Hayao Miyazaki’s Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] kaŵirikaŵiri amakondedwa monga nthano yosangalatsa ya ana, koma pansi pa thambo lake lakuya pali malunji anthanthi otchuka a Saki ndi Mei, Miyazaki akuitanira openyerera ku dziko kumene kuli mayanjano auzimu ndi malo okhala, kumene machitidwe a kukoma mtima akunja, ndi kumene nkhalango yeniyeniyo ili yokhoza kukhala yaulemu. Nkhani imeneyi imapenda mmene filimu ya Saki ndi Mei imachitira. Mwa zochitika za mchitidwe wa Saki ndi Mei, Miyazaki imaitanira openyerera kudziko kumene kuli kulingana kwa chilengedwe, kumene kuli machitidwe a kukoma mtima, ndi kumene nkhalango yeniyeniyo imakhalako, imakhala yoyenerera ulemu. Nkhaniyi imapenda mmene filimu ya chikhalidwe, ndi kulongosola mkhalidwe wachilengedwe, ndi kutsogolera kwachilengedwe.

Maziko a Chiphunzitso cha Chiphunzitso cha Totoro

Kumvetsetsa masinthidwe aakulu a Mnansi Wanga Totoro , kumathandiza kuzindikira miyambo ya chikhalidwe ndi yauzimu imene imadziŵitsa. Filosofi ya ku Japan imaumbidwa kwambiri ndi kugwirizana kwa Chishinto ndi Chibuda, njira ziŵiri za chikhulupiriro zimene zagwirizana kwa zaka zoposa chikwi. Chishinto, mwambo wa mwambo wa anthu a m'dzikolo, ponena za dziko logwirizanitsidwa ndi [FLT] — mizimu imene imakhala m'zinthu zachilengedwe monga mitengo yakale, mathithi, ndi mapiri. Chibuda, chimene chinafika ku Japan m’zaka za zana la 6, chinabweretsa malingaliro a chifundo, chifundo, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi ulemu wa Chishinto.

Miyazaki, ngakhale kuti sanali wotembenuza, amaloŵetsa malingaliro ameneŵa m'nkhani yake yonena mwachidule. Kuonera ndi BFI, adawona kuti Japan wakaleyo anali “dziko la milungu,” ndi kuti moyo wamakono wasiyanitsa anthu ndi kuzindikira kumeneko. Mnansi wanga Toro angawonedwe monga kuyesa kwake kudzutsanso lingaliro la kukhalapo kopatulika. Malo a filimu — malo akumidzi a mu 1950 Japan — amakhala khalidwe lamoyo, ndi mizimu yobisika ndi nzeru yobisika. Kusintha kumeneku kumalola nzeru zanga zapamwamba zachibadwa, koma monga chiphunzitso chachibadwa.

Chishinto ndi Kumene Kuli Kosangalatsa

Chishinto chimaphunzitsa kuti chilengedwe sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika koma chigulu cha mizimu imene anthu ayenera kukhalamo. Chikhulupiriro chimenechi chinalembedwa m'chinenero ndi malo amene filimuyo imakhala. Mtengo waukulu wa msasa wa msasa wa mafamu umene umazungulira pa banja latsopano la Kusakabe umasonyezedwa mwamsanga kukhala wachilendo: mtundu wake waukulu, wopotozedwa ndi shimewa, chingwe chopatulika chimene chimasonyeza malo amene filimuyo imakhala. [FTLT:0] [ka] shto mwambo wa ku Kula:1], mitengo yotero imalemekezedwa kwambiri monga [FLT:] [FLT] [F:2], ndipo imaperekedwa kulemekeza mzimu wa mnansi, kuuza atsikana kuti “mtengo wamakono,“ mtengo wa kuimbidwa ndi chikhulupiriro chamakono.

Totoro Monga Guardian Kami

Dzina laulemu lakuti Totoro, limamvedwa bwino monga chisonyezero cha dziko la Shinto limeneli. Iye sali chilombo kapena cholengedwa chamakono cha nkhalango; iye ndi mzimu wa m'nkhalango, mwinamwake ndi chiungwe cha milungu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe kapena yōkai [ kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chachijapani]. Ntchito ya Totoro ndi ya woteteza nkhalango, chimphona chofatsa chimene chimagona usana ndi kudzutsa fungo la fungo la thambo lomwe limaonetsa kuwopa, ndi kuwopa mwana. Pamene Satsuki ndi Mei akumana naye koyamba, amachita motero m'chiphata pansi pa mtengo wa msasa wa msasa — malo a dindime amene amaimira malo a anthu. Nthaŵiyo imachitidwa ndi mantha, ndipo samawopseza, ndi kuopa mwana.

Kambuku ndi Kuyerekezera Chilengedwe

Catbus amawonjezeranso kuyerekezera kwa filimuyo ndi kuwonjezera. Chochititsa chidwi, cholengedwa champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi magetsi a m’mutu ndi bolodi lopitako loikidwa pamphumi pake, chimachotsa mphamvu ya mizimu ya kumadzulo. Komabe khalidwe lake nlogwirizana ndi Chishinto: ndi chinthu chosinthasinthasintha chimene chingasanganize usiku ndi kuyenda pa liŵiro losatheka, kuyendayenda pakati pa thupi ndi lauzimu. Kathbus amanyamula anthu amene ali oyera mtima — mofanana ndi alongo — akupereka lingaliro lakuti kulowa m’dziko sikuli chinthu cha mphamvu koma kulinganizika kwa makhalidwe abwino. Monga momwe ziopsezo zimachitira ndi katswiri wa makhalidwe abwino. [FLD: 0] Kolma , amatchulapo machenjera kwambiri [Flugnosss] [ka]

  • Mapale opatulika: Mtengo wa camphor umagwira ntchito monga kachisi wa Chishinto mkati mwa cholemberacho, malo a chiyanjano ndi kuchiritsa.
  • Zopereka: Filimuyo imasonyeza mwamachenjera ntchito zimene zimasonyeza Chishinto, monga alongo akubzala mbewu ndi Totoro ndi kuchita mavinidwe kuti aphutse — kulira kwa madzoma akale aulimi.
  • Ansipansi yowopsa: Pamene banja lisamukira kumidzi, ayenera kuvomereza kuti asoot sprite (suwatari) amakhala m'matanki; njira siitanthauza kupha koma kuvomereza ndi kachitidwe kaubwenzi, kusonyeza makhalidwe a Chishinto okhala pamodzi ndi anthu ena.

Chibuda ndi Kufotokoza Makhalidwe Abwino

Kumene Chishinto chimapereka lingaliro la filimu la chilengedwe chodzala ndi mzimu, Chibuda chimasunga kakhalidwe kake ka makhalidwe. Malamulo a Pakati pa Chibuda ali lingaliro la karuā (kuzindikira) ndi kuzindikira kuti anthu onse otsagana ndi ogwirizana mogwirizana. Zimenezi zimaonekera mu Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] mwa maulaliki ake atsiku ndi tsiku.

Chifundo Monga Chichitidwe Chatsiku ndi Tsiku

Satsuki ndi Mei amasonyeza kukoma mtima mokhazikika kupyola m'mpangidwe wa munthu. Pamene Mei atsatira zolengedwa zazing'ono, zosungunuka m’nkhalango ndi kugwera pa Ttoro gonera, iye safuula kapena kuthaŵa; amagwetsa mimba yake ndipo potsirizira pake amamanga pafupi naye. Pambuyo pake, pamene mvula yamvula, alongo amayembekezera pa basi ndi kuzindikira Totoro akumira ndi kuzindikira kuti akuthira. Satsuki akumpatsa iye ambulera ya atate — kachitidwe kamene kanga kanga kamodzi koma kamodzi ka kulemera kwakukulu. Manda, chinthu wamba cha luso laumunthu, chikhala mlaza pakati pa mitundu ya zamoyo ndi malo. Kuto kukondwera ndi mphindu ya mbewu ya kubwerera kwa Budda (genero) ndi kulimba kwake kozizwitsa. [Factive , yofotokozedwanso m’manja:]

Kupirira Mavuto ndi Mkazi Wanu

Mthunzi wa matenda a amayi awo umakhala pa filimuyo, kupereka mawu oyambitsidwa ofatsa a chiphunzitso cha Chibuda pa kuvutika (gulu). Alongowo samatetezeredwa ku nkhaŵa; amayang’anizana nawo mwachindunji pamene Mei, atathedwa nzeru ndi mbiri ya kuchedwa kuchira, akuyesayesa kuyenda kuchipatala. M’vuto limenelo, dziko lauzimu limaloŵerera. Toro akuitana Babus, imene imaika Mei ndi kupulumutsa alongo onse aŵiriwo ku windo la chipatala kotero kuti aone kuchira kwa amayi awo kuchokera pa mtunda wabata. Kupulumutsa kumeneku sikumakhazikitsa koma kuvomereza kuti chifundo chiyanjo champhamvu koposa m’nthaŵi za nsautso. Filimu ya kanemayo imakhala yovomereza mizimu ya m’chigwirizano wa mtima wonse, yogwirizana ndi a Mahanyana kuti apeze a kawonedwe kabwino kawo. Pamene kulibe kuthandizidwa ndi ena.

  • Udani kulinga ku Soot Sprites: Mkhalidwe wonyalanyaza koma waubwenzi wa atate — “Tiyeni tiseke ndi kupanga phokoso, kenaka adzachoka" — umathetsa mantha ndi kusintha kusadziŵa kwa munthu.
  • Pheluso la Bei: Chosankha cha mtsikana wamng'ono chopereka Totoro per (chochitika wamba malinga ndi kuona kwa mwana) chiri kachitidwe keni keni ka kugawana, kusonyeza chigogomezero cha Chibuda pa chifuno cha zinthu zakuthupi.
  • Ulendo wa Chipatala: Alongo akuona mwakachetechete za ubwino wa amayi awo kumakhala kusinkhasinkha pa kuvomereza, kuchotsa nkhaŵa popanda kufunikira kuletsa zotulukapo.

Malo Olumikiziranako Amene Alipo

Ulusi umene umagwirizanitsa maganizo a Chishinto ndi Chibuda ndi kuumirira pa kudalirana. Palibe chinthu chimene chimakhalapo modzipatula; chinthu chilichonse chimachitika pa ubale wa pakati pa mitengo, nyama, mizimu, ndi anthu. Miyazaki amamasulira lingaliro limeneli mooneka: kujambula ndi kujambula zithunzi za anthu, kuika zithunzi za anthu m’matepi achilengedwe otsatizana kwambiri kumene tizilombo, mphepo, ndi masamba ogwedera amaikidwa. Mapangidwe a mawu, nawonso, amagogomezera kugwirizana — kulira kwa cicada, kugwetsa kwa mvula, kupuma kwa Toro — zonsezo m’nyimbo imodzi ya moyo.

Munthu Wam’thupi

Filimuyi imaphimba mosalekeza malire pakati pa munthu ndi munthu. Toro ndi alongowo amalankhulana mopepuka, popanda mawu omwe amasonyeza kuti ubale ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa chinenero. Pamene atsikana amabzala mbewu zamatsenga zokhala m’chikuto cha mwezi, kukula kotsatirapo — kuphulika kochititsa mantha kwa mitengo yaikulu imene imasintha malo kwa kanthaŵi kochepa — ndi ntchito yogwirizana pakati pa ana ndi mizimu. Amavina, kukweza manja awo, ndi nkhalangoyo ikumvana ndi moyo wonse. Ndi nthaŵi yopanda chizolowezi, ikusonyeza lingaliro la Chishinto [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLD 1:1] (mphamvu ya moyo) ndi malingaliro a Chibuda, zimene zimachitika pamodzi.

Maphunziro m’Mathayo a Makhalidwe

Kuchokera ku kugwirizana kumeneku kuli ndi lamulo la makhalidwe abwino: ngati tili mbali ya madzi amtengo wokwezeka kuchokera ku chitsime, kenaka mmene timachitira ndi chotulukapo chachindunji. Kusamuka kwa banja la Kusakabe kumidzi kuli kubwerera ku njira ya moyo yosavuta, yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Asungwana akuyenda kupita kusukulu m’njira zauve, amasamba m'chipale chotengedwa ndi madzi otengedwa ku chitsime, ndipo amathandiza atate wawo kusamalira munda wa zomera. Izi siziri kokha tsatanetsatane wa zomera; iwo amawonetsa moyo umene umachepetsa mtunda pakati pa kugula ndi dziko lapansi. Motero filimuyo imagwira ntchito monga wodekha wa kulekana ndi mzinda, kukumbutsa omvetsera kuti munthu amadzi amadzisankhira kukhala ndi moyo tsiku. Anthu amene amalemekeza mtengowo kuti amvetsere bwino ndi kumvetsera za kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mafilimu.

  • Mapazi Ogaŵanitsidwa: Khola la banja, njira ya nkhalango, ndi siteshoni ya basi zonsezo zimakhala malo okumana pakati pa anthu ndi mizimu, kusiyanitsa kopeka.
  • Nzeru ya mbadwo: [[FLT :1] Granny ndi okalamba ena apafupi amatumikira monga chikumbukiro cha chikhalidwe, kupereka chidziŵitso chamwadzidzidzi cha nyengo za chilengedwe zimene mbadwo wa achichepere ungalephere.
  • Kulinganizika kwa Zachilengedwe: Filimu ya mafashoni a munda, mitsinje, ndi nkhalango monga dongosolo logwirizana imasonyeza nthanthi yeniyeni ya dziko ya sameyama, malo amwambo a ku Japan omwe amalinganitsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo.

Kuchiritsa kwa Chilengedwe

Mwinamwake mutu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wa omvetsera amakono ndiwo mphamvu ya chilengedwe, mfundo yozikidwa kwambiri m’malingaliro onse aŵiri a Chishinto ndi Chibuda. M'Chishinto, misogi (madzoma otembenuza) kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo kumizidwa m'madzi achilengedwe; Chibuda chimalangiza kuyenda motengeka maganizo pakati pa nkhalango ndi mapiri monga njira yopezera kuwala kwa mkati. Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1], chilengedwe sichirikitsa champhamvu ya mtima ndi ngakhale chakuchiritsa.

Nkhalango Ili Malo Opatulika

Mtengo wa campor ndi malo ake ozungulira umakhala pobisalira Satsuki ndi Mei nthaŵi iliyonse pamene nkhaŵa za matenda a amayi awo zatha. Pamene Satsuki, wolemetsedwa ndi chitsenderezo cha kukhala “mchemwali wamkulu” ndi kuwopa kutaya amayi ake, amagwetsa misozi, amakhala m’nkhalango kuti apeza chitonthozo. Kulimba kwa mzimuwo — kumakhala kwamphamvu pa phewa lake — kugwiritsa ntchito chitsimikizo chimene chimaposa nzeru. Zimenezi zimafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi la [[FLT:] kufufuza kopanda nzeru za chilengedwe, koma chidziŵitso cha filimuyo nchachikale ndi chauzimu: kukhazikika sikumakhalapo kupyola m’moyo.

Miyambo Yobwezeretsa

Filimuyi imaikidwa m’magulu ang’onoang’ono amene amalimbitsa unansi wa anthu ndi chilengedwe ndipo, m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kulimba kwa iwo. Kubzala mbewu ndi Totoro ndi kuwawonerera iwo amaphulika kukhala malo osungirako nkhalango a mwezi ndi okongola ali mwambo wonga wa kubadwa ndi chiyembekezo. Alongo a akaziwo amasambira usiku uliwonse, chakudya cha anthu onse, ndipo ngakhale njira imene amatsegula zitseko za nyumba yogwedezeka kuti alole m’kuuni ndi m’mlengalenga ntchito zonse za kuyeretsa kwa Chishinto — kupanga nyumbayo kukhala malo otsegulidwa kwaumulungu. Nthaŵi zimenezi popanda kulalikira: Kuchiritsa sikupezeka m’mawonekedwe aakulu koma m’chilangizo la tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku lakulankhula ndi kukhala ndi phande m’moyo wozungulira.

  • Chitonthozo m'Mavuto: [[FLT :1] Kukhalapo kwa Totoro kumasintha chochitika cha mwana chosoŵa kukhala chipangano cha chisamaliro cha onse, monga mizimu, zinyama, ndi anthu kugwira ntchito kulinga ku chipulumutso chimodzi.
  • Sound and Sleep: Zojambula za Joe Hisaishi ndi mawu achibadwa zimapanga mpweya wochititsa kugunda kwa mtima, zikumaitanira wopenyerera ku mkhalidwe wosinkhasinkha.
  • Kupanda nzeru kwa Madzi: [[FL:1] Mvula, mitsinje, ndi chitsime ndizo zithunzi zobwerezabwereza, zoimira kuyeretsa, kuyenda, ndi kutha kwa kutsekeka kwa malingaliro.

Makhalidwe Okhalitsa a M’nkhalango

Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] samamaliza ndi kupulumutsa kodabwitsa kapena nkhondo yomaliza; kumangosonyeza mayi akubwerera kunyumba pamene alongo akuyembekezera pansi pa mtengo wa campor. Chosankha chofatsa chimenechi nchiganizo cha filosofi: moyo sumakhala ndi mapeto oyenerera; umapitirizabe monga mzera wa chikondi, kutayikidwa, ndi kukonzedwanso. Chithunzi chomaliza cha filimu, ndi alongo akuseŵera pabwalo pamene Toro ndi mabwenzi ake akuyang’ana kuchokera kunthambi yapamwamba, chimalimbitsa lingaliro lakuti mzimu umayang'ana kwa awo amene amakhala ndi kukoma mtima ndi kuzindikira.

Malingaliro a makhalidwe abwino a filimuyo, osonkhezeredwa ndi ulemu wa Chishinto kaamba ka chilengedwe ndi malamulo a chifundo a Chibuda, amapereka chitokoso chachete ku makhalidwe amakono. Imafunsa ngati kupita patsogolo kuyenera kuchitika pamtengo wa kulekana ndi dziko lamoyo, ndipo imapereka lingaliro lakuti uchikulire weniweni umaphatikizapo kukhoza kudabwa. Satsuki ndi Mei safunikira kugonjetsa mdani aliyense; iwo amangofunikira kutsegula mitima yawo ku chimene chilipo kale — nkhalango yodzala ndi mizimu, munda umene umakula ndi chisamaliro chochepa, unansi ndi anthu opanda umunthu umene umazikidwa pa kulemekezana.

Miyazaki adanena kuti anapanga Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] “kuonetsa ana kuti dziko nlodzala ndi zinthu zosangalatsa. Pansi pa mawu osavuta amenewo pali cholinga chachikulu cha maphunziro: kukulitsa malingaliro a makhalidwe abwino amene saona chilengedwe kukhala maziko a drame ya anthu koma monga gulu la anthu oyenera kusamaliridwa. Kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira a moyo wonse, filimuyo imakhalabe mpukutu wolemera wofufuza mmene mafilosofi a Kummaŵa angayambirenso kukhala ndi thayo lathu la kuzungulira pulaneti ndi ina. M'nthaŵi ya nkhaŵa ya chilengedwe ndi kutsendedwa kwauzimu, maphunziro a mzimu waubwino wa nkhalango sanafulumirepo.