitira zinthu zambiri zosimba nkhani zamakono za ku Japan ndi kukhazikitsa chikalata cha Tezuka: Kufufuza kwapamwamba kwa anthu.

Kusintha kwa Chisinthiko kwa Manga

Pamene Astro Boy manga [1] mu Shōnen Magazine mu 1952, adadumpha kuchokera ku zidutswa zopepuka za jag zimene zinalamulira kujambula panthaŵiyo. Tezuka adakopa maluso a kanema amene anakhumbira kuchokera ku Walt Disney ndi Azungu opanga mafilimu , ma flue, madendeksi a makamera, ma montage, ndi mizere yolimba ya kujambula pepala laing'ono. Zimenezi zinapanga lingaliro la kuyenda ndi kufulumira kwa malingaliro kumene kunali kofanana ndi kuwonerera kanema kuposa kuŵerenga buku. Nkhani yosimbayo inaikidwa, ndi mizere yotsagana imene inalembedwa monga malo osiyanasiyana monga ufulu wa osungirako, kuwonongeka, ndi kusagwirizana kwa anthu andale zadziko, ndi kufalikira kwa anthu.

Ku Japan, mpambowo unayambitsa kuphulika kwa zinthu. A Astro Boy, manga anaonedwa kwambiri kukhala zosangalatsa za ana zotayidwa. Tezuka anasonyeza kuti njirayi ikhoza kuchirikiza nkhani zovuta ndi nkhani zowopsa, kukopa wachinyamata ndi kuwerenga kwa achikulire. Kupambana kwake kunayambitsa “magilasi , yomwe pambuyo pake idzakhala yotchuka, nkhani zambiri zotchuka za dziko tsopano zogwirizana ndi masewero a Chijapani. M'mayiko ambiri, mabaibulo a Astro Boy anasewera m'misika yachijapani, yomwe sinali yokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Japan, ndipo mwabata inayala maziko a anthu a padziko lonse a m'ma 1900.

Chiyeso cha 1963: Choyamba cha Padziko Lonse

Ngati manga anabza mbewu, mpambo wa wailesi yakanema wosangalatsa umene unayambitsidwa mu 1963 unasintha Astro Boy kukhala nthumwi ya dziko lonse. Yopangidwa ndi Tezuka’s Mushi Production studio, mpambo wa maseŵero akuda ndi oyera umakhala ndi malo amodzi m'mbiri. Inali programu yoyamba yachijapani yoonetsapo zaumaliseche ya ku America, kutulutsa ndi kuyambitsa ana a Kumadzulo ku mtundu wa kusinkhuka umene unali wotchuka ndi wotchuka kwambiri kuposa sewero. Audiences anakumana ndi katswiri wa progon amene anakumanapo ndi mavuto amakhalidwe, analira m’chikondi, analira kutayikiridwa ndi mabwenzi, ndipo analimbana ndi kutchuka kwake monga wopanga maroboti aakulu ndi omenyana.

Fakitale ya dziko lonse inali yosachitika mwangozi. Tezuka ankakhulupirira kuti makampani ankatha kupambana malire a zinenero, ndipo adakambirana za makampani amene anabweretsa Astro Boy ku [FLT: 0] maiko oposa makumi anayi. Ku Ulaya, Latin America, ndi mbali zina za Asia, makina aang'ono anakhala dzina lapanyumba. M’madera ambiri, iye anali woyamba wa anthu a Asteroe adawapezapo, ndipo kulandiridwa kotentha kwa zitseko za pambuyo pake monga Drackr, Giganor, ndipo pomalizira pake maindasitale onse omwe tikudziŵa lerolino. Zomwe zinali, kuchitika , chikhalidwe cha kumaiko otchuka omwe anaonetsa kuti apwizirako dziko la Japan.

Maluso Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mayeso Amene Anasintha Makampani

Kufikira kwa Mushi Productionion kunakakamizidwa, mbali ina, ndi zopinga za bajeti. Kulephera kulingana ndi mafupi a disney a servey pa framet imodzi, Tezuka ndi gulu lake anawongolera njira yodziŵika monga yochepa. Anagwiritsanso ntchito maseŵero, kuima , kuima ndi kuima kwa mizere yokulira, ndi kudalira pa kulinganiza kwamphamvu kwa kawonekedwe ka thupi ndi kukonza zinthu zosonkhezera mtima mmalo mwa madzi, mamesewero-ma. Chomwe chinayamba kukhala chofunikira kukhala chopeka ndi kulinganiza kwa zinthu, kuwongolera kwa kakhalidwe, ndi kujambula kwa maso, kutsimikizira kuti malo aang'ono ozoloŵera, ndi mawu owonjezera pa programu ya mlungu.

Chifaniziro chimenechi chinasonkhezera pafupifupi malo ochitira mayeso onse a ku Japan. Chotsatirapo cha Maketi atsopano Gundam , Dragon Ball, ndi Sailor Moon onse adagwiritsira ntchito kusiyanasiyana kwa maluso ochepetsedwa, kugwiritsira ntchito maluso ankhondo ndi madeko ochititsa kulimba kwambiri kukweza kupsinjika popanda kufuna zithunzi zatsopano panyengo iliyonse. Chotero choloŵa cha Astro Boy sichimangidwa m'zokha za a anime komanso m'kutulutsa kwake kwenikweni DNA. Kuyendetsa bwino kwa nzeru, kuphatikizapo kudzipereka kusimba nkhani, kutheketsa maindasitale kukwera pa mlingo wa ntchito zapadziko lonse zojambula.

Maziko Anzeru ndi Anzeru

Pansi pa ntchito yake yamphamvu, Astro Boy adalimbana mosalekeza ndi mafunso aakulu a makhalidwe. Mnyamata wapakati [1] roboti anakanidwa ndi mlengi wake ndi kuyesayesa kupeza chivomerezo m'dziko limene limamwopa kaŵirikaŵiri . imasamalira nkhaŵa za gulu lililonse lopatuka pamene ikuyembekezeranso dziko lenileni lonena za luntha ndi nzeru zopeka ndi nzeru za makina. Malo ake anafufuza ngati maloboti akakhala ndi miyoyo, mmene anthu ayenera kuonera makina otchuka, ndi malire a makhalidwe a sayansi. M'ma 1960, mitu yankhani yotero inali yosamveka m’kujambula ana.

Tezuka anaumirira kuti asunge malingaliro ameneŵa, chifukwa cha chiyambi chake cha zamankhwala ndi nzeru zake zaumunthu. Sanaone sayansi monga cholinga chake chokha koma monga chida chimene chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi chifundo. Kukana kwa Astroro Boy kuvulaza anthu, ngakhale pamene anampereka, sikunali msonkhano wachidule wa zithunzi zojambulidwa; chinali mwambo wamakhalidwe umene unaitana achichepere kulingalira za kulemera kwa zosankha zawo za makhalidwe abwino. Pambuyo pake monga Globan Evangelion, Neon Evangelion, ndipo ngakhale zotulutsidwa za Kumadzulo zonga The Iroian Giant ali ndi ngongole ku Astro By. Nkhaniyo inafunsa, “Kodi chimatanthauzanji?

Kukonzanso Manga Padziko Lonse

A Astro Boy, msika wa makomiki wapadziko lonse unalamuliridwa ndi mabukhu a zokopa za Amerika a helie ndi Franco-Belgian. Manga anali wosadziŵika kwenikweni kunja kwa Japan. Kusintha koyamba ndi matembenuzidwe, ngakhale kuli tero, kunatsimikizira kuti panali chikhumbo cha kusimba nkhani zachijapani. Ofalitsa ku France ndi Italy, kuzindikira kukopa kowonekera kwa luso la Tekaka, anayamba kutulutsa mavoliyumu otembenuzidwa, ndipo kagulu kochepa koma kodzipereka kanakula. Mpakeka pomalizira pake kanafutukulidwa kukhala kuukira kwa onse kwa mamanga a mu 1990 ndi 2000, pamene maina onga Aki, Naruto, ndi One Pace anakhala otchuka padziko lonse.

Ngakhale mapangidwe a manga amakono ali ndi mbali zambiri za Tezuka. Kutenga kwake zilembo zazikulu zokhala ndi zilembo [1] luso limene anabwereka kwa Disney kuti apereke zizindikiro za nkhope zokongola . Chinakhala muyezo wa makampani amene amalongosola kukongola kwa shōnen ndi shōjon. Kujambula kwake kunayambitsabe nkhani zachilendo zolembedwa m’malemba osiyanasiyana. Pamene olenga amakono alankhula za “masewero, [1] kaŵirikaŵiri amabwerezanso maluso a Tezuka anasintha zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri apita. Chiyambukirocho chimafalikira kupyola Japan; akatswiri ojambula zinthu ndi ojambulajambula ndi ojambula a ku America akhalabe olemba zithunzi za anthu olemba ndi olemba nyimbo ayamba kujambula ndi kujambula, ndipo amaimba zinenero zapadziko lonse, zomwe zimapanga chinenero chotchuka.

Mwana Wam’ng’ono Wobadwa Nawo Monga Mtetezo Wothandiza Kukula kwa Chizungu

Makampani a Amime amakono monga malonda apadziko lonse a mabiliyoni ambiri angapezedwe mwachindunji kuchokera ku mawailesi a Astro Boy a dziko lonse. Kupambana kwa mpambo wa 1963 kunasonyeza kuti maluso a ku Japan angapikisane ndi maprogramu apanyumba m'misika monga United States ndi Yuropu. Inachititsanso chidwi kwa opereka ndalama ndi oulutsa mawu amene poyamba anachotsapo nthanthi yachidwi. M'zaka makumi zotsatira, njira ya Astro Boy inasonyezedwa ndi mapulogalamu ena mazana ambiri, aliyense akupindula ndi mapaipi ogaŵira ndi kuonera zabwino zimene makina aang'onowo adapanga.

Pofika nthaŵi imene Studio Ghibli ndi mafilimu a kumapeto kwa usiku wa kumadzulo anayamba kugonjetsa oonerera aluso ndi nyumba za kumadzulo, maziko anali atakhazikitsidwa kalekale. Alendo achichepere omwe anakulira akuonerera zochitika zotchedwa Astro Boy pawailesi yakanema tsopano anali achikulire omwe anali ndi ndalama zotayidwa ndi chikondi cha pa mayeso a ku Japan. Magulu, misonkhano, ndi amalonda apadera apadera anapangadi bwalo lamwambo lanthanthi [1] otchuka kwambiri kuyang'ana zilizonse za ku Japan, kaya anali Pokémon, Studie Ghiblies Spiried Ode, kapena Evangelionfraise. M’kayi wa Astroboy, sanali wotchuka; anali wotchuka, wotchuka, ndipo anali wotchuka, wotchuka.

Kusintha Chikhalidwe ndi Kulandiridwa kwa Mtanda

Astro Boy anali wosiyana ndi madera ena. Magulu a anthu a m’deralo ankasintha dzina la kalembedwe kawo, kulankhulana, ndiponso ngakhale zigamulo za malo amene akugwirizana ndi maganizo a chigawo. Ku United States, iye anakhala Astro Boy ndipo adakhala ngati woyendetsa mlengalenga, pamene kumisika ina mafilosofi anagogomezeredwa. Kusintha kumeneku kunayambitsa makambitsirano oyambirira onena za zimene zatayika [1] ndipo kunathandiza kumasulira , mkangano umene ukupitirizabe kugwirizanitsa dziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chikalata cha Astro Boy chinakhalabe chodalirika: ngwazi yaing'ono yokhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu ndi kudzipereka kosagwedera kuti achite chinthu cholondola.

Kulandira kwa masewerowo ku Middle East, Southeast Asia, ndi Latin America kumasonyezanso mmene mphamvu ya Japani yofewa inali kuloŵerera kale kwambiri mawuwo asanakhale mawu omveka. Ku Saudi Arabia ndi maiko ena a ku Gulf, otchedwa matembenuzidwe a Astro Boy oulutsidwa kwa anthu achangu, kutumikira monga mlatho woyambirira pakati pa chikhalidwe cha Japan ndi oonerera Aluya. Ku Brazil ndi Mexico, mpambowo unandithandiza kulinganiza lingaliro lakuti zithunzithunzi za mafilimu zikhoza kukhala zosintha maganizo ndi zodzutsa nzeru, zikumasintha njira ya Animaluya aakulu a Latin America omwe akufalikira lerolino.

Kusintha Zinthu, Kukonzanso Zinthu, ndi Kufutukuka kwa Zinthu Zotchuka

Mkhalidwe wa moyo wautali wa Tezuka ndi kufunitsitsa kubwereranso ndi kutumiza Astro Boy kudutsa m'manyuzipepala osiyanasiyana. Nkhani za pa TV zosiyanasiyana zinayambika mu 1980, kukonzanso maluso a mavidiyo pamene akusunga mfundo za makhalidwe oyambirira. Nkhani yachitatu mu 2003, yopangidwa ndi Tezuka Productations ndi Sony Pictures Studios Japan, inagwiritsa ntchito masamu a masamu ndi mawu akuda kuti iyambitsenso nkhani ya mbadwo wokulira pa Intaneti yogwirizana ndi kuwonjezera mavidiyo ovuta kwambiri. Filimu ya American CGI Astro Boy, yopangidwa ndi Ima Filigi Studios ndi kuonetsa mawu ngati Nicolage ndi Charlton, inaimira kusintha kwa mitundu yonse, ngakhale kuti inalandira kutsutsana kwa kutembenuza kwa vidiyo kosiyanasiyana kwa Seka.

Pambuyo pa wailesi yakanema ndi filimu, Astro Boy wawonekera mu masewera a vidiyo osaŵerengeka, maseŵero a pa siteji, ndi makampani otsatsa malonda . Iye anaikidwa monga kazembe wapadera wa 2020 wa Olympics za Tokyo (pambuyo pake adachitidwa mu 20211, mbali imene inasonyeza kukhala kwake chizindikiro cha dziko la mtendere wa zokhumba za sayansi za Japan. Kusintha kwasintha kumeneku kwalola khalidwelo kukhalabe loyenerera pamene likutumikiranso monga chitsulo cha mbiri yakale. Kusintha kulikonse kwatsopano kumagwira ntchito monga kusimba kwa kumanja kwa kumanja ndi kwa poyamba, kusonyeza mmene zithunzithunzi za maziko zingasinthire popanda kutayikiridwa.

Kugulitsa, Kubala Mwazi, ndi Kuyambika kwa Malonda Aumunthu

Kale kwambiri Pokémon kapena Halo Kitty asanawongoletse luso la kugulitsa zinthu, Astro Boy anasonyeza kuthekera kwa malonda a munthu wokondedwa. Mushi Prodution analola chiwonkhetso cha zoseŵeretsa, zovala, malo oimizira, ndi zakudya, kupanga kente ya “msanganizo wa mameseji” njira zimene tsopano zimasonkhezera chuma cha Japan. Astro Boy . Zidutswa zosaiwalika, nsapa, ndi mawu otsimikiza.

Masiku ano, Astro Boy akugulitsabe, kuyambira pa mayanjano a opanga zinthu apamwamba mpaka kusonkhanitsa ziboliboli zimene zimakopa achikulire otchuka. Kulemba kwa munthu wopanga mapepalawo kumakhala ndi kulemera kwapadera: akuimira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokongola ndi kulakalaka, kumpangitsa kukhala wokongola mofananamo m'fashoni, kutsatsa malonda, ndi zosangulutsa za ana. Kupambana kwa chuma kumeneku kwachititsa Tezuka Productes kuyang'anira kulenga kwake, kutsimikizira kuti ngakhale zinthu zamalonda zikhale ndi lingaliro la kuwona mtima kwa wojambula zinthu zimene mudapangayo akuona.

Mibadwo Yabwino Kwambiri ya Angelo

Mndandanda wa ojambulawo amene amatchula Astro Boy ndi Osamu Tezuka monga kuuziridwa kwakukulu umafanana ndi amene ali ndi chikhalidwe chamakono cha pop. Manga amalenga ntchito yaupainiya ya Tezuka. Urasawa’Pluto, makamaka, ndi kuwinda kwachindunji kwa chimodzi cha Astrobacke, kusintha munthu mmodzi wakupha chinsinsi chimene chimapenda zotsatirapo za nkhondo, nzeru yongopeka, ndi moyo wa anthu. Munthu wotchuka kwambiri wa dziko lonse lapansi anapambanapo.

Pochita mafanizo, chisonkhezerocho nchofalikira. A Hayao Miyazaki, pamene nthaŵi zambiri amadziona kukhala woloŵa mmalo mwa wophunzira mwachindunji, anatengera kwambiri malo ozungulira Tezuka. Lingaliro lakuti filimu yojambula ingathe kujambula zithunzi zamphamvu za mtima ndi zachilengedwe zagona kwambiri pa njira ya Astroro Boyn. Olenga a ku Western adatengera maphunziro ameneŵa. Chisonkhezerocho chingamveke m'kufufuza kwa Pixar kwa malingaliro kwa anthu osakhala anthu, kuchokera ku makina a Willal-E ku ku Luz Low Year kukafika ku tsoka la . Pamene Irobian’s Giant akunena kuti “Supman, iye akutulutsa malingaliro a A Byrod Byd" zaka makumi asanu ndi theka: Chikhumbo cha kutchuka, chiwomwe chingakhale chopanda mphamvu ya kubadwa.

Kusungidwa ndi Kuvomerezedwa ndi Akatswiri

M’zaka makumi angapo aposachedwapa, Astro Boy wachoka ku zosangulutsa zotchuka kupita ku malo a maphunziro a maphunziro ndi malo osungira zinthu za m'mabwinja. Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum ku Takaraka mu Takarazuka, Japan, amasunga zithunzi zoyambirira, zithunzi zojambula, ndi zipangizo zopangira zinthu, kukopa ofufuza kuchokera ku dziko lonse. Kukopa ku mabungwe onga ngati British Museum ndi Asian Art Museum ku San Francisco kwachititsa Tezuka kukhala ndi ntchito yake m'mbiri ya zojambulajambula, kupenda mmene chinenero chake chimasinthira kuchokera ku Spenia, ski - true-sclet , ndi zithunzithunzi za ku Western.

Buku la akatswiri lafufuza Astro Boy kudzera m'malensi a malens a pambuyo pa kutsata boma, techno-oralist , ndi chuma cha nyuzi. Nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsira ntchito monga kufufuza nkhani za mmene dziko la Japan linayambiranso kudziko lake pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II mwa kuona malo a utsogoleri wamtendere wa luso la zopangapanga. Kuchotsa kwa adokotala ndi nkhani zoonedwa ndi ausinkhu wawo kumatsutsa makhalidwe abwino oikidwa m'nkhanizo, pamene akatswiri a mbiri yakale amapenda kusinthika kwa khalidwelo kupyola m'madesikitowo. Kuyang'ana kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti Astro Boy si kungokhala chabe kwa kuseŵera koma monga chikalata chachikulu cha chikhalidwe cha dziko lonse cha a makumi aŵiri.

Mnyamata wa Astro ndi Makhalidwe a Nzeru Zopanga Zinthu Lerolino

Zaka makumi ambiri pambuyo pa kulengedwa kwake, Kuthandiza kwa Astro Boy kwangokula. Monga nzeru yeniyeni ya dziko, maloboti, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zamoyo, mavuto ambiri a makhalidwe a Tezuka adachokera ku zopeka zokhala m'mabwalo ndi makhoti. Funso lakuti kaya ufulu wa Ain qued quence suyeneranso kukhala wongopeka; limakanganidwa ndi opanga malamulo, makampani, ndi anthanthi. Nkhani za Tezuka za sobro Boy , zonena za munthu wonga munthu, zikulimbana ndi kulandiridwa ndi anthu amene amamuona kukhala katundu [1] Kutsutsana kwamakono kwa masiku ano, kukondera, ndi chida cha makompyuta.

Aphunzitsi ndi magulu a anthu ophunzitsa agwiritsira ntchito nkhani za mpambowo kudziŵikitsa achichepere ku makhalidwe a STEM. Nkhanizo zimauza ophunzira kulingalira mozama ponena za mmene makina ayenera kulinganizidwira, amene ali ndi thayo pamene alephera, ndi chimene chimatanthauza kuchitira chinthu chopangidwa ndi ulemu. M’lingaliro limeneli, Astro Boy si chinthu chakale koma bwenzi lopitirizabe, chinsinsi chimene chimatithandiza kuwongolera makhalidwe abwino a zaka za zana la makumi aŵiri ndi loyamba.

Chizindikiro Chokhalitsa cha Chiyembekezo

Pomalizira pake, chifukwa chimene Astroro Boy amakhalira ndi mibadwo yonse ndipo makontinenti ali osavuta kufotokoza: iye amaimira chiyembekezo. M’dziko lodzala ndi nkhani za dystopian, loboti yaing’ono imene imakana kutaya anthu imapereka masomphenya otsutsa. Tezuka anakhulupirira kuti sayansi ndi luso, kugwira ntchito pamodzi, zingakulitse dziko lachifundo kwambiri, ndipo analunjikitsa chikhulupiriro chimenecho m’gulu lililonse ndi mbali yake.

Chiyambukiro cha chikhalidwe cha Astro Boy sichingangoyerekezeredwa kokha m'mabokosi kapena malonda a malonda, ngakhale kuti manambalawo ali odabwitsa. Ayenera kuyesedwa mwa akatswiri amene anawauzira, oonerera amene anawatonthoza, ndi makambitsirano apadziko lonse amene iye anayambitsa ponena za chimene chimatanthauza kukhala ndi moyo. Kuyambira pa chigawo cha chigawo cha jambuku cha Japan mpaka pa pulaneti yogwirizana ndi manambala, njira yake youlukira imasonyeza mbali ya zosangulutsa zamakono. Iye anali woyamba kuwoloka nyanja, ndipo iye adakalipobe, pambuyo pa zaka zonsezi, mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri amene analingaliridwa.