Kukongola kwa Mtundu Woyamba wa M’kati mwa Mtengo

Asanabwere ndi kupezeka mosavuta pa Intaneti, kukhala wokonda anthu kunja kwa Japan kunali chinthu chosiyana kwambiri. Munayenera kudalira kwambiri makirabu akuno, mawailesi akunja monga VHS, ndi mawu a pakamwa kuti mupeze ndi kuonera mapulogalamu amene mumakonda. Intaneti inali chinthu chokha kwa anthu ambiri, choncho kukumba amtima umodzi, ndipo moona mtima, malo ambiri ochezera pa Intaneti. Mafoni, makalata, ndi matepi a foni, ndi matepi olankhulira otsa malonda. Makidwewa opangidwa ndi magulu a anthu omwe aliyense amadalirana kuti apeze mpambo watsopano, luso lojambula zinthu, ndi kuyendera pamodzi zinthu zina zapamwamba zimene anthu a m’dzikolo sizinali. Kuyang'kambira ndi kutchuka kopambana kwa , kunali kopetope, ndi kuyesayesa kumangapo.

Chiyambi ndi Kukula kwa Midzi ya Kum’mwera

Anime fandom kunja kwa Japan sanayambire ndi intaneti. Mizu yake imayambira ku ma 1960, pamene imasonyeza monga Astro Boy ndi Racer [1] Racer [ yoyamba kuulutsidwa kwambiri pa wailesi ya America, yokonzedwa kwambiri. Koma mizu yeniyeni ya udzu inayamba kutha chakumapeto kwa ma 1970 ndi kuphulika m'ma 1980 ndi kuchiyambiyambi kwa ma 1990. Mafazi omwe anafuna zambiri kuposa zimene mafilimu anapereka anayamba kujambula VHS, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi matepi a panyumba, opangidwa ndi otchuka kwambiri. Magulu aang'ono a mizinda, ku koleji, ndi kutumiza makalata koyambirira kochitidwa. Omwe anatumiza mateleji, anatumiza zochitika za kumaloko, ndipo pomalizira pake anatumiza misonkhano, omwe anapanga misonkhano yaikulu ya anthu ambiri.

Magulu onga Cartoon / Fantasy Organization (C/FO) ku United States anakhala malo ochitira malonda ndi kugawana chidziŵitso. Mafan ku UK, France, ndi Germany anapanga madongosolo ofanana, kaŵirikaŵiri kuyang'ana pa zigwirizano za sayansi. Ku Japan, anaima ndi anthu apamwamba, koma kumaiko akunja kunali kulondola kofunikira kudzipatulira. Kusoŵa kumeneku kunayambitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu amodzi: ngati munali ndi tepi yaing'ono, inu mumaijambula kaamba ka ena, podziŵa kuti iwo abwezera chisomo tsiku lina. Misonkhano yoyambirira, yonga A-Kon ku Texas (opezedwa mu 1990) ndi Anim Expole mu California, popereka malo operekerako, kukumana kwa makira a makiradiko, ndi kusonkhanitsa, ndi kukumana pamodzi, ndi kukumana pamodzi.

Mavuto a Kupeza Zakudya Zokwanira

Kupeza mankhwala a pa Intaneti kunalibe ntchito. Kutulutsidwa kwa akuluakulu a boma ku West kunali kosoŵa, kokwera mtengo, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kunafika zaka zambiri pambuyo pa madeti a ndege a ku Japan . Kuwonerera zochitika zatsopano, otsatsa anadalira pa [[FLT: 0] Fanfodbed [ . Matepiwa a VHS. Ankayenda kuchokera ku makompyuta aumwini, kupita kwa bwenzi kapena kutumizidwa kudzera ku dongosolo lapaposi mu mapevulo. Makhalidwewo angakodwe bwino kapena kuphonya, ndi mibadwo yambiri ya kujambula fano ndi mawu. Makope achisanu a [FLD:] RAFLD . BalB . RAFF: 3]

Makope akuthupi anadalira pa malo amene mumakhala ndi amene mumadziŵa. Ngati munali m’tauni yaing'ono yopanda gulu lakwanu, mungafunikire kuyembekezera miyezi kuti mufikire tepi. Merchandise ndi mabuku ojambula anali ovuta kwambiri kupeza, kaŵirikaŵiri kufuna kugwirizana ndi kampani yapadera ku Japan kapena sitolo yogulitsa yomwe inali yokwera kwambiri. Ngakhale pamene matendawa anayamba kuonekera pa vidiyo ya US kudzera m'makampani aupainiya onga ngati Sternline Pictures ndi Animego, kusankhidwako kunali kwaing'ono, ndipo VHS meset inkatha kugula $30 kapena kuposa kawiridwe kaŵiri. Kusoŵa kumeneku kunachititsa kuti ayambe kuthamanga, ntchito yokangalika, yothamanga yoseŵera pa mtsinje; munadzipangira nokha kumanga masewera.

Zopinga za Chikhalidwe ndi Kukhazikika kwa Malo

Mabaibulo oyambirira achingelezi kaŵirikaŵiri amasintha kwambiri. Kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe kunapangitsa mitu ina, nthabwala, ndi malamulo a chikhalidwe kukhala zovuta kutembenuza kapena ngakhale kuvomereza kwa anthu a Kumadzulo. Malo ofufuza angasinthe chiwawa, kuchotsapo zilozero zotchuka zachijapani ndi zifaniziro zofanana ndi za ku America, kupatsananso zizindikiro, ndipo nthaŵi zina kulembanso mizera yonse ya nkhani kuti igwirizane ndi miyezo ya wailesi ya kumaloko kapena njira zotsatsira malonda. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLT] [FF:] [FLT] [FF:] [FK] [FOK] [ka] [ma]

Kutchuka kwakukulu kumeneku kunatanthauza kuti kujambula maso oyambirira a mlengi kunali kosatheka kwa anthu wamba okonda kujambula. Koma anthu omasulira zinthu analimbana. Fansubbers [1] ndi olemba nyimbo zachikhalidwe chokongola ndi zojambula zopereka tsatanetsatane, zofotokoza zinthu zolemekeza, zolembedwa m'mbiri, ndi mawu ojambula osasintha. Otsogolera omasulira olembedwawo anafalitsa, kuthandiza oonerera kumvetsa zimene zinatayika m'madumu alamulo.

Zolankhulana Zapamtima ndi Njira Zolankhulirana

Asanayambe kuthamanga, ochemerera a nyerere anamanga midzi yamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogwiritsa ntchito kumaso, zosindikizira, ndi zipangizo zina zoyambirira za manambala. Masitepe ameneŵa anali ochedwa koma anapanga zigwirizano zozama, zokhalitsa zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zinatenga zaka zambiri.

Magulu Ozungulira ndi Mapwando Akumaloko

Mungagwirizane ndi makalabu a anime m'dera lanu, amene amasungidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ku sukulu, malaibulale, kapena malo a anthu. Makirabu ameneŵa amakumana mlungu uliwonse kapena mwezi ndi kuonerera mapulogalamu a nyimbo za VHS, kukonza mavidiyo a nyimbo za m'mavidiyo, kukambirana mamega, ndi kukopana mafilimu kapena zinthu zina zokopa. Magulu ena anasunga malaibulale mazana ambiri osungidwa ndi anthu odzifunira. Kusonkhana kwakuthupi kunakhudza mmene munapezera ena amene munkakondana ndi dziko lakalekale kwambiri.

Misonkhano yoyambirira inakula mwachindunji kuchokera ku makalabu a kumaloko. Fan-run ndi antchito odzifunira, adadalira pa mawu a pakamwa ndi kusatsa malonda kwa oitanira oitanidwa. Munkayendetsa galimoto maola ambiri ku hotela kukakumana ndi atsamunda 200, kuonerera mawailesi a CRT, ndi kutenga nawo mbali mpikisano wa titrivia. Zochitika zimenezi zinayala chizindikiro cha misonkhano yaikulu ya lerolino, koma zinawoneka ngati kuti mabanja agwirizana.

Malo Okongola ndi Makalata Ozikidwa pa Mabuku

Fazines anali mwazi wa chidziŵitso. Fan-diso , yopangidwa ndi magazini monga Zine , , [[FLT]] Anime , [[FLT] Anime , , , ndi] Protobacrosss [[[FTLT:7]] [malongosole, matanthauzo, zithunzithunzi, ndi kutulutsa nkhani. Mumalembetsa mwa kutumiza ndalama kapena kuyang'ana ku polisi, ndi kupima ku nkhani yachithunzi kapena yosindikiza. M'nkhani yachipang'ono iliyonse ikafika m'nkhani yogwirizana ndi yogwirizana, yogwirizana ndi kuzungulira, makope, ndi kutsatsatsa malonda, makope, makope, ndi mapepala otsatsatsa malonda, mapepala, ndi mapepala otsa.

Mapeni, kaŵirikaŵiri kudutsa malire, amasinthanitsa makalata a pamanja, kugulitsa ndi kujambula mabogi a mawu. Makalata ochepekera ameneŵa anamanga maubwenzi amene nthaŵi zina anakhala ndi moyo, osonkhezeredwa ndi kutengeka maganizo. Makalata odziŵika bwino ndi zilembo za zilembo zina ndi ziwiya za ziŵiya zina zinapangitsa kuti psyndom ikhale yapafupi ndi yogwira mtima mwa njira imene kulankhulana kwa pa Intaneti sikunkafala.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bulletin Board Systems (BBS)

Atsamunda ena a sayansi anapeza malo awo pa Intaneti kudzera mu Bulletin Board Systems (BBS) kumapeto kwa ma 1980 ndi kuma 1990. Ndi modem yokweza ndi foni, mungalumikiza ndi zigawo za kumaloko kapena za BBS zokhala ndi ma BS, mauthenga okambirana, ndipo ngakhale kujambula zithunzi [1] kuphatikizapo zolemba zija za mutu wachidule, zithunzi zooneka zooneka bwino, ndi mavidiyo oyambika. BBS BOS . Zofanana ndi ANT:1] ndi Japan BBS inakhala malo osonkhanitsira otchuka amene anatha kukumana ndi anthu.

Kujambula pa pulogalamu yachiŵiri 30 kukanatenga ola limodzi, ndipo luso lazopangapanga linafuna kuleza mtima ndi kudziŵa njira. Komabe, BBS inayamba kukambirana ndi gulu la anthu anthaŵi yeniyeni, kugawana mafaelo, ndi kugwirizana kumene kunakhudza malo a pa Intaneti. Kunali koyamba kusiyanitsa kwa anthu a pa Intaneti opangika, ndipo ma BBS ambiri oyambirira akanapitiriza kumanga mawebusaiti ndi masiteshoni a IRC amene analongosola za 1990ime fandom.

Mmene Anthu Ochita Zinthu Zachilendo Anagawira ndi Kufalitsa Nyama

Makampani opanga zinthu ndiponso zipangizo zamagetsi zinapanga njira yofalitsira zinthu pansi pa nthaka imene inasintha maindasitalewo.

Kujambula ndi Kujambula Mazira

Ndi zotulutsidwa zochepa za boma, kugulitsa matepi kunakhala maziko a kugaŵira kwa dziko lonse. Wina ku Japan kapena wokhoza kuonera wailesi yakanema ya ku Japan adajambula pulogalamu pa VHS, ndiyeno makope a tepi amenewo akafalitsa kunja. Amalonda anasunga mpambo waluso wa zopereka zawo, kaŵirikaŵiri wolembedwa monga makhaseti a mapepala. Ngati mufuna kuona [FLT: 0] yaposachedwapa [M'ANURUS] Yatsura , , mwalembani kwa wamalonda, kugaŵira tepi ya chinthu chimene mudafuna kusinthana nacho, ndi kudikira milungu ingapo kuti mufike. Tapes anali amtengo wapatali. Mudawachenjeza mosamalitsa, kujambula iwo, ndi kuwasunga pamodzi ndi malonda odalirika.

Kukongola kwake kunali kosiyana kwambiri. Kope lapamwamba lolembedwa m'njira ya SP kuchokera ku wailesi linatchuka; kope la mbadwo wachinayi lingakhale losapeŵeka. Koma kwa ochirikiza malo okhala ndi zilembo zopezekabe, kope lililonse linali lamtengo wapatali. Kugulitsa matape ku anapanga chosungiramo cha aimade chimene palibe bungwe lokhala ndi ulamuliro, ndipo pochita zimenezo, linasunga maina ambiri aulemu amene akanatayika nthaŵi.

Miyambo Yongopeka

Chifukwa chakuti mabaibulo a boma anali ovuta kulembedwa ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri anali opendedwa, otsatsa malonda anadzipangira mawu awo. Ntchito inali yotopetsa: Munayamba ndi tepi ya chinenero cha Chijapaniya, nthaŵi zina ndi tchuni choperekedwa ndi wotembenuza. Kugwiritsira ntchito Commodore Amiga kapena PC yokhala ndi vidiyo yoyambirira, mafashoni ankalemba mawu pa pulogalamu, ndiyeno kuitumiza pa tepi ya vidiyo kapena kupanga njira yosiyana pa tepi yojambula. Magulu a otembenuza, akonzi, ndi osindikiza a PC adagwirizana kwambiri ndi vidiyo kapena foni, ndi chiwitso chomaliza kufalitsidwa pa VHS.

Kujambula kunali ntchito yachikondi, osati bizinesi. Magulu onga Arctic Opikiniki ndi Kodocha Fanws amakhazikitsa miyezo yapamwamba kaamba ka kulondola ndi kujambula, kusonkhezera zitaganya za manambala zokhala ndi makompyuta. Kaŵirikaŵiri iwo anali kuphatikizapo maina atsatanetsatane ofotokoza zilozero za chikhalidwe, chinthu chotulutsidwa ndi malonda chimene sichinachitike kamodzikamodzi. Mbiri ya kusekerera kwa anthu oimba [1] imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi kusinthika kwa vidiyo ya vidiyo ya magetsi, koma mizu yake ili yolimba m'nyengo ya VHS, kumene mafomu onse a mapepala a malonda a kamodzi amaimira maola a ntchito yodzifunira.

Ntchito ya Makina a FTP ndi Makina Ophatikizana

Pofika pakati pa ma 19990, makompyuta apanyumba ndi ma modem anachititsa mafashoni a manambala kugawana. Fans adakhazikitsa FTP (Malamulo Oyendetsera Malamulo), kaŵirikaŵiri obisika pa mipambo ya yunivesite, kumene analonga ndi kujambula zochitika monga Zhective kapena Quick Time. Omasewera ameneŵa anatetezedwa ndi kufalitsidwa kudzera m’mawu a pakamwa pa IRC (Internet Relay Chat). Kujambula chinthu chimodzi kukhoza kutenga usiku wonse, ndipo mafaelo anagawidwa kawiri kawiri kuti akhale mbali zingapo kuti ayambenso pambuyo pogwa kwa chigwirizano.

FTP Kugaŵana kunali kochedwa ndi kosadalirika, koma kunatsegula malire atsopano: sikunawonekenso tepi, kulibe mtengo wa posta, kungolemba zinthu zosadziŵika. Inachititsa otsagana ndi makompyuta a mtundu umodzi. Kusintha kwa manambala kumeneku kunayala maziko a mapulogalamu a ausinkhu wanu amene anaphulika kumayambiriro kwa 2000, ndipo potsirizira pake kuwonjezera mautumiki alamulo amene anatulukira pambuyo pake. FTP Nyengo ya Chingelezi inaphunzitsa kuwonjezera phindu la ma a digilamu ndi kupezeka mosavuta, mapuligalamu amakono amene akugwirabe ntchito.

Zotsatirapo Zokhalitsa za Maseŵera Ongoyerekezera a M’thupi

N’zochititsa chidwi kuti masiku ano anthu a m’matepi a VHS, mafashoni, ndi ma BS. Njira zimene anthu ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito popanga matepi a VHS, ndi zimene anthu a m’nyengo imeneyo amatsatira potengera chikhalidwe cha anthu a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse.

Chisonkhezero pa Makhalidwe Amakono

Mapulatifomu oyenda akupereka maina aulemu zikwi zambiri, koma zizoloŵezi za anthu zomangidwa pa Intaneti isanabadwe. Ma Fan adakali kulinganiza mapwando oonera makampani, kupanga maluso ojambula, ndi kukambirana mfundo za m'magulu opatulidwa . Maluso amene amaonetsa misonkhano ndi makalata a m'mbuyo. Lingaliro la “kugwetsa,” kumene mphepo ya padziko lonse itangopita kumene ku Japan, imakhala yochokera ku malo otchuka ofuna kuti anthu afike mwamsanga amene amakumana nawo mwa kugulitsa ndi kupenta ndi kupenta. Ngakhalenso malingaliro a kuyang'ana ndi mapetisiti a nyengo ndi mapulogalamu a mapuloti ali ndi mizu ya mabolo m'nkhani za .

Mautumiki amakono kaŵirikaŵiri amaphatikizapo mbali za chitaganya , ma a cum, ndi mayanjano . Zikubwereza mwambo wa kugwirizanitsa anthu a m'nthaŵi zoyambirira za pulofinim . Chikhumbo cha kuyanjana ndi chilakolako chimodzi cha mpambo wankhani sizinachepe; zipangizo zakhala zofulumira. Ochemerera ambiri anthaŵi yaitali ayamba kuyamikira asanayambe kulowa m'gulu la zinthu, kutembenuza, ndi kutulutsa makampani amakono. Chisinthiko cha anthu otengeka maganizo a VHS kuti alembe makompyuta a pulogalamu kuti apereke mabaibulo, kutembenuza mofulumira, kukonza makampani amakono.

Kusungidwa kwa Mzimu wa M’chitaganya

Asanaike Internet, chifanizirocho chinali chaumwini. Munadziŵa maina a anthu amene munagulitsana nawo; munasinthana makadi a holide ndi kudera nkhaŵa pamene kalata inalephera. Fanzines anali ntchito yachikondi, yochitidwa ndi manja kufikira itasweka. Mzimuwo sunathebe pamene makompyuta ndi manyuzi a zachikhalidwe. Ukalipobe kwa alangizi aang'ono a Dordy, omenyana, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zoulutsira mawu pakati pa osonkhanitsa. Misonkhano yambiri yachigawo cholandira “VHS chipinda . . chipinda cha mapulogalamu a magetsi kumene otchuka a filimu angayamikireko.

Choloŵa cha farzine fandom yapasadake chimatikumbutsa kuti chitaganya sichimangodya zokwaniritsidwa; chiri chakupangitsa tanthauzo limodzi. M'kuchuluka kwa zosankha zosatha, luso lotayika la kudikira tepi, chisangalalo cha fanso atsopano m'bokosi laposi, ndi maubwenzi enieni omangidwa kupyolera mwa makalata ndi misonkhano ya gulu amaima monga chigwirizano cha zimene ochemerera angapange moleza mtima ndi chilakolako. Mzimu umenewo umalimbikitsa ochirikiza lerolino kufunafuna kugwirizana kwakuya, kuŵerengerana ndi zokumana nazo pa kusangalatsa kwa mlingo wa lalgolithm, ndi kukumbukira kuti pachiyambi chake, aimdom akhala nthaŵi zonse ogwirizana ndi anthu, osati mapipiki.