Mphamvu Yokhalitsa ya Dongosolo la Animime

Anime wapitirira chiyambi chake kuti akhale mphamvu yaikulu m'zosangulutsa zapadziko lonse, ndipo pamaziko a chikhalidwe chimenechi pali masutudi ojambula mavidiyo amene amasintha inki ndi kuyerekezera kukhala zojambula. Kuposa mafakitale okha opanga zinthu, ma holodia ameneŵa amakulitsa mafilosofi osiyana a kulenga, kutsendereza maluso, ndi kulera otsogolera a m'masomphenya ndi ojambula amene amalongosola nyengo zonse. Kuchokera ku zojambula ndi manja kudula mitungwe ya magetsi, kuzindikiritsa malo ozoloŵera monga momwe amapangira zilembo. Kufufuza kumeneku kulowa m'mafakitale khumi otchuka kwambiri sikungovumbula chabe ndandanda ya mabungwe a za makampani, koma kumenyetsa mitima kumbuyo kwa zidutswa za nkhani zosaiŵalika.

Studio Ghibli: Chipangizo cha Maseŵero cha Golide

Palibe kukambitsirana kwa malo ochitira nyukiliya otchuka kumene kungayambike popanda Studio Ghibli . Okhazikitsidwa mu 1985 ndi akuluakulu a Hiyao Miyazaki ndi Isao Takahata, kampani Toshio Suzuki, chipinda chochezeracho chinamangidwa pa phulusa la Toppercrato ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kupanga mafilimu a mkhalidwe wosayerekezereka. Ghibli’s ethos amakana chitsanzo cha msonkhano; m’malo mwake, famu iliyonse ndi ntchito yopanga chikondi, isanayambe kujambula zinthu zachikhalidwe, khalidwe lofotokoza za malonda. Chikwangwani cha mpangidwe wapamwamba, luso lapamwamba, ulemu wa prognon, ndi wa akazi woikidwa pa jiniyo.

Mafilimu a Ghibli amafufuza zinthu zonse zimene anthu akumana nazo, kuyambira pa matsenga abata a ubwana mpaka kuwonongeka kwa nkhondo. Chisonkhezero cha studiochi chimaposa kwambiri Japan, ojambula ochititsa chidwi pa Pixar, Droot Astings, ndi opanga osaŵerengeka padziko lonse. Kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zimene apanga, kuphatikizapo kudzipereka kosagwedera ku chionetsero cha kanema ndi kugwirizana kwaposachedwapa ndi Maziyamu a Ghibli, , awonjezera malo ake a nyuziro.

  • Mnansi Wanga Totoro [1] (1988) – A wofatsa, wochititsa chidwi paubwana amene anapangitsa dziko lapansi kuwona chimodzi cha zinthu zotchuka kwambiri za aime. Chifundo chake kwa ana a maganizo, chopanda wokonda kutchuka, zosangulutsa zabanja zolongosoka.
  • Ulendo wodabwitsa (2001) kudutsa m'nyumba yosambiramo mizimu imene inakhala filimu yokongola kwambiri m'mbiri ya ku Japan. Kubwera kwa chithunzi cha malo enieni, wochuluka ndi nthano za Chishinto ndi mitu yotsutsa kazitape, adapambana Academy ya Kampasi Yojambula Yabwino Koposa ndi kuyambitsa mbadwo wa openyerera a Kumadzulo kuthekera kwa luso la kujambula.
  • Nams Monoke (1997) – Zopeka za mbiri yakale zimene zimakana mayankho osavuta, kutsutsira maindasitale ndi chilengedwe mwamphamvu yowopsa, yowopsa. Chilengedwe chake cha makhalidwe abwino ndi kachitidwe ka kujambula ndi manja zinapangitsa malire a zimene maluso angasonyeze.

Kupima Zinthu: Fakitale ya Shonan Yosalekeka

Monga imodzi ya ma holodio akale ndi otchuka kwambiri, Toei Sea Sea lulunsi ya maindasitale kuyambira pamene anayambidwa mu 1956. Poyamba adakhazikitsidwa kupanga masewero ooneka bwino ndi mafilimu afupi, Toii anasinthika kukhala nyumba yamagetsi, kupanga “maluso otchipa otsalira . Njira zimene zingatheke kuti nkhani za m'mizere ikhale yogwirizana. Luso la situdio losinthasintha manga okhalitsa m'mafashoni a dziko lonse lapansi ndilo nloposa, kumanga bwino mapulani a Clayennbbuster yamakono.

Luso la kusutudiyo la kusungitsa maluso a maluso a maluso a maluso m’zochitika mazana ambiri, ndi luso lake la kusintha ngwazi za archepsyy kukhala zithunzithunzi zokondedwa, lidakali dalaivala wamkulu wa kufalikira kwa malonda a dziko lonse a aime.

  • Deragon Ball [FLT :1] (86-preset) – Akira Toriyama maluso a karate, makamaka Raman Ball Z nyengo, inakhala poyambira kotheratu pa wailesi ya Lynime asme . Kuphatikiza kwake nkhondo yamphamvu kwambiri, yomakula, ndi kakhalidwe kake kunayambitsa njira imene pafupifupi mpambo uliwonse wa nkhondo yamakono umafuna kutsanzira.
  • Sailor Moon [[FLT :1] (1992-1997) [1] Mulongowu sunangofalitsa “msungwana wamatsenga” lingaliro lake; linalongosolanso. Kuphatikiza shojoching, kachitidwe ka mail, ndi uthenga wolimbikitsa kwambiri ponena za ubwenzi wa akazi, [[FLT:] Sailor Moon [[FLM:3]
  • Mbali imodzi [[FLT :1] (99-preset) – mwinamwake nkhani yachilendo kwambiri m'mbiri yachikale, Eiichiro Oda iri kalasi lapamwamba m'mangako a dziko lonse, kuyambika kwa, ndi kupindula kwa mtima. Kudzipereka kwa Toei ku mpambo umodzi wa zaka zoposa makumi aŵiri kuli ntchito ya maindasitale.

Madhouse: Choloŵa cha Anthu Ojambula Zithunzi Zokongola

Yokhazikitsidwa mu 1972 ndi opanduka a maindasitale kuphatikizapo Masao Maruyama, Madhouse adamangidwa pa lamulo la ufulu wa kulenga lomwe linatsutsa ngozi. Filosofi imeneyi inakopa mbadwo wa oyang'anira amasomphenya . Satoshi Kon, Yoshiaki Kawajiri, ndi Mamoru Hosoda pakati pawo. Amene anagwiritsira ntchito malo okonzerako maprojekiti amene anasinthanso ma geno awo. Madhouse ali ndi luso lapamwamba ndi kufunitsitsa kwamphamvu yamphamvu, kuopsa kwa maganizo, ndi bata, seŵero lochititsa chidwi. Kutuluka kwa mafilimuwo kumapeto kwa 1990 ndi 2000 adakhazikitsa muyezo wa kuŵerengera kwa kukhwima, mafilimu amene anatsutsa mwachindunji lingaliro a ku kupambana kwa ana.

  • Tsogolo la Imfa (206-2007) – A Hitchcockian kat-akyurt persician persiper amene anasandutsa buku lachilendo kukhala losangalatsa kwambiri. Kalembedwe kake kooneka bwino, kamvekedwe ka mkati, ndi katswiri wa makhalidwe kanachititsa kuti anthu ambiri ayambe kucheza ndi zolankhula.
  • Munthu mmodzi-Woyamba (Sawoni 1, 2015) – Madhouse adasankha gulu la maloto la opanga a flarence aimator kuperekera gulu lokhala ndi chiwonetsero chotchedwa sakuga. mpambo wosonyeza kutopa kwa mafupa ndi kugwedezeka kwa maseŵero osonyeza zimene wailesi yakanema ingachite.
  • .Humner x Hunter [FLT :1] (2011-2014 – Kusintha kokwanira ndi kotsimikizirika kwa Yoshihiro Togashi . Kusintha kwa ma manga kwa filimu kwa 148-episode kwaluso kumasokoneza magetsi ounikira, kupanga dongosolo lamphamvu lakuda ndi lachinyengo ndi dongosolo la zosimba zimene zimafikira kuzama kwa malingaliro ndi mafilosofi.

4. Chizindikiro cha Kyoto: Chipangizo Chosonyeza Kuganiza Bwino

Koto Ogigina , Kyoto Ktoto , Kuseŵera , makamaka kutchuka kwake kotchedwa Kyoni . Mwakugwiritsira ntchito monga siteshoni yosanjidwa, m'nyumba mmalo modalira gulu lankhondo la odzipatula, Koyani amawononga kwambiri maphunziro ndi kukhala ndi ndodo yake yabwino, makamaka maluso ake. Zimenezi zimasonyeza pa kanema monga kukongola kwakukulu kwa munthu: kulemera kwa thumba la sukulu, kusuntha kwa manong’onoang’ono, kutumiza kwa mphamvu ya dziko lonse. Chikalata cha bungwe la statifomu cha “Kayoni . ndi kujambula kwake kwa makompyuta kumapanga malo okongola kwambiri amene ngakhalenso okongola kwambiri.

  • [[FLT: 0] Clannad : Pambuyo pa Nkhani (2008-2009) – Ntchito yaukatswiri ya katharss imene imasintha kuchoka pa chikondi cha pasukulu yasekonda kukhala kufufuza kosakaza kwa banja, kutayikiridwa, ndi mphamvu yowombola ya chikondi. Nyengo yake yachiŵiri ndiyo siteshoni ya kukula kwa malingaliro kalembedwe ka zinthu ka ka ka kawonedwe ka genre kangafikire.
  • A Mawu Osalankhula [[FLT :1] (2016 + – Naoko Yamada) filimu yapadera ikuyamba ndandanda yankhanza ya kuvutitsa ndi kudzipha ndi malingaliro osonyeza kulolerana kwakukulu. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kwatsopano kwa kujambula, kusumika maganizo, ndi mawu kuimira nkhaŵa ya anthu ndi kupunduka kwa kulankhulana kuli chizindikiro cha galamala yakanema.
  • Violet Ever Fordual [FLT :1] (208) – Seŵero lapamwamba kwambiri la pambuyo pa nkhondo lonena za mwana msilikali akuphunzira tanthauzo la mawu akuti “Ndimakukonda. Chochitika chilichonse ndi ngale yopaka, yosonyeza mlingo wa luso lakumbuyo ndi maluso a kachitidwe zimene zimafanana ndi mafilimu.

Mafupa: Kumene Anthu Amamva Kupweteka

Studio Mathambo anapangidwa mu 1998 ndi Masahiko Mina ndi antchito ena omwe kale anali Sunia ndi ntchito yopanga mayeso ndi “chiŵiya cha magetsi ndi sou. [1] Kuwonadi chikhulupiriro chimenecho, Mafupa apanga mbiri yopanga mpambo womwe uli wozizwitsa ndi wosimba. Njira yowonekera ya maloto imaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa kosalakwa kwa maluso a a aluso a 2D ndi kayendedwe ka makamera ndi tsatanetsatane wa makina, kaŵirikaŵiri kugaŵa zilembo zake pakati pa ntchito zoyambirira ndi ma ma ma ma ma ma magga. Mathambo sachedwa kuphonya, kunyamula nthaŵi zonse kumene kumagwirizanitsa maluso a kachitidwe kakhalidwe kaumunthu kupyolera m’malo mwa kachitidwe kamodzi kokha.

  • [[FLT: 0] Ubale : (209-2010) – Chozizwitsa cha 64-episode chosintha Hiromu Alakawa ndi kukhulupirika kowopsa. Dongosolo lake la matsenga odabwitsa, kuphatikiza, ndi mitu ya kusinthana ndi liŵongo la nthaŵi yanthaŵi yatha zaka zambiri lapangitsa kuti likhale ndandanda yapamwamba pa mizu ya aime.
  • Thupi Langa la Hero Academia[FL:1] (206-preset) - Woloŵa wowonekera ku mpando wachifumu wa dziko lonse, nkhani ya maphunziro a maseŵero apamwamba imeneyi imatembenuza masamu a mafaniziro a mafilimu a ku America ku japani zoonekeratu. Mafupa a magalasi a mtundu wa mawonekedwe a mkati mwa nkhondo zazikulu, makamaka ndi odziŵika ndi wodziŵa Yutakamura Nakamura, apanga mavairasi oulutsira manyuzipepala chaka ndi chaka.
  • [[FLT: 0] Psycho 100 (206-2022) – Chipambano chogwirizana ndi Mmodzi, mlengi wa Munthu mmodzi-Punch Man [. Mafupa anasungirira malire a mawu a stacylic, kugwiritsira ntchito choko, mafuta, utoto, ndi ziyambukiro za galasi kuyerekezera mphamvu za kupenda m'nkhani imene ilidi yakuya, phunziro lakuya, m’kudzitsimikizira ndi kukoma mtima.

6. Zopangidwa I.G.: Maselo a Cyberpbuda

Kuyambira pamene anachoka ku Tatsunoko Production mu 1987, Production I.G yakhala yofanana ndi sayansi yachinyengo ndi genre-definiting . Coco choyambitsidwa ndi wofalitsa Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, shadio adayambitsa kugwiritsira ntchito zida za makompyuta kuti agwirizanitse maluso a makompyuta ndi malo okhala ndi kompyuta, kupanga malo okongola, otalika kwambiri a disiki amene anakwaniritsa bwino nkhani zake za ubongo. I. Ga ntchito za kawirikawiri imachotsa katangale kazitaganya wandale, kujambula anthu, ndi mkhalidwe wa kuzindikira, nthaŵi zonse zimayambitsa kulinganiza kwawo kwa nzeru zapamwamba zapamwamba za makompyuta, zochita zawo. Studia ya m'makompyuta m'makompyuta ndi kujambula, njira yake yojambula, yamakono, ya kujambula, yamakono ya kujambula kwamakono, yamakono.

  • Host mu Chigoba (1995]) Luso la Mamoru Oshii ndilo filimu yochuluka kwambiri yanthanthi. Chiyambukiro chake pa Hollywood [1] Chikalata [[FLT] [] [i] , koma mphamvu yake yosatha imachokera ku kuivutitsa, kusinkhasinkha kwake kwadala ndi kusinkhasinkha kwake pa Halu, ndale, ndi kudziyesa.
  • Attback pa Titan [1] (Wit Studio Studio co-dec Gear ) [1] Komiti yopanga inasintha nyengo zapambuyo pake kupita ku MPPA , chizindikiritso choyambirira chopangidwa ndi Production I.G ndi mbali yake Witstido inalongosola mpambo. “Omnigational Mobicity Gear , ndi kutsata kwake kowomba, ndi kujambula kwake kodabwitsa, kusintha kumene kunachitika ndi kachitidwe ka 3D kangawonedwe kake pa kanema.
  • Psycho-Pass (202) -A dystopian upandu wolembedwa ndi Gen Urobuchi kuti mapu apafupi ndi chithunzi kumene mkhalidwe wa maganizo wa munthu uli wokhoza kuyerekezeredwa, wokhoza kugwira ntchito. I. G’sches , sourset , neon-noir adapanga boma lofufuza lotsimikizirika limene limatumikira monga chiwopsezo kutsutsana kwa malongo amakono a mfundo za makhalidwe abwino.

7. A1 Zithunzi: Fakitale Yopanga Masako Osonyeza Kukhudza Kwaumwini

Mu 2005, adakhazikitsidwa monga mbali ya kutulutsa Aniplex, A-1 Zithunzi zinasintha mwamsanga kuchoka ku wopanga kukhala fakitale yotchuka, yopanga makampani apamwamba. Mabungwe okongola a situdio, kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yambiri yopanga yotchedwa “stadiyas,” imalola kuti ikhale ndi masewero achikondi achikondi ndi kuchulukitsa zopeka ndi zithunzi zooneka zachilendo. Pamene nthaŵi zina zinalembedwa monga fakitale yopindulitsa, luso la A-1 kukopa talente yapamwamba yodzipangira ntchito iliyonse yachititsa munthu kutengeka maganizo kwambiri ndi kukongola kwa zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, makamaka ntchito yake pa [FLD:] Kaya-FFFF: [FFF: [2] ndi PLT]

  • Mabodza Anu mu April[FLT :1] (202-2015) -A mlanchlic nyimbo zokongola ndi nyimbo. Makompyuta a A11 anagwiritsira ntchito kuwala konyezimira, tsitsi loyenda, ndi kujambula m'masewera a nyimbo kutembenuza mosaoneka malingaliro ochititsa chidwi amene nyimbo zimadzetsa, kusandutsa chikondi choopsa kukhala ndakatulo.
  • Art At Online[[FLT :1] (202-preset ) -A ault isekai amene anayambitsa mpambo wa atsatiri chikwi. Kujambula kodabwitsa kwa dziko loyerekezera ndi kujambula kwake kochititsa chidwi, kumaliza kwa kujambula kunapangitsa lingaliro la “kukhala ndi moyo m’maseŵera” kumva ponse paŵiri kukhala ndi chikhumbo ndi ngozi, kulanda nkhaŵa za mbadwo za ndandanda ya zinthu.
  • Karya-sama: Chikondi ndi Nkhondo [1] (209-2023) – kutengera kwaluso kwa studio kujambula kwa nyimbo zachikondi kumasintha ngati kusinthika kwa kaseŵero kodabwitsa kwa maganizo, kuchoka ku maseŵera a maganizo kupita ku mafanizo owonekera ndi nkhondo za rap, zonsezo zikumathandizira kukweza kutsutsana kochititsa mantha pakati pa maluso aŵiri onyada kwambiri kuti avomereze chikondi chawo.

8. Kuumirira: Kugwiritsira Ntchito Kalongosoledwe Kotchedwa Hyper-Kinetic

Pamene gulu la opanga adasiya Gaingax mu 2011 kupanga Studio Trigger, iwo ananyamula mzimu wopanduka ndi thuos wa maluso oyera, osaipitsidwa. Mpangidwe wa TrGidge ndi chinenero cha rhinfoni chopambanitsa: chochindikala, chojambula, chodukiza, chotchedwa meading cometic mea, ndi kukana kulola malamulo a sayansi kuletsa kachitidwe kabwino. Studio, yotsogozedwa ndi Hiroyuki Imaishi, yochirikiza “chisangalalo cha kujambula, kaŵirikaŵiri kujambula, kukopa, mauthenga omveka bwino onena za kukonza zinthu ndi kudzikakamiza mchitidwe waumwini pantchito yawo. Zopanga zawo sizikuyang'aniridwa ndi mphamvu zimene zingawonedwe ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi kanema.

  • Kill la Kill [FLT :1] (2013-2014---Adrenaline yoyera imene imapanga zovala ndi kugwiritsira ntchito fashoni monga fanizo la Fascism ndi kudziimira kwa thupi. Mwadala “inali yothamanga kwambiri , , limodzi ndi njira ya Imaishi yokayikitsa, inakhala mfuu yosonkhezera kujambula kwa manja illiocncrasy mu nyengo ya makompyuta.
  • Academia Waufiti Waung'ono (203, 2017) – A kuchotsedwa kwa chozizwitsa choyera, chosatsutsika. Kuchokera ku ntchito yophunzitsa achichepere a boma okonzekeredwa, chisinthiko chake chautali chimakondwerera matsenga a maluso a nyukiliya, ndi chidutswa chilichonse chomakula ndi chikondi choyambukira pa luso la zopangapanga.
  • [[FLT: 0] Cyberpunk: Bulorruns (202) - Kugwirizana ndi CD Projekt Red ndi Netflix yomwe imakhazikitsa chizindikiro chatsopano cha maseŵero-to-kusintha. Chigumula chinathira tsoka la neon-soak ku madeko khumi, kuchotsa kukongola kwa CYberpunk 207 thambo ndi kuyambitsa filimu ya .

9. Shaft: Luso la Avant-Garde

Studio Shaft wakhala akuzungulira chiyambire 1975, koma kudziŵika kwake kwamakono kunapangidwa mwa kugwirizana kwake ndi mkulu wa bungwe Akiyuki Shinbo. Kugwirizana kumeneku kunabala chinenero chowoneka chomwe chimawonekera mwamsanga: kuyandikira kwambiri kwa maso, maluso ozoloŵereka, mawonekedwe onyezimira, ndi malembo a fotographic amene amasintha mkhalidwe wa mkati mwa munthu. Kufikira kwa Shaft kumasintha kwambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri kumaika pangozi kuyambitsa mkhalidwe wowonekera bwino ndi wodziwikitsa. Studio imakana kukhala windo lopanda ntchito; mmalo mwake, imapanga kujambula kwa munthu amene amafuna kukambitsirana ndi wopenyererayo pamlingo wapamwamba.

  • Mawu a Chithunzi cha [1] (09-preset ) – Chithunzi cha Avant-garde chokwiriridwa m'kati mwa kalembedwe ka zinthu zoyera. Mawu ojambulidwa mofulumira a moto amawonekera m'mawonekedwe a Shaft, kujambula kwa mitundu, ndi kusanthula, kusintha 80% ya zojambula za mbiri yochititsa kaso.
  • Magi Madoka Magica [1] (2011) – Chochitika chamwambo chimene chinawononga mwa njira yotsatizana mtsikana wamatsenga. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Shaft kwa zoulutsira mawu zosokonezeka, zojambula ndi zosokoneza, zochitika zenizeni za dziko zinayambitsa kuwopsa kwa kutaya mtima kumene mipambo yambiri yatha kutsanzira. Chiyambukiro chake pa mdima, kuipitsirana kwa antimime nchosatsimikizirika.
  • March Abwera Monga Mkango (2018) – Kusintha kwakukulu kukhala seŵero lakuya, laumunthu, komabe mafanizo owoneka ndi Shaft ophiphiritsira , kufunda, ndi kutsendereza . Yerekezerani bwino lomwe za kupsinjika kwa protagoni ndi kuchiritsa kwa kanthaŵi. Kuli ngati ntchito ya kukhwima kwa maganizo ndi yopangidwa bwino kwambiri.

10. Davide Atulutsa: Mawu Opeka a Gulu la Anthu a Shona

David Production , yemwe anangoyambika mu 2007 ndipo poyamba anali katswiri waung'ono wojambula TV, anagula TV ya Fuji. Studioyi inapanga malo apadera mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokondedwa, zogwiritsa ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manga yoonetsa, pafupifupi luso loyesa zinthu zimene zimaposa kulephera kwa wailesi yakanema kwa mlungu ndi mlungu. David Pro amafotokozedwa ndi luso lake la kujambula, kuphatikiza kwake kwa mawu monga zinthu zojambula, ndipo nthaŵi zina kulimba kwake, kujambula kwake kumakhala ngati kutsutsana ndi kuwala kwa kanema. Iwo ali umboni wa kuchuluka kwa anthu ojambula zinthu.

  • Joarre Adventire (202-presenter) – Hirohiko Ariki yolembedwa ndi mbadwo wa anthu anapeza wotembenuza wabwino. David Production amagwiritsira ntchito mokwanira ku magwero a zinthu zojambula, zojambula zamitundumitundu yosiyanasiyana nthaŵi zonse kuti zipereke kusinthasintha kwa maganizo, ndi kukupatira kwabwino kwa kusadziŵa kwenikweni. “bizar” mu mutu wake si lingaliro la munthu wotsogolera.
  • Mphamvu yamphamvu [1] (209-presenter) – chiwonetsero cha pinercomania kuchokera kwa mlengi wa Soul Eaner . David Pro anagwiritsira ntchito mawu ofeŵa, ouluka kwambiri kupangira limodzi la zojambula zamakono zojambula, kumene kujambula kulikonse kwa mapazi a munthu kumatsagana ndi gumbo wodabwitsa, wokhutiritsa, wochititsa chidwi.
  • Maseŵera ku Ntchito! (208) – Ntchito yosangalatsa yamaphunziro kuti mphamvu yoteteza thupi la munthu imasintha thupi kuti lisaloŵe m’thupi. Kulimbana kwamphamvu kwa nyumba yochitiramo zinthu kunapangitsa ma platelet kukhala ngwazi zokhoza kusungunuka, kutembenuza maphunziro a sayansi kukhala osangalatsadi, ndipo nthaŵi zina kugwetsa misozi, nkhani.

Mzimu Wopatsa

Mastudio khumi ameneŵa amaimira moyo wosiyanasiyana wa indasitale ya nzimbe. Kuyambira kukongola kwa Ghibli mpaka mphamvu ya Trigger, kuyambira kulinganiza kwa malingaliro kwa Kyoto Ogie mpaka nzeru ya pa Intaneti ya Kupanga I.G, iliyonse yapititsa patsogolo zinthu osati mwa kukopa zikhalidwe, koma mwa kujambula . Mataotala awo sali chabe kusonkhanitsa maina aulemu; iwo ali zipangano za mphamvu ya masomphenya olenga a cohession. Pamene makampaniwo ayamba ndi luso latsopano ndi zithunzi zokopa za padziko lonse, ntchito yoyambira ya maholo ameneŵa imatsimikizira kuti munthu akhalabe malo aakulu othekera, akusonkhezera opanga amene adzanyamula malowo kulowa m’badwo wotsatira.