Kuvina kocholoŵana pakati pa nkhani za ku Easter ndi Kumadzulo kwasintha mmene timaonera nkhani za zithunzithunzi lerolino. Kusinthana kochepa kwa luso ndi kwa chikhalidwe n’kodabwitsa kwambiri monga chisonkhezero cha makomiki a ku Western pa chisinthiko cha manga amakono. Kudumphaku sikunangowonjezera maluso angapo; kwasintha kwambiri mmene kachitidwe, malingaliro, ndi kapangidwe ka ka kapangidwe kake kake kalembedwe pa tsamba. Manga, kamodzi kachiphukuto chosiyana ndi miyambo ya ku Japan, tsopano kali ndi zizindikiro zowonekera bwino za masewero a ku America, a ku Ulaya [1] Lusinee [1], ndi , ndi mobisika, kupanga dikishonale imene imakhala yosiyana ndi yapadziko lonse kuposa kale.

DNA Yoyambirira ya Zopangapanga za Kumadzulo

Asanapende kuipitsa kwa mtanda, kuli kofunika kumvetsetsa chinenero chowoneka cha makomiki a Western omwe pambuyo pake akakhoza kuchititsa ojambula Ajapani. Mabuku a zoseketsa ndi mabuku a zinyansi, kuchokera ku Golden Age ya 1930 kupita mtsogolo, adakhazikitsa game la mawu a kulimba, ochindikala, ntchito yodabwitsa ya kutsogolo, ndi kumveka bwino kwa mphamvu. Akatswiri onga Jack Kirby, Will Eisner, ndi Halster anakulitsa njira yaikulu ya kulinganiza kwa mapangidwe a zinthu ndi misculature yowopsya, miyeso yamphamvu, ndi yolimba imene inawoneka ngati ikuwomba m’daluza ndi kulemera m'mafilimu. Chichiarosroro ndi kuwala kopanda kukongola kwa mafilimu ndi kapeseŵeredwe kake.

Chinanso chofunika chinali chiyambukiro cha maluso. Walt Disney [FL: 0] Snow White ndi Seven Dwarfs [1] (1937) ndi Fleischer Studios's ] Superman [ [malembo] [aiwo amene akusonyeza zilembo zooneka ndi maso aakulu, kuyendayenda kwa madzi, ndi kukongola kwa masewero kumene kunapangitsa kuti akopeke. Zimenezi ndi mawonekedwe ake ozungulira ndi oyera, pambuyo pake zidzakhala mwala wa sjoga ndi wachitsulo, wolongosola chikhalidwe cha Chijapani chomasuntha kubwerera ku West. Zojambula za ku Western skieto kujambula ndi kujambula kwa mawu a chiŵilini, pamene kuli koyambirira kwa nyuzipepala ya ku Japan, ndi kujambula kwa ku Japan.

Kubadwa kwa Manga Wamakono

Pamene Osamu Tezuka, wolingaliridwa mofala kukhala “Mulungu wa Manga,” anayamba ntchito yake kumapeto kwa ma 1940, anachita zimenezo pansi pa chisonkhezero chakumadzulo kwa ofalitsa nkhani. Tezuka, wokonda kwambiri wojambula ndi Fleischer, adatenga maluso awo ofotokoza ndi maluso aumunthu. Ntchito yake yapamanja [[FLT:] Astro Boy [Atsuwan Atom, 1952) imasonyeza kutchuka kwa proton ndi kupambana, maso onyezimira mwachindunji kwa Bambi ndi Mikkey danday .

Tezuka sanaleke kuwoneka ndi nkhope. Anayambitsa kugwiritsira ntchito “maengelesi a jara mu tsamba limodzi, kutsanzira mafilimu. Anatsendereza ndi kutambasula nthaŵi ku mapulaneti ozungulira, njira inanso yopezeka mu Will Eisner’s Spirit [[FLT:] [1940]. Kuyambitsidwa kwa mizere yoyenda, thukuta, ndi zizindikiro zopambanitsa za maganizo za m'manga zingapezedwe ku Tezuka kuphunzira kwa mawonekedwe a ku Western’s “ash ndi kutambasula. Malinga ndi mapulinsipulo a [FL:] Osmuzuka [1940], zilembo zake zamphamvu zamphamvu, ndi zizindikiro zotsogola kwambiri za kapangidwe kake, zomwe zinakhala ndi makope a kapangidwe kamodzi kamodzi ka mbiri ka zinthu za kumbuyo kwa mbiri ya munthu wofanana ndi chivomezi, zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhaninkhani ya kuwonana.

Gulu la Gekiga ndi Noir wa ku America

Pamene Tezuko anali kutchuka ndi “wojambula manga” wa ana, ojambulajambula odziŵika monga gekiga (mafano otchuka) adawonekera chakumapeto kwa zaka za 1950 ndi 1960, otsogozedwa ndi ojambula onga Yoshihiro Tatsumi ndi Takao Saito. Akatswiri a zojambulajambula za golidi anakana kudula, kuzungulira Disney asthetic poyanjana ndi wakuda, mawu omveka bwino kwambiri amene anayerekezera mwachindunji ndi upandu ndi filimu yotentha ya America. Tatsumi, makamaka, anasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi anthu a m’matauni ndi maganizo onyansa opezeka m’maseŵera a ku America onga Bernardis Krigenste ndi ECcom.

Zilembo za kuwona za gekiga , kaŵirikaŵiri zosamvera chisoni, mithunzi yakuda, ndi misewu yodzala ndi chozizwitsa chachuma cha pambuyo pa nkhondo . Chinali chochititsa chidwi cha Western noir stollings. Saito’s [machinsinsi opeka kapena a Frank Miller] Golgo 13 [1968])) ali ndi wopanga pulogalamu amene mlomo wake wa thoniyo, mlomo wake wotchinga ndi kuzizira, anaumbidwa ndi masamba a Stevetko-penning'ono kapena a Frank Miller a milandu yomwe ikakhalako kwa zaka khumi zina. Kusintha kwa mbiri yeniyeni kumeneku, pambuyo pake kumbuyo m’kusinthani wa anthu, kupangitsa kupenda kwachikhalire kwa munthu wamkulu kuwonana ndi kuwonana kwa zinenero zachikhalidwe lachikale.

Kukula kwa Mahatchi Otchedwa Superhero Anatomy

Ma 1980 ndi 1990 adawona kusintha kwa kugwedezeka kwa ma magn, makamaka m'chivomerezo cha anthu. ngwazi zakale monga Kenshiro mu [FLT: 0] Fist of North Star [[FLT: 1] (19983) adasonyeza kale kuchuluka kwa ma ma ma ma magnices, koma chisonkhezero chachindunji cha mafikingchero a Western , opangidwa mwatsopano kupyola m'masitolo apadera ndi kuwonjezereka kwa dziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri onga Akira Toriyama ([[FLT:]] Balquen [FL:3]) ndi Maselo a Mafuta a ku Mafuta a ku [1] Sanduma (FLD: 35:] ndi Maskoladada (FLD] [FFFFF:] [5]). [FTLD]

Molunjika, maluso a kulimbanira ndi kuphulika anayamba kusonyeza maluso ogwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mabuku a chinthenchi ndi DC. “Kirby Krackle, [1] muyezo wosiyana wa mphamvu za mlengalenga zogwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira mphamvu yachilengedwe, anapeza njira yake ya mafanizo a ki bomba ndi mabomba. Kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo , kulamuliridwa ndi mawonekedwe, ndi pakati-airflips , zimene zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya John Buscema’sma [FLT:] ndi maluso ambiri [FLT]. [FLAT] Kanani] ndi pambuyo pake Jeeeat . [aufansis . " .]

Malo a Mabungwe ndi Chidutswa cha Kukambitsirana

Chimodzi cha zisonkhezero zosaoneka koma zazikulu kwambiri zimene zimakhala m'mabungwe. Manga a kumanja kuya kumanzere, amaŵerenga mapepala opangika, opangidwa mwamwambo omwe anatsogolera diso pansi m'chigwirizano chosasintha. Kujambula kwa azungu a Makomiki [1] Makamaka kujambula kwa Will Eisner ndi mawrip a ku Ulaya monga Jean Giraud (Mobius) , [1] kulimbikitsa opanga manga kuti athyole gire giredi. Katsuro Otomo’’’’ [FLT:] Akirara [FL:] [198] ndi [1] (198] ndi chigawo cha akatswiri a kuphatikiza: kujambula kwake, kutambasula ndi kukongola kwa mzinda wa Moius ndi kuyera kwa Kalbius ndi kulongosola tsatanetsatane kwa tsatanetsatane wa Chitumbu. [Flugn:]

Otomo’s ntchito, yomwe inakhala njira ya oŵerenga ambiri a Kumadzulo ku manga, imagwira ntchito monga kalirole wa njira ziŵiri. Kuwonekera kwa Yuropu kunakumana ndi mphamvu yachijapani, zotsatirapo kuoneka kumene kufalikira kumakhala ndi malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono, olondola ophulika m'matupi aakulu, opanda malire a kuwononga. Kusweka kumeneku kwa tsamba lolimba, luso lotchuka ndi kayendedwe a pansi pa nthaka a Amereka a 1960 (Robert Crumb, S.Clay Wilson), kunalola kuti manga aone ngati kusokonezeka kwa liwiro ndi mphamvu ya kupetulira kwa zinthu m'kamwa m’malembereni pakati pa anthu a kubwalo lamilandu la . Unansi wa Symbioticism unali wamphamvu kwambiri kwakuti ku Lromictos, wotchuka wa ku Japan, Legas, ndi wofalitsa wa ku France.

Fashoni ya Kumadzulo, Zojambula ndi Zojambulajambula, ndi Mawonekedwe a Zinthu Zodziŵika

Kupyola pa majini ndi ziŵiya, makomiki a ku Western aveka manga ndi chitsime chakuya cha mastylic matype ndi mafashoni. Flamboy, m’thumba ndi kukwera kwa mnofu za Jo] Miarre Atsuture (1987-91) ndi Hirohiko Araki ndi kalata yachiko yachikopa yachitaliyana ya kuwona mafashoni, zojambula zapamwamba, ndi mafuta a m'makedzana a ku Americanhero. Zojambula za Araki zimawoneka ndi Arustrators Antonio Lopez ndi Tonysmont , koma pansi pa zilembo za kulimba za kuwona kwa ku Forniomsssss Georgener. [AnFro, NW]

“ Msungwana wa matsenga”, (1991) akutenga mawu a ku Western, ndi otchuka kwambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti amalingaliridwa kukhala a ku Japan, kusinthira ndi mavalidwe m'zochitika zotsatizana zonga Sailor Moon (1991) kuchokera ku danbol, Roman, ndi kukongola kwa nyenyezi za Hollywood. Koma mowona, Naokiki’s peni yabwino, mafilimu opeka, ndi kugogomezera za mabonokesi okongola a zithunzithunzi zimene anthu a ku America amajambula monga zinyama. Craiglue adagwiritsira ntchito mafilimu ngati [FLD2] [FFoct2]. [Flugte]

Kusintha kwa Makina ndi Kusintha kwa Maselo a Anthu Padziko Lonse

M’zaka za zana la 21, kusinthana kwa mabitera kunayamba kuchititsa kusowa. Zida za luso la zojambulajambula zinaloŵa mmalo mwa ma inki, ndi mapulatifomu onga Clip Studio Paint (oyambitsidwa ku Japan koma ogwiritsiridwa ntchito padziko lonse) anayamba kupereka bulashi yosonyeza kuti mafilimu a ku America akuoneka ngati kutsegula, G-pennibs, ndiponso ngakhale zitsulo zouma za shifiti zokhala ndi anthu a kumadzulo omwe amakondedwa ndi anthu a kumadzulo. Chotulukapo n’chimodzi cha akatswiri aluso amene “Western” akulimbana ndi“ East" . Mwachitsanzo, tatengani ntchito za wojambula wa ku Japan, makamaka m'maso-poppe, makamaka m’manja ya [FLD: PPN: [2]

Ndiponso, maluwa amakono a masewero a masewero a pa Intaneti, pamene kuli kwakuti poyamba ku Korea, atengedwa ndi anthu aluso ndi olemba mabuku a manga omwe. Makonzedwe a mipukutu yoima pansi amatsogolera kutsogolo kwa malo okongola, mafilimu amene amafanana ndi malo osungirako zinthu za Hollywood. Mafilimu amene amadzaza foni ndi foni imodzi, yosasokonezeka ndi amene amasunga mapepala okongola kwambiri opangidwa ndi Jack Kirby ndipo pambuyo pake anakonzedwa ndi Bryan Hitch mu Chilungamo cha Holme . Chigometso chapamwambacho n’cholimba kwambiri tsopano kwakuti Mançon ndi DC amafalitsa monik-opy, ndi olemba m'Chijapanishini wina aliyense akuwonjezera kuyerekezera zikalata za ku America, chikalata chofanana ndi chijaning'onong'onong'.

Kufufuza za Matenda Amakono

Hero Academia ndi Kirby Blueprint

Kōhei Horikishi . Maluso ake Hero Academia [1] (201) mwina ndi ulemu wamakono kwambiri kwa a Western superhero aesthetic. Maluso ake . Maluso [1] Kumwetulira kwa mutu ndi khosi laching'alang'ala [1] ndi kuchuluka kwa Jack Kirby’s Captain ndi Superman. Horoshi adatchula poyera mafilimu a ku America monga chisonkhezero chachikulu, ndi nkhani zofotokoza zimadalira kwambiri pa luso laluso lapadera lochitidwa ndi John Sata Sita. Kugwiritsira ntchito kopambanitsa kwa kukwera ndi kuzama kwa zinthu kumapanga buku lotchuka lofanana ndi Superman. Chomwe chapamwamba cha kujambula cha kumbuyo kwa chivomezi cha kupsoko. [5]

[[FULT:0] Munthu wooneka ndi Grighouse Gaze

Tatsuki Fujimoto’s Cainaw Man (208-presente) imaimira msanganizo wa zojambula zapansi pa dziko lapansi. Lujimoto ndi dala, koma maluso ake amasonkhezeredwa kwambiri ndi Maginedi a American B-vie, mafishi, ndi flurst ya ojambula a pansi panthaka monga Basil Walton. Mmene mitu ya anthu imapoto imapotozera, kuphulika, ndi kupotototototototo ku kupambanitsa kwa kunyanyira kwa Mad Don wa Martin monga momwe amachitira kwa munthu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa tsikirapo kwa thukuta kwa chipa chachikulu, khalidwe la chiwonkhoma cha munthu wotchukayo. [Imodzi ndi wotchuka kwambiri]

Kugwirizana Kopitirizabe ndi Chitsogozo cha Mtsogolo

Chisonkhezero cha anthu a ku Western ofufuza zithunzithunzi zamakono za manga si chochitika cha mbiri yakale koma chokhala ndi moyo, kukambitsirana. Monga zida zamakono zopatsa mphamvu anthu aluso kuti atsanzire mawonekedwe a dziko lonse, kusiyana pakati pa tsamba looneka bwino ndi seen manga kupitiriza kusungunuka. Ofalitsa a Kumadzulo onga ngati Maincomics tsopano amakulitsa “manka”, kulimbikitsa madeti achidule ndi mabuku olemba amene amajambula mapulati. Panthaŵiyi, akatswiri a ku Japan ogwira ntchito pa pulatifomu ya sha [[FLT:] Mantacto . Manta [1] Mantacke [1] Manuclet [1] Manuct , m'zipakezo zimene zimatsanzira maglosi a DC, amafalitsa kuwala kwa anthu amakono odandama.

Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumalimbitsa kwambiri luso lakulankhula. Woŵerenga angatenge buku lolembedwa ndi wojambula Shintaro Kago ndi kuona mawu a Robert Williams a pop surlials; angayang'ane pa fungo la manga [[FLT: 0] Jujutsu Kaisen [[FLT] [1] ndi kuzindikira chipwirikiti chimene Jack Kirby analowetsedwamo [[FL:]] Mulungu Watsopano [[Foct:3]. Kukongola kwa maluso a mzera wokongola, kuyang'ana, kulira kwa nkhope, ndi kujambula kochititsa chidwi, kumene kwachititsa kujambula mawu osiyanasiyana kupyola chinenero ndi mtundu. Wojambula nyimbo zapadziko lonse lapansi amasintha ndi kupyola mbadwo wa ojambula amakono, kupendanso luso la ojambula a Orichiss, kujambulanso zinthu zina za mbiri yakale, ndipo kujambula nkhani ya dziko lonse lapansi.